Communication Process of creating meaning though symbolic interaction Process of sending/receiving messages

Verbal Nonverbal

Characteristics of Communication Cannot not communicate Irreversible Learned Process/Continuous

One thing depends on other-Previous knowledge Not individual act

Symbolic-symbols & rules make communication possible Arbitrarily assigned

Interactive process where people exchange & interpret messages with one another

1. Source or sender

2. Encoding-thoughts messages Language, sentences, structure thoughts, ideas…

3. Message-content being communicated

4. Channel-medium of message Phone, television, air, computer

5. Receiver-recipient / target or intended audience processes messages through their frame of reference interpretation influenced by the receiver’s frame of

reference

6. Decoding-interpretation (message- thoughts)

7. Feedback- response

Note* The following 2 can occur at any point during the communication process.

Noise-interference or interruptions Internal External

Context- purpose, time and place, social, political and economic atmosphere, physical setting, etc.

Communication Model

Communication as Transaction

• Communication also happens simultaneously.

• Sender also receives message.

• Receiver also sends message.

Communication is often described according to the number of people involved

• 1-Dyadic Communication

• 2-Small Group Communication

• 3-Mass Communication between speaker & large audience of unknown people receivers not present mediated lacks instant feedback/interaction

• 4-Public Speaking speaker delivers message with specific purpose audience present opportunity for feedback

Formal

Allows for instant feedback

Planned and prepared

Audience centered

Cultural sensitivity important in PS

Context important in PS environment/situation in which speech occurs

1. Career benefits

• Corporations want skilled speakers: to adapt information, to be organized, and to keep listeners interested.

• Communication: top skills ought by employers.

2. Personal benefits Helps achieve personal goals (empowerment) Allows you to influence Allows you to share values-different perspectives introduced

because of it Improves critical thinking and listening skills Shows confidence and conviction

3. Educational benefits

Oratory, rhetoric, public speaking-began in Greece (Aristotle, Socrates) Sophists (travelling speech teachers) contributed to early

form of democracy by teaching citizens of Greece to claim ownership of properties through public debates.

Greek rhetoricians, such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle laid foundation for public debates in the democratic process of government

Ancient Egypt, China, India-public speaking viewed as important way to persuade rulers of empires to engage in social change in order to maintain stability and prosperity.

5 parts to the process of preparing a speech according to ancient Greeks

Canons of Rhetoric

1-Invention-adapting speech information to audience in order to make case

2-Arrangement-organization of speech

3-Style-use of language to express ideas

4-Memory-practice of the speech for delivery

5-Delivery-vocal and nonverbal behavior used during speaking

15th Century –

Public speaking used mostly by clergy

18th Century –Public speaking used by American patriots to promote

independence

19th Century –Public speaking plays role in abolition and suffrage

movements

21st Century –Technology & media revolutionize how people communicate

Analyzing a Communication EventConsider a recent communication event from

your life-asking a friend for favor, trying to persuade your employer that you were deserving of a raise, or resolving a relationship conflict. Identify the seven communication components within the event and explain how they contributed to the success or failure of the communication event. Be prepared to discuss your thoughts and feelings in class.