Core Concepts of Geoinformatics: introdcution

Gilberto CamaraNational Institute for Space Research, BrazilInstitut für Geoinformatik, Univ Münster

The motivation for “big data”

source: Louis Perrochon (Google)

Is the scientific method obsolete?

social network

sensors everywhere

mobile devices

ubiquitous imagery

Mobile devices, crowdsourcing, massive Earth observation sets: new technologies, new challenges

Data-intensive Geoinformatics = principles and applications of spatial information science for handling large and complex data sets

Geoinformatics enables crucial links between nature and society

Nature: Physical equations Describe processes

Society: Decisions on how to Use Earth´s resources

Scientists and Engineers Photo 51(Franklin, 1952)

Scientists build in order to studyEngineers study in order to build

Stuart Feldman, VP Engineering, Google, Unicamp 2011

The rôle and duties of a software engineer

Fred Brooks, “No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering”. IEEE Computer, 1987

“The essence of a software entity is a construct of interlocking concepts: data sets, relationships among data items, algorithms, and invocations of functions. The hard part of building software is the specification, design, and testing of this conceptual construct, not the labor of representing it and testing the fidelity of the representation. Building software will always be hard.”

Challenges for GI software architects

Classical view of software development

Concepts +Types +

Algorithms +Data Structures +

Data Sources +Custom programs =

Systems for solvingreal-life problems

GI Engineering needs

Core concepts of spatial information (Kuhn, IJGIS, 2012)

location neighborhood

network

field object

event

Geometry

Cellular SpaceSocial Network

Object

Core concepts as abstract data types

Coverage

Time Series Trajectory Event

Agent

200 2

2010

2014

From Analogue spaces to digital spaces

Hic sunt leones et dragones

Hic sunt leones et dragones

fonte: Carlos Nobre

Hic sunt leones et dragones

Digital space: Images

Digital space: Flows in networks

1991

iex

Digital space: Social exclusion in São Paulo

2000

Digital space: Crime mapping in Porto Alegre

Homicide risk in São Paulo – 2003

Digital space: Deforestation

Ontologies of digital space

What Geoinformatics is about

Computational representations of geographical space