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PMexpresseshappinessonsuccessofUjjwala Yojana

ThePrimeMinisterShriNarendraModihasexpressedhappinessasnumberofbeneficiariesofUjjwala Yojana crossed2.5Crore.

"Ujjwala Yojana continuestoexpanditsreach!Extremelydelightedthattodaythenumberofbeneficiariescrossed2.5crore.

Hon’blePresidentofIndiapresentsthe2.5Croreth PMUYconnectionatRaghunathgunj,Murshidabad,WestBengal

2ndlargestUjjwala ConnectionsgiveninWestBengal,afterUttarPradesh (55L)

(PMUY)aimstoprovideLPGconnectionsto5CroreBPLhouseholdsby2019andisapartoflargerprogramofadding10CrorenewLPG

connectionsby2019

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas is implementing the scheme

In the financial year 2016-17, Oil Marketing Companies have given 3.25 Cr new connections across the country. This is the highest ever LPG connections released in any given year. In the current fiscal PMUY connections have been presented so far to women beneficiaries from across the country, taking the

total number of active LPG consumers to 20.7 Crores.

LPG demand in the country has registered a growth rate of more than 33% during last three years.

Co-operatives are business organizations owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefit.

Amul istrademarkofGujaratco-operativesofmilkproductandconsideredasthebiggestco-operativesofIndiatoday

IndianFarmersFertiliserCooperativeLimitedKeralaCo-operativeMilkMarketingFederation (KCMMF)

IndianFarmersFertiliserCooperative(IFFCO).

National Cooperative Development Corporation releases Rs.28771.31 crore in the year 2014-17 compared to Rs.15143.76 crore in the year

2011-14: Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Minister

UnionAgricultureandFarmersWelfareMinisterShri Radha Mohan SinghsaidthattheIndian cooperative movement hassustaineditselfasone of

the biggest cooperative movements in the world.

TheMinisterofStateforAgriculture&FarmersWelfareandPanchayatiRajShriParshottam Rupala

Cooperativesocietiesfacilitatedthewayoffarmersbyprovidingthemwiththeinputslikeloan,fertilisersandseeds:ShriSingh

Indian cooperatives firmly established themselves in many sectors of the economy like dairy, banking, sugar, fertilisers, marketing, handloom, fisheries

and construction: Shri Radha Mohan Singh

There are more than 7 lakh cooperatives in the country, which extends from village level committees to national level co-operative organisations. The

cooperatives membership is over 40 crores and it includes about 97% villages and 71% rural households.

Today, 16.9 per cent of agricultural cooperation, 29 percent of fertiliser production, 40 percent of sugar production, and 54 percent of weavers’

cooperatives etc. are being contributed to the Indian economy.

Essay

What are co-operatives and discuss the challenges that a co-operative faces in a country like India and comment on the strategies of some successful co-operatives and

failures also ?

A B C D E

A - 50%B - 20%C - 10%D - 10%E – 10%

A B C D E

A - 50%B - 20%C - 10%D - 10%E – 10%

1.Easytoform

Formationofa creditco-operativesociety issimplerthananyotherbusinessorganisations.Anytenormoreadultscanjointogethertoformthesocietyandevenregistrationissimpleandeasy.Notmuchlegalformalitiesarerequiredtomaintainforitsformation.

2.Limitedliability

Mostly,theliabilityofmembersislimitedtotheextentofcapitalcontributedtothesocietybytherespectivemembers.Thisway,ifthesocietysuffersfinancialloss,themembersdon’thavetobearthefearoflosingtheirprivateproperty.

3.Nomembershipobstruction

Unlessparticularlydebarred,themembershipofsuchsocietyisopenforeveryone.Thereisnoobstructiononthebasisofcolour,caste,creed,sexorreligion.Anypersoncananytime,jointhesocietyandbecomethemember.

4.Economicoperations

Inacreditco-operativesociety,thereisaneliminationofthemiddlemenwhichiswhytheoperationscarriedoutbythesocietyareeconomical.Atminimumcost,themiddlemen’sservicesareprovidedbythemembersofthesociety.Also,therecurringandnonrecurring

expensesarealsoveryless.

5.Democraticmanagement

A creditco-operativesociety isexclusivelymanagedbyelectedmembersamongthemselves.Allofthemhaveequalrightsinallthemannersandtheycanalsotakepartactivelyintheformationoramendmentsofthesocietypolicies.Thisway,allthemembersareequally

importanttothecreditco-operativesociety.

6.Themainmotiveofservice

Membersareprovidedwiththebestfinancialservicesatreasonableprices.Thesocietyalsocatersfinancialhelptotheirmembersatminimalrates.Theyhelptheirmemberssetuptheproductionunits.Forexample,theyhelptheirfarmermembersfortheiragricultural

products.

Functionalityofco-operativesocieties:·Aimtoprovideservicesandsupplies(goods)

·Seektopreventtheexploitationofsociety’sweakermembers·Aimtoexcludeunnecessaryprofitsofmiddlemenin

commerceandtrade·Ultimatelyprotecttherightsofpeopleasboth,producersand

consumers

Thefirstthingcooperativesocietiesdotoindividual members isdevelopmentof savings culture.

Savingsculturemeans,irrespectiveofhowmuchyouearntoday,andyourneeds,youputsomethingasidefortomorrow,orinvest,tomakeadditional

income.This,however,isagreatchallengeformanypeople,especiallyforlowincomepeople,whoseneedsarefarmorethanwhattheyearn.

Asamemberofacooperative,youmustcontributeregularly,mosttimesmonthly.Thecontributionisusuallydeductedfromyourincome,beforeyouevenreceiveit.So,irrespectiveofyourneeds,yousavecompulsory.Also,becausethemoneyisnotwithineasyreach,youcannoteasilyaccessitto

spend.

Thesecondthingyoubenefitfromcooperative asanindividualisaccesstoloanseitherincashorintheformofgoods.Yourcontributionsserveas

collateralandfellowcontributorsareacceptedasguarantors.Also,theinterestrateandrepaymenttermsarenotcrushingasthatofthebanks.Thiseasy

accesstoloanshashelpedmanypeopleachieveimproved welfare.

Dr. Verghese Kurien wasdesperatetomakemilkpowder.Duringthewinterseasonhewouldhavealotofexcessmilkonhishandwhichhecouldnotmarketanywhere.Hewantedtoconvertitintopowdertobeusedlaterintheleanseason.Almostall

themilkcollectedbyAmul wasbuffalomilk.ThismilkwasgoodformakingtraditionalmilkproductslikeKhawa ,Gulabjamun ,Lassi ,Dahi ,Paneerbutpoorformakingpowder.HeandhistechnicalwizardMr. H.M. Dalaya (Harichand Megha

Dalaya )setaboutexperimentingwithbuffalomilk.

WithasecondhandpowdermakingplanttheywereabletodemonstratetoUNICEFthatmakingmilkpowderfrombuffalomilkwaspossible(byoperatinginthe

narrowoperationbandasdescribedabove).Mr. Dalaya then went to Denmark and by the next year developed a machine called as Niro Atomizer specially for buffalo milk

. Making powder from buffalo milk was now a dream realised .

Overtheyears,technologyhas advancedandtodaywithprocesseslikehomogenization,multiplestageevaporatorsmakingofmilkpowderfrombuffalo

milkhas becameamuchsimplerprocess.

Milk Powder RevolutionTheopinionofexpertstheworldoverwasthatitwasnotpossibletomakemilkpowderfromBuffalomilk.AnexpertinDairyScienceDr.WilliamRiddet fromNewZealandalsoopinedas

such.

Theprocessofmilkpowdermakingessentiallyis1.Evaporationof watertoproducecondensed(thick)milk

2.Convertingthethickmilkintomilkpowderbysprayingitinveryhotairchamber.

Thoughcowmilkandbuffalomilkaresimilarinchemical content ,thereisonemajordifferenceinthenatureofproteins.Theproteincontentinbuffalomilkisalmost15 percent

higher thanthatincowmilk.Buffalomilkisalsomoreviscousascomparedtocowmilk.

Thesetwoabovefactorspresenttremendousproblemsinmakingpowderfrombuffalomilk.Themilk is more viscous ( thick ) sothenozzleswouldjam,ontheotherhand,ifyoumadethenozzleholesbigger,youwillhavetocorrespondinglyhavemoretemperatureinthechambertodrythemilkdropsasthedrops would be bigger .Withhightemperature,the

proteinsinmilkwouldlosetheirproperties(protein denaturation process ).Oncethishappens,thepowderwouldnotdissolveproperlyinwater.(Thishappenswithmilkpowderwhichhasrunoutofitsshelflifetoo.Whenyoumixitwithwater,alotofitgoesandsitsatthebottom.)Ifyoukeepthetemperaturelow,powderitselfwouldnotform.Soitwasaverynarrowbandwhereyoucouldoperatetomake powder from buffalo milk and this was considered

commercially non viable . Thiswasthetechnicalchallenge.

Aavin,thetrademarkofthe TamilNaduCo-operativeMilkProducers'FederationLimited isaTamilNadubasedmilkproducer'sunion.

TheTamilNaduCooperativeMilkProducers’Federation(Aavin)issettoachieveitsproductiontargetthroughits freemilch cowsdistribution

scheme.

Ruralfolkaregivenfreeownershipofexotic,high- yieldingbreedcowsworthRs 30,000 each under the scheme.Womenfolk,whowereoncetoiledinthefieldforadailywageofRs 100toRs 120arenowproud

ownersofcow.

Besidesprocuringmilk,Aavin hasbeenprovidingveterinaryservices,atthedoorstepsandcreatesawarenessamongthefarmers.

The Constitution (Ninety Seventh Amendment) Act 2011 relating to the co-operatives is aimed to encourage economic activities of cooperatives

which in turn help progress of rural India.

It is expected to not only ensure autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives, but also the accountability of the management to the

members and other stakeholders.

Reasons of Failure of Cooperative Sector

1. Dormant membership and lack of active participation of members

2. Accumulation of loans (NPAs) in cooperative credit institution3. Too much dependence on Government help

4. Lack of professionalism in management of affairs5. Red tape, Bureaucratic control and interference in the

management6. Political interference

IFFCOIndianFarmersFertiliser CooperativeLimited,alsoknownasIFFCO,istheworld’slargestfertiliser cooperativefederationbasedinIndiawhichis

registeredasaMultistateCooperativeSociety.

• IFFCOisnowthebiggestco-opintheworldbyturnoveronGDPpercapita,reaching40millionfarmerswith36,000memberco-ops•Duringthe1960sthecooperativesectorinIndiawasresponsibleforthedistributionof70 per cent of the fertilisers consumed inthecountry.Thissectorhadadequateinfrastructuretodistributefertilisers buthadnoproductionfacilitiesofitsownandhencewasdependentonpublic/privatesectorsforsupplies.

Toovercomethisdifficultyandtobridgethedemandsupplygapinthecountry,a new cooperative society was conceived to specifically cater to the

needs of farmers. It was a unique venture in which the farmers of the country through their own cooperative societies created this new institution

to safeguard their interests.

37thinFortuneIndia’s500largestcompanies.

IFFCOhasamultinationalpresencewithdiversificationsinsectorslikegeneralinsurance,agro-chemicals,ruraltelephony,farmforestry,

internationaltrading,seeds,ruralretailande-commerce

Sothestorygoeslikethis.Backin1959,inanoldresidentialbuildinginGirgaum(SouthBombay),7Gujaratiwomengatheredontheterraceanddecidedtostart

aventuretoearnalivelihood.Theirskill:cooking.

ThewomenborrowedRs 80 from Chhaganlal Karamsi Parekh,amemberoftheServantsofIndiaSocietyandasocialworker.Theytookoveraloss-makingpapadmakingventurebyoneLaxmidasbhai andboughtthenecessaryingredientsandthebasicinfrastructurerequiredtomanufacturepapads.On15March1959,

theygatheredontheterraceoftheirbuildingandstartedwiththeproductionof4packetsofPapads.Andthat'show ShriMahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad,or

popularlyknownasLijjat Papad,wasborn.

TodayLijjat hasmorethan40,000members.62branchesacross17states.

TheannualturnoverofapproximatelyRs.650crore.

CICorganisedseminaronLandRecordsandRTIAct,2005

TheCentralInformationCommission(CIC)organisedaseminaron“Land Records and Right to Information (RTI) Act 2005”,heretoday.Addressingtheseminar,ChiefInformationCommissioner

Shri Radha Krishna Mathur saidthatalmosthalfoftheRTIqueriesreceivedbytheStateInformationCommissionsrelate

toLandRecords.

HesaidLand Resources primarily being a State subject,itisincumbentupontheStateGovernmentstoputoutinformationonLandRecordsin

thepublicdomain.

LandissuesareattheheartofadministrativeIndiaandmajorityofcrimesinthesocietyarerelatedtolanddisputes.Hesaidthatthedigitizationof

LandRecordswillbringaboutclarityinlandholdings,therebyhelpreducecriminalcases,cutpendencyofcourtcasesandalsoresultinhuge

savingstothepublicexchequer.

Integrated Land Information Management System isunderimplementationwhichwillserveasasinglewindowdatabaseforthevariousstakeholderssuchasthelandowner(s)andcivicagenciesandlinkingthisdatabasewith

theAadhar number willeventuallyeliminatebenami transactions.

Almost 66% court cases in the country are related to land disputes costing a whopping Rs.58,000 crore in litigation, both

civil and criminal. Land Records digitization can help accelerate India’s GDP by as

much as 1.3%.

MSDEcelebratesSecondAnniversaryofSkillIndiaMission

MinistryofSkillDevelopmentandEntrepreneurship(MSDE)heretodaycelebratedthesecondanniversaryofSkillIndiaMissionon

theWorldYouthSkillsday

MSDEhadlaunchedtheSKILLINDIACampaignontheoccasionofthefirsteverWorldYouthSkillsDayon15thJuly2015

Morethan32000 companies pledgedsupporttoapprenticeshiptrainingforSkillIndiaMissionundertheNational

ApprenticeshipPromotionScheme(NAPS).

MSDEalsoannouncedthelaunchedofNationalApprenticeshipPromotionScheme(NAPS)inBFSI Sector

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) announced a national training Programme to certify GST

practitioners under its flagship scheme of Pradhan MantriKaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY).

This would facilitate the country’s transition to the new tax regime seamless and convenient. Total 100 GST training centres

across the nation were launched along with the training curriculum.

In line with the commitment of opening one Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) in each district, additional 51 PMKK were announced

across India counting to 200 in total till date.

Staying true to Shri Narendra Modi’s commitment to promote yoga, MSDE also launched 100 yoga training centres on the occasion.

MSDEalsolaunchedTakshashila - aportalfortrainersandassessorsthatwouldracktheirtraininglife-cycleandwouldfunctionasthe

centralrepositoryofinformationconcerningthedevelopmentoftheirqualitybenchmarksintheIndianskilleco-system

MoRD ismandatedtobuild1crorehousesby2019

Theworld'slargestvocationalskillscompetitionisscheduledinAbuDhabifrom14to19October2017