Government at a Glance 2015

Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

Sweden has been one of the best fiscal performerssince the start of the global crisis in 2008

Whereas in 2007, government debt (according to the System of National Accounts definition) as a percent-age of GDP was 45.3%, it had increased by 5.9 percentage points in 2014, reaching 51.2%. This was the smallest increase for OECD countries with available information where debt increased (all but one). Addi-tionally, in 2014 the deficit reached 1.9 as a percentage of GDP (0.7% structural deficit), significantly below the OECD average of 4.2% (3.1% structural deficit).

Chapter 2: Public finance and economics

General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDPGeneral government gross debt as a percentage of GDPGeneral government structural balance as a percentage of potential GDP

Sweden leads the OECD in terms of public sector gender equality

In 2015, Sweden had the highest share of female members of parliament (43.6%) in the OECD and the sec-ond highest share of female ministers (52%). In the public sector more broadly, women are strongly over-represented. In 2013, 72% of all public sector employees were women, which was the highest share within the OECD. For the same year, at 47.6% the share of women in the total workforce was among the highest in the OECD, demonstrating a level close to parity.

Chapter 3: Public employment and compensation

Share of public sector employment filled by women and menShare of women parliamentarians and legislated gender quotas

A challenge for Sweden is the decline in the quality of its school system

Among all OECD member countries, Sweden experienced the strongest fall of PISA test scores between 2003 and 2012 (e.g. 30 points in mathematics). Whereas it ranked above OECD average in 2003 (e.g. 509 in mathematics vs an OECD average of 496), it fell below OECD average in all tested subjects (e.g. 478 in mathematics vs an OECD average of 494) although spending per student is well above the OECD average: 101 155 USD PPP cumulative expenditure per student in Sweden compared to 86 872 USD PPP on average in the OECD in 2011. In addition, citizens’ satisfaction with the education system decreased from 71% in 2007 to 64% in 2014.

Chapter 11 Core government results

Performance in 2012 PISA scores and cumulative expenditure per studentLife expectancy at birth and total expenditures on health per capita

Chapter 12: Serving Citizens

Evolution of PISA mean score in mathematicsCitizens’ satisfaction with the education system

Sweden

Government revenues(2013, 2014)

Government expenditures(2013, 2014)

Government gross debt *(2013, 2014)

% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP

Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts

G@G /dataG@G /data

-15% -10% 0%-5% +5% +10% +15%

Sweden

-4.2%-1.9%

2013 2013

-1.4%

2014

Fiscal balance *(2013, 2014)

% of GDP

Public investment(2013, 2014)

% of of total govt. expenditures

How to read the figures:

Sweden

Country value in blue (not represented if not available)

Average of OECD countries in green

Range of OECD country values in grey

Public Finance & Economics Public Employment & Compensation

Public Finance and Economics

GOVERNMENT INPUTS: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES

29.3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

52.5%Sweden

20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

2013

41.9%

53.0%(2014)

53.3%(2013)

Sweden

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

2013

7.8%

8.5%(2014)

8.4%(2013)

Sweden

44.6%

2013

51.2% 100%

0%2014

109.3%100%

0% 2013

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%

Sweden

Source: OECD National Accounts. * See Notes

Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to

data not available

Source: OECD/Eurostat National Accounts* SNA definition, see Notes

Public Employment and Compensation

G@G /data

58.0%

71.8%Sweden

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Public sector employment filled by women (2013)

Source: International Labour Organization (database)

Share of women ministers(2015)

Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database

Public sector employmentas % of total employment (2013)

Source: International Labour Organization (database)

21.3%

28.1%Sweden

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

2013

37.7%

51.1%(2014)

51.9%(2013)

Sweden

GOVERNMENT PROCESSES

Institutions Regulatory Governance Public Procurement Public Sector Integrity Digital Government

Digital Gov.

High Moderate Low

30%59%11%

n.a.Sweden

G@G /data

Level ofinfluence of the

Centre of Governmentover line ministries

(2013)

Institutions

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Centre of Government

Women in Government

Primary lawsSubordinateregulations

Stakeholder engagement to inform o�cials about the problem and

possible solutions

Primary lawsSubordinateregulations

Consultation on draft regulations or proposed rules

For some primary laws

For all primary laws

3%15%65%15%2%

6%9%

62%23%0%

68%6%

18%6%2%

For major subordinate regulations

For all primary laws /subordinate regulations

For major primary laws /subordinate regulations

For some primary laws /subordinate regulations

NeverNotapplicable

For some subordinate regulations

53%18%24%5%0%

Sweden

G@G /data

Source: OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook (forthcoming)

Stakeholder engagement and consultation (2014)

Regulatory Governance

Strategic public procurement - Objectives(2014)

G@G /data

Public Procurement

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

29.0%

50%

31.0%

Sweden

Source: OECD National Accounts

Procurement expenditure(2013)

% of government expenditures

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Public Procurement

Public Sector Integrity

2632

64

44

Judicial Branch “At risk” areasLegislative BranchExecutive Branch

Low level

Medium level

High level

2329

5451

SwedenSwedenSwedenSweden

Level of disclosure of private interestsacross branches of government

(2014)

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection

0.58

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0.24Sweden

OURdata Index:Open, Useful, ReusableGovernment Data (2014)

Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data

Support for greenpublic procurement

A strategy / policy has been developed by some procuring entities

A strategy / policy has been developed at a central level

Support forSMEs

Support for innovativegoods and services

13 26 1

A strategy / policy has been rescinded

A strategy / policy has never been developed

2 10 25 0 3 10 23 0 3

Sweden

GOVERNMENT OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES

Notes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Structural fiscal balance, or underlying balance, represents the fiscal balance adjusted for the state of the economic cycle (as measured by the output gap which resulted as the dif ference between actual and potential GDP) and one-off fiscal operations. Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt. Government gross debt for Sweden is reported on an adjusted basis (i.e. excluding unfunded pension liabilities).

Core Government Results and Service Delivery

Out of pocket expenditure as a % of final household consumption Access to healthcare (2012)

Source: OECD Health Statistics 2014

Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2014)

71%

Judicial system

Education system

78%

20

40

60

80

100

Health care

67%64%

54%69%

National government42%56%

Sweden

Average

Range

Source: Gallup World Poll

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

SwedenTop10%

0.7%

Bottom10%

3.8%

Top10%

Bottom10%

-1.6% -0.8%

Changes in household disposable income,by income group (2007-2011)

Source: OECD Income Distribution Database

Limited government powers(2014)

Sweden0.88

0.76

[0.37-0.92]

Source: The World Justice Project

Equity in learning outcomes (2012)PISA mathematics score variance by socio economic background

14.8%

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

10.6%Sweden

Source: OECD, PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity, 2013

% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction

Government at a Glance 2015With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2015 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the

goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances

and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on services to

citizens in health care, education, and justice. Government at a Glance 2015 also includes indicators on key governance and public management

issues, such as regulatory management, budgeting practices and procedures, public sector integrity, public procurement and core government

results in terms of trust in institutions, income redistribution and efficiency and cost-effectiveness of governments.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2015-en

The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2015 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:

For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

2.8%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%

3.3%Sweden