commun ication

8/4/2019 commun ication

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communication

Organizational,

Interpersonal, andGroup Communication


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Communication

Defined as the exchange

of meanings between

and among individualsthrough a shared system

of symbols (verbal and

nonverbal) that have the

same meaning for both

the sender and the

receiver of the message

(Vestal, 1995)


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Channels of

Communication

Upward

allow employee input staff satisfaction high

supervisor passes up

bias and filtering

increase as informationpasses upward

staff meetings,

suggestion box

Downward

traditional

primarily directive satisfaction less for

subordinate

employee handbook,

reports, job descriptions


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Variables Affecting

Organizational Communication

Spatial distance

Different subgroups orsubcultures

Differing authority and

work structures Organizations are in a

constant state of flux


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Organizational Communication

Strategies Understand the structure of the

organization.

Communication is not a one-waychannel.

Keep communication clear, concise,and simple.

Sender should seek feedback

regarding accuracy. Use multiple communication

methods.

Dont overwhelm with unnecessaryinformation.


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The Communication

Process

Internal Climate

Values

Feelings

Temperament

Stress levels of

sender and receiver

External Climate

Weather conditions

Temperature

Timing

Organizational climate Status, power, andauthority as barriers tomanager-subordinate

communication


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Communication Modes

1. Written

communication2. Verbal

communication

3. Nonverbalcommunication


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Grapevine Communication

Flows haphazardly among people

at all levels of the hierarchy and

usually involves 3 to 4 people at a

time

Subject to error and distortion

because of the speed at which it

passes

Sender has little formal

accountability for the accuracy of

the message


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Telephone Communication

Rapid

Allows receiver toclarify message attime it is received

Does not, however,allow the receipt ofnonverbal messagesfor either the senderor the receiver


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Guidelines for Writing

Effective Memos Memos should make the main

point in the beginning.

Only essential informationshould be included in thememo.

The memo should be written

simply, without inflated orauthoritarian language.

Headings should be used in thememo to direct the reader to

specific issues.


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Listening

The average person spends

70% of his or her time

listening, but only 33% ofmessages are retained.

Good listening skills are as

important as good verbal skills

to the manager.

Good listening skills take

ongoing effort.


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Nonverbal Communication

Clues Space

Environment

Outward appearance

Eye contact

Body posture

Gestures

Facial expression

Timing


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Interpersonal Communication

Other interpersonal

communication skills

Nonverbal

communication

Assertive

communication Listening skills


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Assertive Communication

A way of

communicating that

allows people toexpress themselves

in direct, honest,

and appropriateways that do not

infringe on another

persons rights


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Passive Communication

Occurs when a

person suffers in

silence, althoughhe or she may feel

strongly about the

issue Nonassertive


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Aggressive Communication

Expressing oneselfin a direct and

often hostilemanner thatinfringes onanother persons

rights

Generally orientedto winning at all

costs


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Passive-Aggressive

Communication An aggressive

message presented

in a passive way

Limited verbal

with incongruentnonverbalbehavior


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Misconceptions and Myths

about Assertiveness All behavior is either assertive or

passive.

To get what you want, all you have todo is be assertive.

Being assertive will:

Increase the odds of getting what youwant

Increase your self-esteem To be assertive is to be aggressive.

Assertiveness is unfeminine.

Assertive communication is rude orinsensitive.


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Virtual Communication

Electronic mail

Fax Teleconferencing

Pagers

Internet CD-ROM

Networked systems


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Confidentiality

Confidentiality is

expected regarding

sensitive personalcommunications

between managers

and subordinates.

Computerized

patient records

require

confidentiality.

commun ication

Documents