BANQUE D’EPREUVES DUT-BTS -SESSION 2017-

ÉPREUVE D’ANGLAIS

Dictionnaire et appareils électroniques interdits

Réponse juste : +3 Réponse fausse : -1 Pas de réponse : 0

CODE ÉPREUVE : 972

DURÉE DE L’ÉPREUVE: 2H

ChooseONEanswerforeachquestion:1. Mygapyear?OhyesIlovedit.It_______________betweenmysecondandthirdyearatuniversity.

a. willbe

b. hasbeen

c. was

d. wouldbe

2. AchronologicalCVstartswithyourmost_______________positionandprogressesbackintime.

a. actual

b. current

c. fun

d. present

3. Decide_____________ismorerelevant.Ifyourworkexperienceismorerelevantthanyour

qualifications,thenputitfirst.

a. which

b. that

c. whatone

d. ifit

4. AfewyearsagoI_____________Iwasnotthemostorganizedpersonintheworld.

a. hadrealized

b. wasthinking

c. consider

d. realized

5. Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytorefreshalloftheinformation__________inthisfile.

a. hold

b. beinghold

c. held

d. beingheld

6. Residentialaddresscanbeconfirmed________supplyingoneofthedocumentsshownbelow.

a. by

b. about

c. with

d. for

7. Who’stheelectronicbasicscourseaimed________?

a. on

b. at

c. toward

d. to

8. Ohno,mytrainhasjust_____________________thestation!

a. goneoutof

b. comeinto

c. leavefrom

d. pulledawayfrom

9. Please______________yourshoesandbootsasyoureachthescreeningarea.

a. turnoff

b. putoff

c. puton

d. takeoff

10. Althoughthiswasourfirstevent,we____________hadmorethan300visitors.

a. already

b. just

c. still

d. often

11. Don’teventhinkofridingamotorbike_____________youhavealicence.

a. unless

b. if

c. when

d. since

12. Thatemergencymeantwehadtopayoutalargeamountonanewboiler,_________wasanunexpected

expense.

a. thatwhich

b. which

c. that

d. these

13. You’regoingtotheEngineeringworkshop,______________?a. aren’tyou

b. didn’tyou

c. haven’tyou

d. won’tyou

14. Howdoyou____________alltheworkyouhaveatbusytimes?

a. goover

b. handle

c. handover

d. mismanage

15. It’sprettyhotoutsidetodayinMorocco,soforourexcursionyou_________________suncream.

a. shouldhaveused

b. shouldbeusing

c. mayusing

d. woulduse

16. Icalledtwice,butIcouldn’tget________________.a. through

b. over

c. to

d. at

17. IwishI_______________abetterpresentation,butthereisnothingIcandoaboutitnow.a. willdo

b. wouldhavedone

c. coulddo

d. haddone

18. Thiswholeprojectdepends_________you.Sothat’sabigresponsibility.a. from

b. for

c. of

d. on

19. Pleasetakeyourseatsas_______________youcan.a. quicklyas

b. quickthat

c. quickerthat

d. quicklythat

20. Thenewmanager_____________directexperienceinprogramming,buthe’sagoodmanager.

a. lack

b. lacks

c. miss

d. misses

21. Yousaidyou_____________whetherthecartridgesfitthenewprinter.a. wouldcheck

b. willcheck

c. willhavechecked

d. won’tcheck

22. ________________ourreputationinthemarket,ourbusinessisnotdoingaswellaslastyear.

a. Despiteof

b. Although

c. Because

d. Inspiteof

23. Yes,don’tworry!Wehaveallthedocumentsweneed.Iwishyou___________fussing.

a. willstop

b. wouldstop

c. havestopped

d. stop

24. ________________areinspectionscarriedoutinthisfoodfactory?a. Howsoon

b. Howoften

c. Howmuch

d. Howmany

25. Canyousendmethatreport_______Monday?

a. by

b. in

c. at

d. over

26. ___________youexercise,thefitteryouare.a. More

b. Themore

c. Themost

d. Morethan

27. Haveyoutakenyourdrivingtestyet?______________itnextmonth.

a. No,Iwillhavetaken

b. No,Iwilltaking

c. No,I’mtaking

d. Yes,I’vetaken

28. Aswecan’trenovatethehouseourselves,wehavedecidedto_______________byareputablefirm.

a. doit

b. haveitdone

c. makeitdone

d. getit

29. Wecannotmanufacture___________componentswithinthetimeperiodyoustipulate.

a. that

b. this

c. these

d. somuch

30. Thelectureonsignalprocessingwas_______________startat8am.Howevertheprofessorarrivedlate.

a. supposed

b. dueto

c. plannedfor

d. programmed

31. ___________anyonecallwhileI’mout,pleasetakeamessage.

a. If

b. Will

c. Should

d. Shall

32. Thenewharddrivesweredeliveredlastmonth,butthey’restillsittingin________boxes.

a. they

b. them

c. themselves

d. their

33. Thequalitydepartmenthasreceivedtoomany______aboutournewspeakers.Ithinkweshouldlook

intoit.

a. complaints

b. damages

c. charges

d. plaints

34. Thisevening’s______willbeprovidedbytheRollingBanjostrio.a. entertain

b. entertained

c. entertains

d. entertainment

35. Please_____alllightsareturnedoffandthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingtheroom.

a. ensure

b. insure

c. assure

d. prepare

36. Who’sgoingtoreplaceMs.Weaver_____sheisonvacation?

a. during

b. through

c. within

d. while

37. Theyclaimtheaveragebatterylifeonthenewmodelis_______36-48hours.

a. approximate

b. approximatively

c. approximated

d. approximately

38. ________thedatabasesometimesneedstoberestored,dailybackupsaremadebytheadministrator.

a. While

b. Because

c. Indeed

d. Otherwise

39. ______heknown,hemighthavedoneitanotherway.

a. If

b. Had

c. Did

d. Unless

40. “Pleaseenteryourpersonal______number.”

a. identifying

b. identification

c. identity

d. identify

41. ThereportMr.Andrewsgavehertotypewasquitelong,buthisassistanthas_____finishedit.

a. yet

b. soon

c. already

d. still

42. Economicprogresshasbeenveryslow______therecession.

a. from

b. for

c. during

d. because

43. “Wouldyouplease_____meaboutthemeeting?

a. remember

b. remind

c. prevent

d. remark

44. ThelibrariansaidIcould______upto5booksatatime.

a. lend

b. loan

c. borrow

d. toborrow

45. Weweren’tinahurrytogettheresowetookthe_____route.

a. scenery

b. scenically

c. scenic

d. scene

46. John’snewflatisgreat!It’s________decoratedinharmoniousrelaxingcolors.

a. tasty

b. taste

c. tasteful

d. tastefully

47. FossessurMeris________area

a. aheavyindustrialized

b. aheavilyindustrial

c. aheavilyindustrialized

d. anindustriallyheavy

48. Thisnewcomputerprogrammaytakesometimetolearn,butitshould_______ourworkload

eventually.

a. lighten

b. lighter

c. light

d. lightener

49. The_______mysupervisorgivesmeisalwayshelpful.

a. advices

b. advice

c. piecesofadvice

d. advise

50. Allthecomputersinthisroom_______repairing.

a. areneeding

b. needs

c. isneeding

d. need

51. Theownerwasfuriouswhenhefoundoutthatoneofhisstaff_________theday’searnings.a. hadstolen

b. steal

c. stole

d. steals

52. Esperantohasnevergainedworldwideacceptanceasalanguage______itslackofnativespeakers.a. since

b. because

c. asaresult

d. owingto

53. JaneandIwillgettothetheaterby_____.a. ourown

b. ourselves

c. themselves

d. herself

54. Women________tobebetterthanmenatmulti-tasking.

a. are

b. arebeingsaid

c. say

d. aresaid

55. Ihadtostayafterclassbecausetheprofessorwanted________withme.

a. tospeak

b. speak

c. say

d. tosay

56. Thedoctorhadsometests_____,buttheycouldn’tfindanythingwrong.

a. tobedone

b. havedone

c. done

d. do

57. Ifyoudon’tunderstand,Iwill___________you.a. explainit

b. explain

c. sayto

d. explainitto

58. ____youmindifI_____withoutyou

a. Do/went

b. Would/went

c. Would/wouldgo

d. Would/willgo

59. Ourfriendsinvitedmyhusbandand____tomeet_____fordinner.

a. I/them

b. I/him

c. me/them

d. me/us

60. I’vebeenwaitingforhours!Ihopeheshows____soon.a. up

b. down

c. out

d. on

61. You_______parkonadoubleyellowline.You’llgetaticketifyoudo.a. don’thaveto

b. needn’tto

c. shouldn’t

d. oughtto

62. Accordingtorecentsurveys,theirproductlineforteenagersisbothdependable_____affordable.a. nor

b. or

c. yet

d. and

63. Theirbosswon’tletthem______fromhomeeveniftheyhaveavalidexcuseforneedingto.

a. towork

b. work

c. working

d. worked

64. Constructionofthenewfactorybegan_____2015buthasbeenhaltedduetobudgetcuts.a. at

b. on

c. from

d. in

65. Activitiesabroadcontributedtooverhalfofthesalesand_______costs.a. operator

b. operation

c. operating

d. operated

66. Pleaseinformmeassoonasthepackage______.

a. arrived

b. willarrive

c. isarriving

d. arrives

67. Whenthechairmanlearnedmoreabouttheoffer,heturned______.

a. iton

b. onit

c. itup

d. itdown.

68. Pleasekeepaccuraterecords_____allyourexpenseswhileonabusinesstripastheywillhelpyoufileforreimbursement.

a. with

b. so

c. that

d. of

69. I’vejustmovedhereso_____peoplehereknowme.

a. few

b. little

c. less

d. many

70. Inlife,it’simportanttohavegoodfriends.Theycanhelpyou_____difficulttimes.

a. getthrough

b. getaround

c. getin

d. getby

71. IwouldhavepaidyoubackifI______youyesterday.a. saw

b. see

c. hadsaw

d. hadseen

72. Tobeacelebritymeans______noprivacy.

a. tohave

b. have

c. tohavehad

d. having

73. Mostofmydiscussionswithmyparents_____upwithalotofarguments.

a. conclude

b. terminate

c. last

d. end

74. Everyoneneedsa_____whentheyworkhardallday.a. pause

b. suspension

c. break

d. breach

75. Ithinkeveryonewill______thenewregulations.a. benefitfrom

b. profitfrom

c. takeadvantagefrom

d. takebenefitfrom

76. Youmustchangethefilterregularlyto______thevacuumcleanerworksproperly.

a. assure

b. ensure

c. insure

d. see

77. Despitethelengthynegotiations,thereweremanydisagreementsandthedeal_____.

a. fellthrough

b. felldown

c. wentthrough

d. wentdown

78. Allassignmentsmustbehandedin______theendofthemonth.

a. on

b. until

c. within

d. by

79. Wow!Youonlystartedworkingonthereportyesterday!Haveyoufinishedit______?

a. yet

b. since

c. already

d. soon

80. Allsampleswerechecked______forcontamination.

a. deeply

b. strictly

c. strongly

d. thoroughly

81. Thebuildersare_____goodprogresswiththenewhouse.a. getting

b. making

c. doing

d. taking

82. Sheshowedusalltheplans_____buildingthenewairport.

a. aboutb. towardsc. ford. to

83. Thereisa_________tothenumberofpeoplethatcantakethecablecartothetop.a. limitb. containerc. presenced. restraint

84. Theshop__________chargedMr.Jung’screditcardtwiceforthesamepurchase.

a. uniformlyb. potentiallyc. inadvertentlyd. currently

85. Ifacomputercancrackjokes,whatotherhumanactivitiescouldtheystartto___________?

a. duplicateb. replicatec. begind. make

86. Ourorbitalenvironmentis___________beautiful.

a. wonderfullyb. enormouslyc. breathtakinglyd. breathtaking

87. It’s_____toustokeepitthatway.

a. overb. upc. ford. necessary

88. Peoplearoundtheworldrely___satelliteinfrastructureforinformation,entertainmentandto

communicate.a. ofb. fromc. withd. on

89. ThecomplexwayArtificialIntelligencegrowsmakesithardtounderstandand_________tocontrol.

a. evenharder

b. moreharder

c. harderstill

d. botha.andc.

90. Nowadayscomputerscientists___________platformsthatcontrolwhatabillionpeopleseeeveryday.

a. build

b. arebuilding

c. havebuilt

d. willhavebuilt

91. ________ofthisprogresscomesfromamethodcalled“machinelearning”.

a. Much

b. Many

c. Lots

d. Any

92. Howdoyougetonwithpeople_____________time?

a. most

b. mostofthe

c. mostof

d. mostthe

93. Doyouthinkweshouldworkhard___________behappy?a. forto

b. for

c. inorderto

d. so

94. Asakid,I_____________overquestionslikethis.a. wouldpuzzle

b. waspuzzling

c. willhavepuzzled

d. havepuzzling

95. Forparticles,thereisanequivalence___________energyandparticlemass.

a. over

b. on

c. between

d. throughout

96. Cannewlydesignednuclearpowerplantscompete_____________withfossilfuels?

a. economical

b. economic

c. economy

d. economically

97. Wehavethepotentialtomakenuclearenergysaferandcheaper__________inthepast.

a. thanit’sbeen

b. thatitwas

c. thanitis

d. thatitwas

98. OurmostrecentmoveistheParistreatyandtheresultingclimateagreements_________bynations.

a. whichhavebeenratifying

b. thatarebeingratified

c. thatareratifying

d. whichhasbeenratified

99. Theimpactofwealth__________betternutrition

a. allowstopeopletoget

b. allowstogetpeoplea

c. hasallowedpeopletoget

d. hasallowedtopeopletoget

100. _________youcaninsertanentirehumangenomeintoacell,thenyoubegintoaskthequestion,

wouldyouwanttoenhanceanyofthatgenome?

a. Moreover

b. However

c. Once

d. Although

ReadingComprehension-Choosethebestanswerforeachblankorquestionbelow.Text1TheEconomistexplains-Whycancerhasnotbeencured

MEDICINEhasdoneagreatjobofreducingdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokebut(101)______with

cancer.Despiteafour-decadewaragainstthedisease,onethathascost(102)_________ofdollars,in

Americaalone1.7mpeoplearediagnosedwithit,andabout600,000dieannually.Whyhascancernotbeen

cured?

Themainreasonthatcancerhasbeensuchahardproblemtotackleisa(103)_______basicunderstanding

oftheunderlyingmolecularmechanismsthatdriveit.Thefirstmedicinestotacklecancer,chemotherapies,

(104)______duringthesecondworldwarwhenitwasdiscoveredthatpeopleexposedtonitrogenmustard,

achemicalsimilartomustardgas,had(105)______reducedwhite-blood-cellcounts.Researchers

investigatedwhetherthesecompoundscouldbeusedtohaltthegrowthof(106)_______cells,suchas

cancercells.Thusbegananeraoftestingdifferentchemicalcompoundstoseeiftheywouldkilltumours.

Newdrugswerediscoveredthatactedoncancer,butthissortofsciencewasnotparticularlyrevealing

aboutthecauseofcancerorwhythesetreatmentsoftenonlyworkedtemporarily.

(107)_______progresshasbeenmadesince.Thankstoamuchdeeperunderstandingofcellbiologyand

genetics,thereexisttodayagrowingnumberoftargetedtherapiesthathavebeendesignedatamolecular

leveltorecogniseparticularfeaturesspecificofcancercells.Alongwithchemotherapy,surgeryand

radiotherapy,thesetreatments—usedsinglyandincombination—haveledtoaslow,but(108)______,

increaseinsurvivalrates.Childhoodcancersandbreastcancersaremuchmorecurablenowthantheyused

tobe.Butthereremainsmuchwork—andresearch—tobedone:someofthemostpromisingnewcancer

medicinesaretheproductofourdeeperunderstandingofhowcancercellsmutateandescaperemovalby

thebody.Cancerisseentodaylessasadiseaseofspecificorgans,andmoreasoneofmolecular

mechanismscausedbythemutationofspecificgenes.Theimplicationofthisshiftinthinkingisthatthebest

treatmentfor,say,colorectalcancermayturnouttobedesignedandapprovedforuseagainsttumoursin

anentirelydifferentpartofthebody,suchasthebreast.

Thereisagreatdealofpromisefromanothernewtherapy,calledimmunotherapy,which(109)____the

body’sownimmunesystemtofightcancer.Ithasbeen(110)______inducinglong-termremissionsofhard-

to-treatcancersinaboutathirdofpatientsinongoingtrials.Anactiveareaofinvestigationistopredict

whichtumoursrespondtothisandothertherapiesonoffer.Theworldhasstillnotcuredthemanycancers

thatexist.Butoverthenextfivetotenyearstheeraofpersonalisedmedicinecouldseeenormousprogress

inmakingcancersurvivable.

101.a)althoughb)evensoc)lesssod)also

102.a)manymillionb)hundredsofbillionsc)moreorlessbillionsd)ahundredofbillion

103.a)lackofb)missing c)lackingof d)missingof

104.a)cameupb)havecomeupc)havecomeabout d)cameabout

105.a)importantlyb)significantc)mainlyd)significantly

106.a)dividedrapidlyb)rapidlydividedc)rapidlydividingd)dividingrapidly

107.a)Alotb)Manyc)Muchd)Muchof

108.a)regularlyb)steadyc)steadilyd)regularity

109.a)checksb)runsc)harnessesd)leashes

110.a)succeedinb)successfulinc)succeedtod)successfulto

Text2Physicistshavefoundametalthatconductselectricitybutnotheat(ScienceAlert28Jan2017)

Researchershaveidentifiedametalthatconductselectricitywithoutconductingheat-anincrediblyuseful

propertythatdefiesourcurrentunderstandingofhowconductorswork.Themetalcontradictsthe

Wiedemann-FranzLaw,whichbasicallystatesthatgoodconductorsofelectricitywillalsobeproportionally

goodconductorsofheat,whichiswhythingslikemotorsandappliancesgetsohotwhenyouusethem

regularly.

ButateamintheUShasshownthatthisisn'tthecaseformetallicvanadiumdioxide(VO2)-amaterialthat's

alreadywellknownforitsstrangeabilitytoswitchfromasee-throughinsulatortoaconductivemetalatthe

temperatureof67degreesCelsius(152degreesFahrenheit)."Thiswasatotallyunexpectedfinding,"said

leadresearcherJunqiaoWu,fromBerkeleyLab’sMaterialsSciencesDivision.

"Itshowsadrasticbreakdownofatextbooklaw…..Thisdiscoveryisoffundamentalimportancefor

understandingthebasicelectronicbehaviourofnovelconductors."Notonlydoesthisunexpectedpropertychangewhatweknowaboutconductors,itcouldalsobeincrediblyuseful-themetalcouldonedaybeused

toconvertwastedheatfromenginesandappliancesbackintoelectricity,orevencreatebetterwindow

coveringsthatkeepbuildingscool.

Researchersalreadyknowofahandfulofothermaterialsthatconductelectricitybetterthanheat,butthey

onlydisplaythosepropertiesattemperatureshundredsofdegreesbelowzero,whichmakesthemhighly

impracticalforanyreal-worldapplications.Vanadiumdioxide,ontheotherhand,isusuallyonlyaconductor

atwarmtemperatureswellaboveroomtemperature,whichmeansithastheabilitytobealotmore

practical.

Touncoverthisbizarrenewproperty,theteamlookedatthewaythatelectronsmovewithinvanadium

dioxide'scrystallattice,aswellashowmuchheatwasbeinggenerated.Surprisingly,theyfoundthatthe

thermalconductivitythatcouldbeattributedtotheelectronsinthematerialwas10timessmallerthanthat

amountpredictedbytheWiedemann-FranzLaw.Thereasonforthisappearstobethesynchronisedway

thattheelectronsmovethroughthematerial.

….Interestingly,whentheresearchersmixedthevanadiumdioxidewithothermaterials,theycould'tune'theamountofbothelectricityandheatthatitcouldconduct-whichcouldbeincrediblyusefulforfuture

applications.Forexample,whentheresearchersaddedthemetaltungstentovanadiumdioxide,they

loweredthetemperatureatwhichthematerialbecamemetallic,andalsomadeitabetterheatconductor.

Thatmeansthatvanadiumdioxidecouldhelpdissipateheatfromasystem,byonlyconductingheatwhenit

hitsacertaintemperature.Beforethatitwouldbeaninsulator.Vanadiumdioxidealsohastheuniqueability

ofbeingtransparenttoaround30degreesCelsius,butthenreflectsinfraredlightabove60degreesCelsius

whileremainingtransparenttovisiblelight.

Sothatmeansitcouldevenbeusedasawindowcoatingthatreducesthetemperaturewithouttheneedfor

airconditioning."Thismaterialcouldbeusedtohelpstabilisetemperature,"saidoneoftheresearchers,

FanYang.

"Bytuningitsthermalconductivity,thematerialcanefficientlyandautomaticallydissipateheatinthehot

summerbecauseitwillhavehighthermalconductivity,butpreventheatlossinthecoldwinterbecauseof

itslowthermalconductivityatlowertemperatures."

Alotmoreresearchneedstobedoneonthispuzzlingmaterialbeforeit'scommercialisedfurther,butit's

prettyexcitingthatwenowknowthesebizarrepropertiesexistinamaterialatroomtemperature.

111.TheWiedemann-FranzLawexplains:

a)whatgoodconductorsofelectricityare b)howconductorswork

c)whymixersgethotwhenyouusethemalot d)howtoavoidoverheating

112.Vanadiumdioxideistransparent:

a)allthetime b)atlowtemperatures c)athightemperatures d)never

113.Theword“appliances”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto:

a)applications b)engines

c)devices d)tools

114.Theword“novel”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto:

a)bizarre b)book-like c)different d)impractical

115.Theword“handful”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto:

a)alot b)toomuchtohandle c)fiveorsix d)afew

116.Theword“tune”inparagraph6isclosestinmeaningto:

a)adjust b)increase c)lower d)measure

117.Accordingtoparagraph5,electronsmovethroughthematerial:

a)randomly b)harmoniously c)haphazardly d)integratedly

118.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossibleuseforthematerial?

a)understandinghowsomeconductorswork b)keepingfoodwarm

c)keepingroomscoolinsummerd)preventingheatlossinwinter

119.Accordingtothearticle,

a)thematerialisverypractical. b)thematerialwillcostalot.

c)thematerialiscool. d)thematerialisreadytobeputonthemarket.

120.Theword“puzzling”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:

a)baffling b)explicable

c)fathomabled)interesting

Text3Whycardesignersstickwithclay:November2016adaptedfromanarticlefromtheBBCwebsitewrittenby

ByDavidKGibson.

HarleyEarl,legendaryvehiclestylistforGeneralMotorsfrom1927throughtheendofthe1950s,

revolutionizedthedesignofmass-producedautomobilesbythinkingofthecarasaworkofart—or,at

least,fashion—ratherthanapurelyutilitarianproduct.Oneofhismainweaponsinthatrevolutionwas

clay.Asculptedmodelhelpedhisclients(first,moviestarsandmillionaires,andlaterGMexecutives)

getafeelforaproposeddesigninawaythatsketchesanddiagramssimplycouldn’tcommunicate.

Butthatwasalongtimeago,andmodernautomotivedesignersnowhaveattheirdisposalcomputers,

specializeddesignsoftware,giantmonitors,large-scale3Dprinting,computerizedmillingprocesses,and

fancyvirtualrealitysetups.Yet,theautomotivedesigngodscontinuetotakehandsfulofclay,andbreathe

intothemthebreathoflife.

“Whyclay?”laughsJoeDehner,HeadofRamTruckandMoparDesignforFiatChrysler,“Iaskedthesame

questionwhenIgothere28yearsago,yetherewearedoingthesamething.Iexplainitasusinganerasable

pencilversuspermanentink,andclayletsyougobackandmakechanges.”

LloydVandenBrink,modellingmanageratFordTruckStudioinDearborn,Michigan,isabigbeliever,aswell.

“Clayhastwocharacteristicsthatmakeitgoodforuse.It’seasytochange—youjustaddit,ortakeitaway.

Itallowsyoutobecreativeandcomeupwithsomethingquickly.3Dprinting,ontheotherhand,isjustthat

—printing.”

“Secondly,it’sagreatcollaborativetool,”hecontinues.“Everyonecangetaroundit,brainstormingthree-

dimensionally.”

Thefirstthingtoknowaboutthismarvelousmediumisthatitisn’tactuallyclay.“Clayisdifferentwaxes

withsomefillerinit,”saysVandenBrink.“Thatusedtobesulfur,andmorerecentlysmallglassbeads,but

it’smostlywaxes.Honestly,it’shardtoknowexactlywhat’sinit,becausetheformulasareproprietary.”

Therearehalfadozencompaniesthatmakeplasticineclaysuitableforfull-scaledesignmodelling(afewcar

companiesmaketheirownblends),andtheydelivertheirproducttodesignshopsonflatbedtrucksbythe

pallet-load.Inatypicalyear,Fordgoesthroughabout100tonsofthestuff,formedintohard,extruded

cylindersabout3inchesindiameter.Whenadesignerisreadytobuild,alumpofitisheatedtoabout66°C

(150°F),andapplied.

Onethingthat’softenoverlookedaboutclaymodelsisthattheyaren’tsimplyoutput;claycanbeaninput

medium,aswell.TheperfectfendercurveorB-pillartransitionmaytakeshapewithafewflicksofthewrist

inclay,whiletryingtogetthatsamelevelofartistrythroughcomputerandstylusmighttakehours.And

onceit’sinclay,awholecarcanbescannedintoaCADprograminanhourandahalf.Youwon’tdothat

withastylus,oramouse,orafancy3Dheadset.

Ikeephearing,‘virtualrealityiscomingin,andisgoingtotakeawaythewholething.’Butweneedto

understandthatit’snotaneither-or,it’sahybridofallthedifferenttoolsweneedtogetwhereweneedto

go.

121.Thearticleisabout:

a) Thehistoryoftheautomotiveindustry

b) Thecontinueduseofaspecificmaterial

c) Howvirtualrealityhasrevolutionizedtheautomotiveindustry

d) Thedevelopmentofthehybridcar

122.FromthearticlewelearnthatHarleyEarlwas:

a) Acarownerb)Amoviestarc)AGMexecutived)Acardesigner

123.Accordingtothearticle,whichstatementisNOTimplied?

a) HarleyEarlintroducedtheideaofusingclaymodels

b) Heconsideredthecartobeapurelyutilitarianproductc) Hethoughtofthecarasaworkofartorfashion

d) Heneverusedsketchesanddrawings

124.Intheparagraphbeginning“Butthatwasalongtimeago…”

a) Welearnthattheautomotiveindustrynolongerusesclay

b) Clayisonlyusedbysomedesigners

c) Designersprefermodernequipment

d) Designersusemodernequipmentbutalsouseclay

125.Inthesameparagraph,theword“fancy”means:

a) sophisticatedb)specializedc)fantasyd)user-friendly

126.Accordingtothearticle,JoeDehner:

a) WorksforGMb)Usesinkinthedesignprocess

c)Sayshehasbeenusingclayformanyyearsd)NolongerworksforFiatChrysler

127.Accordingtothearticle,LloydVandenBrink:

a) Saysyoucanworkfastwithclayb)Usesamixtureof3Dprintingandclay

c)Onlyuses3Dprintingc)Saysitdoesnotworkasacollaborativetool

128.Theclayusedintheautomotiveindustry,accordingtotheauthor:

a) ispureandnotacompositematerialb)isamixtureofwaxesandfillers

c)isalwaysmadebytheautomotivefirmwhichusesitd)isheatedtoroomtemperaturebeforeuse

129.Theword“medium”intheparagraphbeginning“Onethingthat’softenoverlooked..”means:

a) middle-sizedb)averagec)aninterveningsubstanced)away

130.Asaconclusion,thearticlesays:

a) Clayistheonlymaterialwhichsuitstheautomotiveindustry’sdesigners

b) Althoughwehavesophisticatedmeansatourdisposal,claystillplaysanimportantpartinthedesign

process

c) Todesignhybridcars,designerspreferclay

d) VirtualrealitywilleventuallytakeoverandclaywillnotlongerbeneededText4Earth-LikeandNearby(LeeBillings-TheScientificAmericanAugust2016)

Itwasjustover20yearsagothatastronomers(131)______thefirstplanetsorbitingstarsotherthanour

sun.All(132)______newworldsweregas-shroudedgiantslikeJupiterorSaturnandutterlyinhospitableto

lifeasweknowit.Butforyearseachdiscoverywasdutifullyreportedasfront-pagenews,whilescientists

andthepublic(133)_____dreamedofadaywhenwewouldfindahabitableworld.AnEarth-likeplacewith

plentifulsurfacewater,neitherfrozennorvaporizedbutintheliquidstate(134)______essentialtolife.

Backthenthesafebetwastoguessthatthediscoveryofsuchaplanetwouldonlycomeaftermany

decades,andthatwhenapromisingnewworld’smistyshoresmaterializedontheothersideofour

telescopes,it(135)________toofarawayandfainttostudyinanydetail.

Evidentlythesafebetwaswrong.OnWednesdayastronomersmadethekindofannouncementthatcan

onlyoccuronceinhumanhistory:thediscoveryofthenearestpotentiallyhabitableworldbeyondoursolar

system.Thisworldmayberockylikeoursandwhirlsinatemperateorbitaroundthesun’scloseststellar

neighbor,thereddwarfstarProximaCentaurijustoverfourlight-yearsaway.Theirfindings(136)_________

inastudyinNature.

Althoughtechnicallystillconsidereda“candidate”planetawaitingverification,mostastronomersconsulted

forthisstorybelievetheworldtobethere.Scarcelymorethantheplanet’sorbitalperiodandapproximate

massareknown,butthatisenoughtosendshiversdownspines.ProximaCentaurishineswithonlyabouta

thousandthofoursun’sluminosity,meaning(137)______life-friendlyplanetswouldhavetohuddleclose.

Thenewfoundworld,christened“Proximab”byscientists,residesinan11.2-dayorbitwherewater—and

thusthekindoflifeweunderstand—couldconceivablyexist.Anditislikelytobelittlemorethanonethird

(138)_______Earth,suggestingitoffersasolidsurfaceonwhichseasandoceanscouldpool.Inafeatof

discoverythatcouldreshapethehistoryofscienceandhumandreamsofinterstellarfutures,ourspecies

hasuncoveredapotentiallyhabitableplanetrightnextdoor.

“Succeedinginthesearchforthenearestterrestrialplanet(139)______thesolarsystemhasbeenan

experienceofalifetime,andhasdrawnonthededicationandpassionofanumberofinternational

researchers,”saysthestudy’sleadauthorGuillemAnglada-Escude,anastronomeratQueenMaryUniversity

ofLondonwhospearheadedtheobservations.“Wehopethesefindingsinspirefuturegenerationstolook

beyondthestars.Thesearch(140)______lifeonProximabcomesnext.”

131.a)foundb)havefoundc)willfindd)find

132.a)thisb)thatc)themd)these

133.a)mustb)alikec)againd)had

134.a)suchb)soc)tood)very

135.a)wouldprovedb)provec)provedd)wouldprove

136.a)reportb)reportingc)arereportedd)arereporting

137.a)ab)anyc)somed)afew

138.a)moreheavythatb)heaviestthanc)heavierthatd)heavierthan

139.a)beyondb)overc)upd)under

140.a)ofb)forc)ond)at