BDwbU 5 Mvfx cvjb

mycÖvPxbKvj †_‡K gvbyl Mvfx cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| cÖvPxb †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv, wgkixq I fviZxq

mf¨Zvi weeiY †_‡K Rvbv hvq, RxweKv wn‡m‡e mgvRe× gvby‡li mf¨Zvq cïcvjb mgv „Z

wQj| K…wli AMÖMwZ I weKv‡ki mv‡_ cïcvjb, Mvfx cvjb A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| AvR‡Ki we‡k¦

†hLv‡bB K…wl weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q Mvfxi ya Drcv`b I e¨envi †mLv‡bB wkí wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv

jvf K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k cïcvjb GKwU cÖvPxb †ckv| wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ †ckv I RxweKvi g‡Zv GwU

†Zgbfv‡e weKwkZ nq wb| Aek¨ weMZ K‡qK eQi hver Mvfx cvjb I y» Lvgvi cÖwZôvq

gvby‡li g‡a¨ wKQyUv mvov j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cïm¤ú` Awa`߇ii GK

wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡k cÖvq 30 nvRvi e¨vw³gvwjKvbvaxb cvwievwiK y» Lvgvi

(homestead dairy farm) cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b `y»eZx Mvfxi msL¨v cÖvq 60 j¶| weMZ

1983-Õ84 mv‡ji K…wl ïgvwii Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK G Mvfx¸‡jvi g‡a¨ kZKiv gvÎ 5wU DbœZ

Rv‡Zi, †hgb- nj‡÷Bb-wd«wRqvb, Rvwm©, kvwnIqvj, wmwÜ cªf…wZ| evwK meB AbybœZ †Rey

UvB‡ci †`kx Mvfx hv‡`i ya Drcv`b ¶gZv AZ¨šÍ Kg| wKš‘ Giv Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek I cvjb

c×wZ‡Z †ek †UKmB| A_P ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z jvjbcvjb I cÖRbb Kiv‡j G‡`i Drcv`b

¶gZv AviI e„w× cv‡e| d‡j Lvgvwii Avq-†ivRMviI †e‡o hv‡e|

GB BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V Mvfxi evm ’vb I cwiPh©v, Lv`¨, ¯v¯’ m¤§Z jvjbcvjb I

†ivMcÖwZ‡iva c×wZ cÖf…wZ wel‡q ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiKmn we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV 5.1 Mvfxi evm ’vb I cwiPh©v

GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

Mvfxi evm¯’vb Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi Ni ˆZwii kZ© ‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

N‡i cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi cwigvY wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi cwiPh©v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfx cwiPh©vi wewfbœ †KŠkj¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi evm¯’vb

Mvfxi evm¯’vb‡K †Mvkvjv e‡j| G‡`‡k †Mvqvj NiI ejv nq| Avi hviv Mvfx cvjb K‡i y‡ai

e¨emv K‡ib Zv‡`i‡K †Mvqvjv e‡j| Kv‡RB †Mvqvj Ni ev †Mvkvjv, †Mvqvjv I `y‡ai g‡a¨

GKwU m¤úK© we`¨gvb| GLv‡b Mvfx n‡”Q †Kw›`ªK RxešÍ e ‘| ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z yÕwU cš’vq

Mvfx cvjb Kiv nq, h_vÑ 1. Pvibf‚wg‡Z Miæ Piv‡bvi gva¨‡g I 2. †Mvkvjvq †eu‡a †i‡L Lv`¨

cwi‡ekb I gjg Î wb®‹vk‡bi gva¨‡g| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Gi †Kv‡bvwUB weKwkZ nqwb| GRb¨

†Mvkvjv ev †Mvqvj N‡i Mvfx cÖwZcvjbB G‡`‡k Mvfx cvj‡bi c×wZ wn‡m‡e mgvw ªZ| G

†Mvkvjv evwoi AbwZ` ‡i (45-60 wgUvi) GKwU DuPz RvqMvq wbg©vY Kiv †kªq, hv‡Z yM©Ü I

Miæi gjg~Î †_‡K gvby‡li mgm¨v m„wó bv nq| †Mvkvjvi RvqMv wbe©vP‡b PviwU wel‡qi cÖwZ „wó

†`qv cª‡qvRb, h_v- 1. h_vh_ b`©gv I cqtcÖbvjxi e¨e¯’v, 2. †jvKvjq †_‡K ~‡i ’vcb Kiv

3. DËi`w¶YgyLx nIqv I 4. Pvibf‚wgi myweav ev Mvfx evB‡i Avbv-†bqvi myweav _vKv| Gici

†Mvkvjv wbg©v‡Y wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v-

ﮋ cwi‡ek I AvenvIqvq †Mvkvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvkvjvi †g‡S †h ªe¨mvgMÖx

w`‡qB ˆZwi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb Zv Aek¨B ﮋ ivL‡Z n‡e|

BDwbU 5 Mvfx

cvjb

ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z yfv‡e Mvfx

cvjb Kiv nq, h_v- 1.

Pvibf‚wg‡Z Miy Piv‡bvi gva¨‡g

I 2. †Mvkvjvq †eu‡a †i‡L Lv`¨

cwi‡ekb I gjg~Î wb®‹vk‡bi

gva¨‡g| G‡`‡k †Mvkvjv ev

†Mvqvj N‡i Mvfx cvjbB

mgvw ªZ|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 106

†MvkvjvwU Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv‡Z mn‡RB cÖPzi Av‡jv-evZvm PjvPj

Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvc, Av ª©Zv cÖf…wZ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|

†Mvkvjv †Kv‡bvµ‡gB m¨vuZm¨vu‡Z nIqv Pj‡e bv| G‡Z Mvfxi wewfbœ ciRxex ev

RxevYyNwUZ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K|

†Mvkvjv Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv‡Z e„wói cvwb cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|

†MvkvjvwU gReyZ I Avivg`vqK nIqv PvB| wekªvg I e¨vqvg Kivi Rb¨ †Mvkvjvq

cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|

†Mvkvjv †hb mn‡RB cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ Kiv hvq Ges cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi h_vh_ e¨e¯’v

_v‡K|

†Mvkvjv Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv Mvfxi Rb¨ wbivc` Avkªq ’j nq|

AZGe, Mvfxi evm¯’vb ˆZwii g~‡j _vK‡Q Mvfxi wbivcËv I `y‡h©vM-`ywe©cvK †_‡K

AvZ¡i¶vg~jK e¨e ’v| GKB mv‡_ Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb, gjg~Î wb®‹vkb, Avivg-Av‡qm, hZœ I

cwiPh©vi meiKg e¨e¯’v|

†Mvkvjvi D”PZv 2.75-3.0 wgUvi (9-10 dzU) n‡Z n‡e| Lv`¨ cwi‡ek‡bi Rb¨ Pvwo ev Mvgjv

I cvwbi cvÎ †Mvkvjvq _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU Pvwo ev Mvgjv I cvwbi cv‡Îi cwimi n‡e

h_vµ‡g 1.0 wgUvi 1.2 wgUvi (40 Bw 48 BwÂ) I 0.3 wgUvi 0.6 wgUvi (12 BwÂ

24 BwÂ)| †Mvkvjvi cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ AvocvZv (chute) _v‡K †hLv‡b Mvfx †eu‡a ivL‡Z nq|

Lvev‡ii Pvwo cvKv KbwµU I AvocvZv gm„Y †jvnvi iW ev euvk w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv nq| †g‡S

hv‡Z wcw”Qj bv nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj †i‡L ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ 5 eM© wgUvi

RvqMvB h‡_ó| Avevi eo y» Lvgvi¸‡jv‡Z yÕmvwi‡Z Mvfx cvjb Kiv nq| GLv‡b yÕfv‡e

Mvfx ivLv nq, †hgb- gy‡LvgywL I wecixZgywL K‡i| gy‡LvgywL cvj‡bi †¶‡Î Ni 11 wgUvi (36

dzU) cÖk¯’ n‡e Ges wecixZgywL cvj‡bi †¶‡Î Ni 10.4 wgUvi (34 dzU) cÖk¯’ n‡e|

wPÎ 60 t GKwU AvaywbK †Mvkvjvi wfZ‡ii `„k¨

Abykxjb (Activity) t aiæb, Avcbvi Lvgv‡i 8wU y»eZx Mvfx Av‡Q| G‡`i Rb¨ me©‡gvU

KZUzKz RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? (m~Ît GKwU Mvfxi Rb¨ 5 eM© wgUvi RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb)

Mvfxi evm ’vb ˆZwii g~‡j _vK‡Q

wbivcËv I y‡h©vM- ywe©cvK †_‡K

AvZ¥i¶vg~jK e¨e ’v| GKB

mv‡_ Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb, gjg~Î

wb®‹vkb, Avivg-Av‡qm, hZœ I

cwiPh©vi meiKg e¨e ’v|

eo y» Lvgvi¸‡jv‡Z ymvwi‡Z

Mvfx cvjb Kiv nq, h_v-

gy‡LvgywL I wecixZgywL|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 107

Mvfxi cwiPh©v

Mvfx cwiPh©vi j¶¨ n‡jv Mvfx hv‡Z mve©¶wYK ¯v¯’ eZx I Kg©¶g _v‡K †m e¨e ’v Kiv| Mvfx

cwiPh©vi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv myôzfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| h_vÑ

¯v ’ I AvPiYmsµvšÍ cwiPh©v,

mvaviY e`Af¨vm ev †`vlµwU wbivgqmsµvšÍ cwiPh©v,

cÖRbb I cÖmemsµvšÍ cwiPh©v,

†`vnbKv‡ji cwiPh©v BZ¨vw`|

1) ¯v¯’ I AvPiYmsµvšÍ cwiPh©v t ¯v¯’ I AvPiYmsµvšÍ cwiPh©v ej‡Z mvaviY ¯v‡ ’ i

Dci ïf cÖwZwµqv K‡i Ggb ai‡bi Kg©KvÛ m¤úv`b‡K eySvq| †hgbÑ Mvfxi kixi AvPov‡bv

(grooming), e¨vqvg, Lyi KvUv, wks mvRv‡bv I wks‡Q`b (dehorning) BZ¨vw`| Gme cwiPh©vq

Mvfxi ¯v ’ fv‡jv _v‡K Ges Drcv`‡b ïf cÖfve c‡o|

2) mvaviY e`Af¨vm ev †`vlµwU wbivgq t †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Mvfxi g‡a¨ ya †`vn‡bi mgq

†`vnbKvwi‡K jvw_ gviv, wb‡Ri evU †Pvlv ev N‡ii †eov fv½v cªf…wZ e`Af¨vm †`Lv hvq|

GKevi Gme e`Af¨vm †Kv‡bv Mvfx‡K †c‡q em‡j Zv wVK Kiv †ek KwVb| Z‡e, Dchy³

wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g wKQy †`vlµwU wbivgq Kiv m¤¢e| †hgb- `ya †`vn‡bi mgq jvw_ gviv

mvaviYZ cÖ_gevi ev”Pv †`qv ev bexb Mvfxi (heifer) †ejvq †`Lv hvq| G‡¶‡Î Mvfxi jvw_

gvivi cªK„Z KviY †R‡b †m Abyhvqx Zv cªwZKv‡ii e¨e ’v wb‡Z n‡e| KviY bv †R‡b Av›`v‡Ri

Ici cªwZKv‡ii e¨ve ’v wb‡j Mvfxi g‡a¨ GwU me mg‡qi Rb¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZLb

†m Mvfxi `ya †`vn‡bi Rb¨ wkKj ev iwk w`‡q Zvi ycv evav Qvov MZ¨šÍi _v‡K bv| GB iKg

AviI †hme e`Af¨v‡mi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wbivg‡qi wKQy cš’v D™¢veb Kiv †h‡Z

cv‡i| †hgb- evU †Pvl‡bi †ejvq wkKj ev lvu‡oi bv‡K civ‡bvi AvswU Mvfxi bv‡K cwi‡q †`qv

hvq A_ev KuvUvhy³ †Vvbv (muzzle strap) ev Vzwj Pvwc‡q w`‡j Mvfx evU Pzl‡Z cv‡i bv| †eov

fv½vi Af¨vm wbivgq KwVb, Z‡e AvµgYvZ¡K †`vlhyy³ n‡j Mvfxi bv‡K k³ nv‡Z Nywl gviv

†h‡Z cv‡i|

3) cÖRbb I cÖmemsµvšÍ cwiPh©v t Mvfxi cÖRbb I cÖmemsµvšÍ cwiPh©v Ki‡Z n‡j G‡`i

kvixiZ‡Ë¡i Ávb _vKv Avek¨K| Mvfxi Mf©aviYKvj I FZzP‡µi ˆ`N © h_vµ‡g 281+5 I

21+3 w`b| ev”Pv cÖm‡ei 75-110 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Mvfx‡K cvj †`qv‡bv DwPZ| cÖme I cieZx©

Mf©avi‡Yi g‡a¨ 60 w`‡bi †ewk Qvo †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †Kbbv G mg‡qi g‡a¨ Rivqy

¯vfvweK n‡q hvq| Gme welq we‡iPbv K‡i Mvfxi cwiPh©v Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Mvfxi ya

Drcv`b mwVK n‡e| †Kv‡bv Mvfx‡K GKevi Mf©aviY Kiv‡Z †h msL¨K cvj w`‡Z nq †m msL¨v

w`‡q Zvi cÖRbb `¶Zv (breeding efficiency) hvPvB Kiv nq| Mf©aviY I cÖmeKv‡j Mvfx‡K

mwVKfv‡e hZœ I cwiPh©v Ki‡Z nq| GB mgq Ae‡njv I AeÁv Ki‡j ev”Pv bó n‡q †h‡Z

cv‡i; ZvQvov Mvfxi cªRbb I Mf©aviY ¶gZvI bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖmeKvj hZB AMÖmi nq

ZZB Mvfxi ewnt†hŠbv‡½i Pvgov gm„Y n‡q I‡V| †j‡Ri `ycv‡ki wjMv‡g›U Aembœ n‡q c‡o I

Ijvb dz‡j I‡V| Mvfxi g‡a¨ Aw ’i fve †`Lv hvq| GB mgq Mvfx‡K wbKU ’ cï nvmcvZv‡j

wb‡q †f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ¯v¯’ cix¶v Kiv‡Z nq| Mvfx‡K †iPK Lvevi (laxative

feed), †hgb- fywk I ˆLj †L‡Z w`‡Z nq| cÖm‡ei cÖ_g j¶Y †`Lv w`‡jB Mvfx‡K kvšÍ †i‡L

ch©‡e¶Y Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z cÖvK…wZKfv‡e cÖme KvRwU wbwe©‡Nœ n‡Z cv‡i| hw` 2/3 N›Uv ci cÖme

cÖwµqv Avi AMÖmi bv nq Zvn‡j wbKU ’ †f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi civgk© wb‡Z n‡e| G mgq

Rivqy‡Z evQy‡ii Ae ’vb wbix¶Y Kiv `iKvi| hw` mvg‡bi cv `yÕ‡Uv I gv_vi Ae ’vb mvg‡bi

w`‡K bv nq Zvn‡j †f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi mnvqZv †bqv Acwinvh©| evQyi f‚wgó n‡j 2/3 w`b

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Mvfxi g‡a¨ wewfbœ

ai‡bi e`Af¨vm ev †`vlµwU

†`Lv hvq| Dchy³ wPwKrmvi

gva¨‡g wKQy †`vlµwU wbivgq

Kiv m¤¢e|

Mvfxi Mf©aviYKvj I FZzP‡µi

ˆ`N © h_vµ‡g 281+5 I 21+3

w`b| ev”Pv cÖm‡ei 75-110

w`‡bi g‡a¨ Mvfx‡K cvj †`qv‡bv

DwPZ| cÖme I cieZx©

Mf©avi‡Yi g‡a¨ 60 w`‡bi †ewk

Qvo †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

Rivqy‡Z evQy‡ii mvg‡bi cv y‡Uv

I gv_vi Ae ’vb hw` mvg‡bi

w`‡K bv nq Zvn‡j †f‡Uwibvwi

mvR©‡bi mnvqZv †bqv Acwinvh©|

Mvfx cwiPh©vi Rb¨ ¯v ’ I

AvPiYmsµvšÍ cwiPh©v, mvaviY

†`vlµU wbivgq msµvšÍ cwiPh©v,

cÖRbb I cÖme msµvšÍ cwiPh©v,

†`vnbKv‡ji cwiPh©v BZ¨vw`

myôzfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 108

Mvfxi mv‡_ †Q‡o †`qvB DËg| cÖwZwU ch©v‡q j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z evQyi I Mvfx †Kv‡bv

`ywe©cv‡K bv c‡o| evQyi cÖm‡ei ci Mvfx‡K Lvevi I Cl yò cwi®‹vi cvwb cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z

n‡e| Gici 2/3 w`b †iPK Lvevi cwi‡ekb evÃbxq| Mvfxi Mf©dzj (placenta) bv cov ch©šÍ

mhZœ `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| evQy‡ii bvwf wbRx©evYy cš’vq KvUv cÖ‡qvRb| ev”Pv cÖm‡ei ci Mvfxi

IRb K‡g hvq| †ewk Lvevi cwi‡ekb K‡i I mwVK cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g Zv cywl‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

4) `y» †`vnbKv‡ji cwiPh©v t `y» †`vnb wb‡RB GKwU AwZms‡e`bkxj cÖwµqv| †`vn‡bi

g~j j¶¨ n‡jv Ggbfv‡e †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Ijvb †_‡K m¤úY© `ya †U‡b †ei K‡i Avbv

hvq| Ijvb †_‡K ya †Q‡o †`qv (let down) GKwU cÖwZeZ© wµqv hv m¤úY© †`vn‡b AZ¨vek¨K|

myZivs mKj cÖKvi wfwZcÖ I wbh©vZbg~jK c`‡¶c †_‡K Mvfx‡K gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e| ya

†`vn‡bi mgq yÕ‡Uv AZ¨vek¨K KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e, h_v- 1. Ah_v Mvfx‡K D‡ËwRZ Kiv

†_‡K weiZ _vKv I 2. ªæZZvi mv‡_ †`vnbKvR †kl Kiv| `ya †`vnbKv‡j Mvfx‡K m¤úY© kvšÍ

I myw ’i ivL‡Z n‡e| GB mgq gkvgvwQ DrcvZ Ki‡j Mvfxi †`vnb cÖwµqvq e¨vNvZ m„wó n‡Z

cv‡i|

wPÎ 61 t ¯v ’ m¤§Z Dcv‡q Mvfxi `y» †`vnb

Mvfx cwiPh©vi Avi GKwU j¶¨ n‡”Q Mvfx‡K †cvKvgvKo I gkvgvwQ †_‡K wbivc` yi‡Z¡ ivLv|

ZvQvov Mvfxi †c‡U hv‡Z K…wgi wWg cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ Lv`¨ cwi‡ek‡b m`vmZK©

_vK‡Z n‡e|

mvigg© t ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z yÕfv‡e Mvfx cvjb Kiv nq, h_v- 1. PviYf‚wg‡Z Miæ Piv‡bvi

gva¨‡g I 2. †Mvkvjvq †eu‡a †i‡L Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb I gjg~Î wb®‹vk‡bi gva¨‡g| G‡`‡k

†Mvkvjv ev †Mvqvj N‡i Mvfx cvjbB mgvw ªZ| Mvfxi evm ’vb ˆZwii g~‡j _vK‡Q wbivcËv I

`y‡h©vM`ywe©cvK †_‡K AvZ¡i¶vg~jK e¨e ’v| GKB mv‡_ Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb, gjg~Î wb®‹vkb,

Avivg-Av‡qm, hZœ I cwiPh©vi me iKg e¨e¯’v| cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ 5 eM© wgUvi RvqMvB

h‡_ó| eo `y» Lvgvi¸‡jv‡Z ymvwi‡Z Mvfx cvjb Kiv nq, h_v- gy‡LvgywL I wecixZgywL|

Mvfx cwiPh©vi j¶¨ n‡jv Mvfx hv‡Z mve©¶wYK ¯v ’ eZx I Kg©¶g _v‡K †m e¨e ’v Kiv|

Mvfx cwiPh©vi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv myôzfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| h_vÑ ¯v¯’ I

nvefveMZ cwiPh©v, mvaviY e`Af¨vm ev †`vlµwU wbivgqMZ cwiPh©v, cÖRbb I cÖmeMZ

cwiPh©v, †`vnbKv‡ji cwiPh©v BZ¨vw`|

Ijvb †_‡K ya †Q‡o †`qv GKwU

cÖwZeZ© wµqv hv m¤úY© †`vn‡b

AZ¨vek¨K| Kv‡RB ya †`vn‡bi

mgq wfwZcÖ I wbh©vZbg~jK

c`‡¶c †_‡K Mvfx‡K gy³

ivL‡Z n‡e|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 109

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 5.1

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý () w`b|

1| †Mvqvj Ni evwo †_‡K KZ ~‡i ˆZwi Kiv †kªq?

K) 25-30 wgUvi

L) 10-15 wgUvi

M) 20-25 wgUvi

N) 45-60 wgUvi

2| Mvfxi N‡ii D”PZv KZ nIqv DwPZ?

K) 1.75-2.00 wgUvi

L) 2.75-3.00 wgUvi

M) 3.75-4.00 wgUvi

N) 4.75-5.00 wgUvi

3| Mvfxi Mf©aviYKvj I FZzP‡µi ˆ`N© h_vµ‡g KZ?

K) 2815 I 213 w`b

L) 2802 I 183 w`b

M) 2703 I 253 w`b

N) 2755 I 212 w`b

4| evQz‡ii R‡b¥i KZ w`b ch©šÍ Mvfx‡K †iPK Lvevi †`qv DwPZ?

K) 10/12 w`b

L) 7/8 w`b

M) 2/3 w`b

N) 8/10 w`b

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 110

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 111

cvV 5.2 Mvfxi Lv`¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

Mvfxi Lv‡`¨i cª‡qvRbxqZv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

mylg Lv`¨ Kv‡K e‡j Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg Lv`¨ wn‡me K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv`¨ I mylg Lv`¨ZvwjKv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi Lv`¨ msi¶Y I cªwµqvRvZKiY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi Lv‡`¨i cª‡qvRbxqZv

Mvfxi kvixwiK e„w× I †KvlKjvi weKvk, Zvc I kw³ Drcv`b, †`n msi¶Y I †KvlKjvi

¶qc~iY, ya I gvsm Drcv`b, cªRb‡b m¶gZv AR©b, Mf© ’ ev”Pvi weKvk mvab cªf…wZ Kv‡Ri

Rb¨ Dchy³ Lv‡`¨i cª‡qvRb| wfbœ wfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i Pvwn`vq †ek ZviZg¨ nq|

†hgb- †`‡ni ¶qc~iY, †`n‡K Kg©¶g ivLv cªf…wZ Kv‡R †h cwigvY cywói cª‡qvRb nq `ya,

gvsm cªf…wZ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †m¸‡jv QvovI AwZwi³ cywói cª‡qvRb c‡o| Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i wewfbœ

Dcv`vbmg~n m¤ú‡K© B‡Zvc~‡e© evQyi cvjb BDwb‡U ejv n‡q‡Q; GB Dcv`vb¸‡jv Mvfxi Rb¨I

cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e ya Drcv`b Mvfxi Rb¨ GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi KvR e‡j GRb¨ Mvfxi Lv`¨

†hvMv‡bi †¶‡Î we‡kl `„wó w`‡Z n‡e| Lv`¨ ª‡e¨i †Kv‡bv Dcv`v‡bi Afve n‡j Mvfxi †`‡n

Zvi cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq| kw³i Rb¨ kK©iv, †`‡ni ¶qc~iY I Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Avwgl, ‡ œn,

LwYR, wfUvwgb Ges mgy`q ˆRe ivmvqwbK Kg©Kv‡Ûi Rb¨ cÖPzi weï× cvwbi cª‡qvRb nq|

mKj AZ¨vek¨K Lv`¨ ªe¨‡K cwicvP¨ cywó (digestible nutrients) bv‡g D‡jøL Kiv n‡jI

cwicvP¨ cywó ej‡Z kK©iv, ‡ œn I Avwgl‡KB †evSv‡bv nq| wewfbœ Lv‡`¨i cwicvP¨ cywói gv‡b

cv_©K¨ _v‡K| kK©iv †h kw³ †`q AvwglI †m cwigvY kw³ †hvMvq| wKš‘ ‡ œn c`v_©, kK©iv I

Avwg‡li †P‡q 2.25 ¸Y †ewk kw³ †`q| Avwgl ïay kw³B †`q bv, kixi MV‡bi †gŠwjK ˆRe

Dcv`vb Z_v A¨vgvB‡bv A¨vwmWI w`‡q _v‡K| LwYRc`v_© I wfUvwgb †Kv‡bv kw³ †`q bv, wKš‘

G¸‡jvi Dcw ’wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K kix‡ii Kg©PvÂj¨ ev Drcv`b †Kv‡bv wKQyB wVKg‡Zv nq bv|

G¸‡jv kix‡i Lye mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y cÖ‡qvRb n‡jI AZ¨vek¨K; AZGe Gme Lv‡`¨i †kªYx I

cÖK„wZ we‡ePbv K‡i wewfbœ Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i mgš‡q Mvfxi mvwe©K cÖ‡qvR‡b mylg Lv`¨ (balanced diet) cÖ ‘Z Ki‡Z nq|

mylg Lv`¨ (Balanced diet) †hme Lv`¨ wgkª‡Y cïi ˆ`wnK cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ cwigvY I Abycv‡Z me iKg cywó

Dcv`vb _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K mylg Lv`¨ e‡j| cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb| KviY

Lv‡`¨ wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi mylgZvi Afve n‡j Mvfx Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx cywó Dcv`vb cvq bv|

d‡j †`nMVb I Drcv`b ¶gZv K‡g hvq| mylg Lv`¨ wb¤œwjwLZ kZ© ‡jv c~iY Ki‡e-

GwU iæwPKi (palatable) n‡e,

cwigvY I AvKv‡i (bulk) mwVK n‡e,

my¯v`y n‡e Ges

`v‡g m¯Ív n‡e|

Mvfxi Lv`¨ ªe¨ mvaviYZ wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq, †hgb- Avukhy³ Lv`¨ (roughages), `vbv`vi

Lv`¨ (concentrates) I wdW A¨vwWwUfm& (feed additives) Avukhy³ Lv‡`¨i g‡a¨ LowePvwj,

KvuPv Nvm, jZvcvZv, mvB‡jR (silage) BZ¨vw`B cªavb| `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i g‡a¨ wewfbœ km¨`vbv,

M‡gi fywk, Pv‡ji Kzov, ˆLj BZ¨vw`B cªavb| wdW A¨vwWwUfm&-Gi g‡a¨ wSbyKP‚Y©, wewfbœ

wfUvwgb I LwYRc`v_© cªf…wZ i‡q‡Q| Gme cï Lv`¨ cª‡qvRbg‡Zv msMÖn K‡i Mvfx‡K

Mvfxi kvixwiK e„w×, Zvc I kw³

Drcv`b, †`n msi¶Y I

¶qc~iY, ya I gvsm Drcv`b,

cªRb‡b m¶gZv AR©b, Mf© ’

ev”Pvi weKvk cªf…wZi Rb¨

Dchy³ Lv‡`¨i cª‡qvRb|

kK©iv †h kw³ †`q AvwglI †m

cwigvY kw³ †hvMvq| wKš‘ ‡ œn

c`v_©, kK©iv I Avwg‡li †P‡q

2.25 ¸Y †ewk kw³ †`q|

†hme Lv`¨ wgkª‡Y cïi ˆ`wnK

cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³

cwigvY I Abycv‡Z me iKg cywó

Dcv`vb _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K mylg

Lv`¨ e‡j|

Mvfxi Lv`¨ ªe¨ mvaviYZ wZb

fv‡M wef³, †hgb- Avukhy³

Lv`¨, `vbv`vi Lv`¨ I wdW

A¨vwWwUfm&|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 112

cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z n‡e| cï‡K †h cwigvY Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z nq Zv GK ai‡bi _v¤ iæj

(thumb rule) wbq‡g wbiƒcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-

cÖwZw`b GKwU Mvfx †h cwigvY †gvUv Avukhy³ Lv`¨ †L‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Zv †L‡Z †`qv|

cÖwZ 1.5 wjUvi `ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Mvfx‡K Lo I KvuPv Nv‡mi m‡½ cÖwZw`b 0.5 †KwR

`vbv`vi Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e|

ïay Lo †L‡j cÖwZ 1.25 wjUvi ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Mvfx‡K cªwZw`b 0.5 †KwR AwZwi³

`vbv`vi Lv`¨ cª vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

cï cywó we`¨vq cÖwZ 45.5 †KwR (100 cvDÛ) ˆ`wnK IR‡bi wfwˇZ Lv`¨ZvwjKv ev im`

eiv‡Ïi bxwZI Pvjy Av‡Q| cÖwZ 45.5 †KwR (100 cvDÛ) ˆ`wnK IR‡bi Rb¨ 0.9 †KwR (2

cvDÛ) Avukhy³ Lv`¨ eivÏ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GB bxwZ Abyhvqx cÖ_g 2.4 †KwRi Rb¨ 2.4 †KwR

I cieZx© cÖwZ 0.9 †KwR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 0.23 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨ eivÏ K‡i im` †hvMvb

w`‡Z n‡e|

Lv`¨ ˆZwi I wnmve c×wZ

Mvfxi Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z wbæwjwLZ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v-

Mvfxi Rb¨ meyR Nvm AMÖMY¨|

Lv`¨ ZvRv I †`vlgy³ n‡Z n‡e|

Nv‡mi cwe‡Z© Ab¨ imv‡jv Lv`¨ (succulent feed), h_v- mvB‡jR (silage), g~jv,

kvjMg, wgwóAvjy BZ¨vw` ïK‡bv Nvm ev L‡oi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

WvjRvZxq Nvm cywóKi; Z‡e G¸‡jv fzÆv, †bwcqvi BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e

†Kbbv, ïay WvjRvZxq Nvm LvIqv‡j Wvqwiqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

†bwcqvi Nv‡mi KvÛ k³ n‡j †K‡U UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| †Rvqvi, evRiv

BZ¨vw` Nvm KwP Ae¯’vq KL‡bv LvIqv‡Z †bB; †Kbbv GB Nv‡m KwP Ae¯’vq cÖ€wmK

A¨vwmW (prusic acid) bvgK GK cÖKvi gvivZ¡K wel _v‡K| ZvB GB Nvm †ewk LvIqv‡j

Mvfx gviv hvIqv m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

Wvj, Mg, fyÆv cªf…wZ `vbv`vi Lv`¨¸‡jv †f‡½ LvIqv‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, u‡ov wgwn K‡i

LvIqv‡bv wVK bq|

cïi nRgkw³ K‡g †M‡j Lv`¨ wm× K‡i LvIqv‡j mn‡R nRg nq|

cïi AvKvi, †`nRvZ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY, kª‡gi cwigvY, eqm BZ¨vw`i Ici wbf©i K‡i

cwiwgZ Lv`¨ I Avwgl mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

455 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU Mvfx ïay Ajmfv‡e KvUv‡j ˆ`wbK Zvi 2.73 †KwR †gvU

cwicvP¨ cywó ev wU.wW.Gb. (total digestible nutrients or T.D.N.) I 273 MÖvg cwicvP¨

Avwgl ev wW.wc.-Gi (digestible protein or D.P.) cÖ‡qvRb n‡q _v‡K| GB Mvfx hw`

Drcv`b ev kª‡gi KvR K‡i Z‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq wU.wW.Gb. I wW.wc.-Gi Rb¨ AwZwi³

Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|

cÖwZ 100 †KwR kvixwiK IR‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Mvfxi ˆ`wbK 2-3 †KwR ïK‡bv Lv`¨

MÖn‡Yi `iKvi nq| myZivs 455 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU Mvfx ˆ`wbK cÖvq 9.10-11.36

†KwR ﮋ c`v_© ev wW.Gg. (dry matter or D.M.) †L‡Z cv‡i|

Z‡e, cï hv wKQy Lv‡e Zvi wW.Gg. †hb 11.36 †KwRi †ewk bv nq Ges GB Lv‡`¨i

wU.wW.Gb. 2.73 †KwR I wW.wc. 2.73 †KwR n‡Z n‡e|

g‡b Kiæb, GKwU Mvfx‡K ïay fzÆv Nvm LvIqv‡bv n‡”Q| cÖwZ GKk fvM fyÆv Nv‡m cÖvq

20% wW.Gg. _v‡K| myZivs 455 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU Mvfx hw` Ajm nq Z‡e Ajm

Ae¯’vq Zv‡K 45.5 †KwR fyÆv Nvm †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|

WvjRvZxq Nvm cywóKi; Z‡e

G¸‡jv fzÆv, †bwcqvi BZ¨vw`i

mv‡_ wgwk‡q bv w`‡j Wvqwiqvi

m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

cïi AvKvi, †`nRvZ Drcv`b,

kª‡gi cwigvY, eqm BZ¨vw`i

Ici wbf©i K‡i cwiwgZ Lv`¨ I

Avwgl mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

cÖwZ 100 †KwR kvixwiK IR‡bi

Rb¨ GKwU Mvfxi ˆ`wbK 2-3

†KwR ïK‡bv Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi `iKvi

nq|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 113

GLb †`Lv hvK, 45.5 †KwR fyÆv Nv‡m Kx cwigvY wW.wc. I wU.wW.Gb. Av‡Q| Lv`¨

Dcv`vbmg~‡ni ZvwjKvq †`Lv hvq- 45.5 †KwR f‚Ævq 1.2% wW.wc. I 16.3% wU.wW.Gb.

_v‡K| myZivs hw` H Mvfx‡K 45.5 †KwR fyÆv Nvm LvIqv‡bv hvq Zvn‡j cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †m

cÖvq wظY wW.wc. I wU.wW.Gb. †c‡q _v‡K| A_©vr Zv‡K 22.75 †KwR Nvm LvIqv‡j Zvi ˆ`wnK

Pvwn`v cÖvq wg‡U hvq| Avi H Mvfx hw` ˆ`wbK 4.55 †KwR K‡i ya (4% evUvi d¨vUm¤§„×)

†`q Zvn‡j Zv‡K AwZwi³ Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| ZvwjKv Abymv‡i 4.55 †KwR ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨

186 Mªvg wW.wc. I 1.41 †KwR wU.wW.Gb.-Gi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvwjKv †`‡L Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h,

cÖwZ †KwR fyÆv Nv‡m 6 Mªvg wW.wc. Ges 72.73 Mªvg wU.wW.Gb. _v‡K| Kv‡RB 15.9 †KwR ya

†`q (4% evUvi d¨vUmg„×) Ggb Mvfx‡K (22.75+15.9) = 38.65 †KwR fyÆv Nvm LvIqv‡j

Zvi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~iY nq| Kvh©‡¶‡Î GKwU Mvfxi Rb¨ GB cwigvY fyÆv msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e nq

bv| ZvB wKQy Nvm, Lo I `vbv`vi Lv`¨ w`‡q Zvi cywó Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| `vbv`vi

Lv‡`¨i GKwU wgkªY ˆZwi Kiv n‡j G‡Z ˆLj 25%, M‡gi fywk 25%, †Lmvwii Wvj 25%,

fyÆvi u‡ov 25% †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| G wgkª‡Yi cÖwZ 0.455 †KwR‡Z cÖvq 14% wW.wc. I 70%

wU.wW.Gb. cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| †h wgkª‡Y 6.63 †KwR wW.wc. I 31.8 †KwR wU.wW.Gb. _v‡K

†mLvb †_‡K 2.27 †KwR `vbv`vi wgkªY Mvfx‡K LvIqv‡bv n‡j Mvfx Zvi †`‡ni Rb¨ 318 Mªvg

wW.wc. cv‡e| GB cwigvY Zvi †gvU Pvwn`vi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ

wW.wc. (D.P.) wU.wW.Gb. (T.D.N.) †`n i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨-

4.55 †KwR `ya (4% evUvi

d¨vUm¤§„×) Drcv`‡bi Rb¨-

273 Mªvg

186 Mªvg

2.73 †KwR

1.41 †KwR

†gvU= 459 Mªvg 4.14 †KwR

22.75 †KwR Nvm- 277 Mªvg 3.68 †KwR

2.27 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨- 318 Mªvg 1.59 †KwR

†gvU= 1,054 Mªvg 9.41 †KwR

myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q MvfxwU‡K ˆ`wbK 22.75 †KwR fzÆv Nvm I 2.27 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨

LvIqv‡j cywó Pvwn`v mwVKfv‡e †gUv‡bv m¤¢e nq|

Abykxjb (Activity) t 4.55 †KwR ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 186 MÖvg wW.wc. I 1.41 †KwR

wU.wW.Gb.-Gi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j 10 †KwR ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Kx cwigvY wW.wc. I wU.wW.Gb.-Gi

cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?

Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv`¨

mviwY 19 (K, L, M I N)-G Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i K‡qKwU m~Î †`qv n‡q‡Q| Mvfxi `vbv`vi

Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z G¸‡jv †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv GKwU m~Î e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

mviwY 19 (K, L, M I N) t Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i m~Îmg~n

19.K t cª_g m~Î 19.L t wØZxq m~Î

Dcv`vb cwigvY (%) Dcv`vb cwigvY (%)

ev`v‡gi ˆLj 25 mwilvi ˆLj 25

M‡gi fywk 25 M‡gi fywk 25

Pv‡ji Kzov 25 Wv‡ji fywk 25

†Lmvwii Wvj 25 ey‡Ui Wvj 25

19.M t Z…Zxq m~Î 19.N t PZz_© m~Î

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 114

Dcv`vb cwigvY (%) Dcv`vb cwigvY (%)

wZ‡ji ‰Lj 25 Mg fv½v 25

fyÆvi ¸‡uov 25 bvi‡K‡ji ˆLj 25

M‡gi fywk 25 M‡gi fywk 25

†Lmvwii Wvj 25 KjvB‡qi Wvj 25

we‡kl ªóe¨ t Dc‡iv³ m~θ‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi m‡½ cÖwZwU Mvfx‡K ˆ`wbK 120 MÖvg jeY I 60 MÖvg

LwYRc`v_© (nv‡oi ¸u‡ov ev Afv‡e P‡Ki ¸u‡ov) LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

Drm t m¤úvw`Z, gvP©-1988| cïcvjb, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi, Lvgvievwo, XvKv, c„. 34|

Mvfxi Lv`¨ZvwjKv ev im` (ration)

Mvfx‡K ˆ`wbK A_v©r 24 NÈvq †h wbw ©ó cwigvY Lv`¨ ev Lv`¨mgwó †L‡Z †`qv nq, Zv‡K

Lv`¨ZvwjKv, im` ev †ikb e‡j| mviwY 20-G cÖvq 100 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg

Lv`¨ZvwjKvi GKwU bgybv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

mviwY 20 t 100 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU Mvfxi mylg Lv`¨ZvwjKv

Dcv`vb cwigvY

av‡bi Lo 2.0 †KwR

Kzov 0.5 †KwR

M‡gi fywk 0.5 †KwR

wZ‡ji ˆLj 0.2 †KwR

BDwiqv 35.0 MÖvg

wPUv¸o 0.5 MÖvg

meyR Nvm 2.0 MÖvg

jeY 25.0 MÖvg

we‡kl ªóe¨ t `vbv`vi Lv`¨¸‡jv‡Z jeY I BDwiqv GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Lo I meyR Nvm †QvU

†QvU K‡i †K‡U Gi m‡½ wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

Drm t m¤úvw`Z, gvP©-1988| cïcvjb, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi, Lvgvievwo, XvKv, c„. 35|

mviwY 21 I 22-G h_vµ‡g 100-150 Ges 200-250 †KwR IR‡bi Mvfxi mylg

Lv`¨ZvwjKvi GKwU K‡i bgybv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

mviwY 21 t 100-150 †KwR IR‡bi Mvfxi mylg Lv`¨ZvwjKv

Dcv`vb cwigvY

BDwiqv cvwb w`‡q †fRv‡bv Lo (5%) 5.0 †KwR

meyR Nvm 1.0 †KwR

M‡gi fywk 1.2 †KwR

ˆaBÂv exR 0.53 †KwR

jeY 25.0 MÖvg

we‡kl ªóe¨ t 5 †KwR L‡oi Dci BDwiqv †gkv‡bv cvwb (5%) fv‡jvfv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡q Ae ’vi

cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 3/4 w`b cwjw_b KvMR w`‡q †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| Lo I meyR Nvm GKmv‡_ LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

Avi `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i m‡½ jeY wgwk‡q Avjv`vfv‡e LvIqv‡bv DwPZ|

Drm t m¤žvw`Z, gvP©-1988| cïcvjb, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi, Lvgvievwo, XvKv, c„. 35|

Mvfx‡K 24 NÈvq †h wbw ©ó

cwigvY Lv`¨ ev Lv`¨mgwó †L‡Z

†`qv nq Zv‡K Lv`¨ZvwjKv, im`

ev †ikb e‡j|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 115

mviwY 22 t 200-250 †KwR IR‡bi `y»eZx Mvfxi mylg Lv`¨ZvwjKv

Dcv`vb cwigvY

av‡bi Lo 3.0 †KwR

meyR Nvm 6.0 †KwR

BDwiqv 45.0 Mªvg

M‡gi fywk/Kzov 2.0 †KwR

wZ‡ji ˆLj 0.5 †KwR

jeY 40 MÖvg

we‡kl ªóe¨ t av‡bi Lo I meyR Nvm GKmv‡_ wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv, M‡gi fywk/Kzov, wZ‡ji

ˆLj I jeY GKmv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

Drm t m¤úvw`Z, gvP©-1988| cïcvjb, K…wl m¤úÖmviY Awa`ßi, Lvgvievwo, XvKv, c„. 36|

Mvfxi Lv`¨ msi¶Y

Mvfxi Lv`¨ mwVKfv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j †hgb bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb Ach©vß

msi¶‡Y Lv‡`¨i ¸Yv¸Y bó nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| GB Lv`¨ †L‡q Mvfxi †ivMe¨vwa n‡Z cv‡i|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k cï Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi mgm¨v i‡q‡Q, we‡kl K‡i `vbv`vi Lv`¨| Dò I m¨vuZm¨vu‡Z

cwi‡e‡k Gme Lv`¨ mn‡RB c‡P hvq| Gi cÖavb KviY Avgv‡`i Dò-Av ©ª AvenvIqvq

QÎvKRvZxq Dw™¢‡`i eskwe Ívi e¨vcK nq I mn‡R Ab¨vb¨ †ivMRxevYy Rb¥vq| Kv‡RB me mgq

ïK‡bv cwi‡e‡k cï Lv`¨ msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ|

GQvov Lv`¨mvgMÖx cÖ ‘ZKi‡YI mgm¨v †_‡K hvq| †gvUv Avukhy³ Lv`¨ †hgb †K‡U UzK‡iv

UzK‡iv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q †Zgwb mnRcvP¨ nIqvi Rb¨ wKQy wKQy exRRvZxq Lv`¨ P‚Y© KiviI

cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv Mvfx me mgq k³ exR cwic~Y©fv‡e wPev‡bv QvovB wM‡j †d‡j| G‡Z

cvK ’jx‡Z cvPK im †Zgbfv‡e KvR K‡i bv| d‡j cvPK i‡mi AcPq N‡U| cwicvKZšÍ †_‡K G¸‡jv g‡ji mv‡_ Av¯ÍB †ei n‡q Av‡m| GB Kvi‡Y k³ exRRvZxq Lv`¨ P‚Y© K‡iB

cwi‡ekb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Lv`¨`ªe¨ †K‡U KzwP KzwP K‡i (chopping), wKQy †¶‡Î ivbœv

K‡i ev wfwR‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| Lv`¨ ª‡e¨i cywógvb A¶zbœ †i‡LB Gfv‡e cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi

cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|

Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY

eûKvj †_‡KB Mevw`cïi Lv`¨‡K cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Pj‡Q| Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi

D‡Ïk¨ n‡jvÑ

Lv`¨‡K mn‡R nR‡gi Dc‡hvMx Kiv,

Lv`¨ msi¶YKvj evov‡bv I AcPq †iva Kiv,

Lv‡`¨i ¸YMZ gvb e„w× Kiv,

Lv`¨ bvovPvovi myweav Ges

Lv`¨ gRy‡`i ’vb euvPv‡bv|

eûKvj Av‡M †_‡KB av‡bi Lo‡K Kw÷K †mvWv (1%) wgwkªZ cvwb w`‡q †kvab K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q

†h, Lo †ek big nq, d‡j Mvfx ¯vfvwe‡Ki Zzjbvq wKQy †ewk Lo Lvq Ges nRgI nq †ek

ZvovZvwo| Pzb †gkv‡bv cvwb w`‡qI cÖvq GKB iKg K‡i Lo †kvab Kiv hvq| G‡Z djI nq

GKB cÖKvi| wKš‘ Gai‡bi ¶vi (alkali) †kvab cÖwµqv mvaviY K…lK ev Lvgvi gvwjK cQ›`

K‡ib bv| GB ai‡bi †kvab c×wZ‡Z wKQy AmyweavI Av‡Q| †hgbÑ G‡Z eo eo †PŠev”Pv

jv‡M| ivmvqwbK ªe¨ I AwZwi³ kªwgK I mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wewfbœ LiP wgwj‡q wn‡me

Ki‡j G c×wZ‡Z †Zgb jvf nq bv|

Mvfxi Lv`¨ mwVKfv‡e msi¶Y

Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j †hgb bó n‡q

†h‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb Ach©vß

msi¶‡Y Lv‡`¨i ¸Yv¸Y bó

nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

†gvUv Avukhy³ Lv`¨ †hgb †K‡U

UzK‡iv UzK‡iv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb

i‡q‡Q †Zgwb mnRcvP¨ nIqvi

Rb¨ wKQy wKQy exRRvZxq Lv`¨

P‚Y© KiviI cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|

Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi D‡Ïk¨

n‡jvÑ Lv`¨‡K mn‡R nR‡gi

Dc‡hvMx Kiv, msi¶YKvj

evov‡bv I AcPq †iva Kiv,

¸YMZ gvb e„w× Kiv, bvovPvovi

myweav Ges gRy‡`i ’vb euvPv‡bv|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 116

eZ©gv‡b BDwiqv (5%) w`‡q †kva‡b av‡bi L‡oi ¸YMZ gvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× cvq e‡j

cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb, av‡bi Lo †mjy‡jvR (cellulose) I †nwg‡mjy‡jvR

(hemicellulose) bvgK `ycªKvi †k¦Zmvi Ges wjMwbb (lignin) bvgK GKcªKvi KwVb c`v_©

w`‡q RwUjfv‡e Av”Qvw`Z _v‡K| †ivgš’K cÖvYxi cvK ’jx‡Z †h ARmª AbyRxe _v‡K, †m¸‡jvi

c‡¶ wjMwb‡bi AveiY †f` K‡i †mjy‡jvR, †nwg‡mjy‡jvR ¯Íi ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z †ek mgq

jv‡M| cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, 5% BDwiqv cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q L‡oi Dci mgfv‡e wQUv‡j I †m Lo‡K

wKQyw`b Av”Qvw`Z K‡i ivL‡j wjMwbb big n‡q hvq Ges Mevw`cï †m Lv`¨ †L‡j Zv AwZ

mn‡R nRg n‡q hvq| L‡oi gva¨‡g BDwiqv cvK ’jx‡Z wM‡q A¨v‡gvwbqv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges

†m A¨v‡gvwbqvi cÖfv‡e nRg cÖwµqvq mnvqK Gme AbyRx‡ei msL¨v A‡bK †e‡o hvq| †ivgš’K

cÖvYx Abvwgl bvB‡Uªv‡Rbhy³ c`v_©‡K (N.P.N. or non-protien nitrogenous substance) Avwg‡l

iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Abykxjb (Activity) t av‡bi Lo cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZi g‡a¨ Avcbvi „wó‡Z

†Kvb&wU †ewk Dc‡hvMx? Avcbvi gZvg‡Zi ¯c‡¶ hyw³ w`b|

mvigg© t Mvfxi kvixwiK e„w× I †KvlKjvi weKvk, Zvc I kw³ Drcv`b, †`n msi¶Y I

†KvlKjvi ¶qc~iY, ya I gvsm Drcv`b, cªRb‡b m¶gZv AR©b, Mf© ’ ev”Pvi weKvk mvab

cªf…wZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dchy³ Lv‡`¨i cª‡qvRb| kK©iv †h kw³ †`q AvwglI †m cwigvY kw³

†hvMvq| wKš‘ ‡ œnc`v_©, kK©iv I Avwg‡li †P‡q 2.25 ¸Y †ewk kw³ †`q| Mvfxi Lv`¨`ªe¨

mvaviYZ wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq, †hgb- Avukhy³ Lv`¨, `vbv`vi Lv`¨ I wdW A¨vwWwUfm&|

cïi AvKvi, †`nRvZ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY, kª‡gi cwigvY, eqm BZ¨vw`i Ici wbf©i K‡i

cwiwgZ Lv`¨ I Avwgl mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| Mvfx‡K ˆ`wbK 22.75 †KwR fyÆv Nvm I 2.27

†KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨ LvIqv‡j cywó Pvwn`v mwVKfv‡e †gUv‡bv m¤¢e nq| Mvfx‡K 24 NÈvq †h

wbw ©ó cwigvY Lv`¨ ev Lv`¨mgwó †L‡Z †`qv nq, Zv‡K Lv`¨ZvwjKv ev †ikb e‡j| Mvfxi

Lv`¨ mwVKfv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j †hgb bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb Ach©vß msi¶‡Y

Lv‡`¨i ¸Yv¸Y bó nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- Lv`¨‡K mn‡R

nR‡gi Dc‡hvMx Kiv, msi¶YKvj evov‡bv I AcPq †iva Kiv, ¸YMZ gvb e„w× Kiv,

bvovPvovi myweav Ges gRy‡`i ¯’vb euvPv‡bv|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 5.2

5% BDwiqv cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q

L‡oi Dci mgfv‡e wQwU‡q Zv

wKQyw`b Av”Qvw`Z K‡i ivL‡j

wjMwbb big n‡q hvq I

Mevw`cï †m Lv`¨ †L‡q mn‡R

nRg Ki‡Z cv‡i|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 117

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý () w`b|

1| ‡ œn c`v_© kK©iv I Avwg‡li †P‡q KZ †ewk kw³ †`q?

K) 2.25 ¸Y

L) 1.25 ¸Y

M) 3.25 ¸Y

N) 4.25 ¸Y

2| ïay Lo †L‡j 1.25 wjUvi ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b Mvfx‡K KZUzKz `vbv`vi Lv`¨

cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e?

K) 1.0 †KwR

L) 0.7 †KwR

M) 0.5 †KwR

N) 0.8 †KwR

3| 455 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU Mvfx Ajmfv‡e KvUv‡j ˆ`wbK h_vµ‡g Zvi KZUzKz

wU.wW.Gb. I wW.wc.-Gi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?

K) 2.73 †KwR I 200 MÖvg

L) 2.00 †KwR I 270 MÖvg

M) 2.73 †KwR I 273 MÖvg

N) 2.50 †KwR I 250 MÖvg

4| Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i m‡½ ˆ`wbK h_vµ‡g KZUzKz K‡i jeY I nv‡oi u‡ov mieivn

Kiv DwPZ?

K) 100 I 50 MÖvg

L) 120 I 60 MÖvg

M) 75 I 50 MÖvg

N) 150 I 100 MÖvg

5| Kx w`‡q av‡bi Lo cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv nq?

K) 1% Kw÷K †mvWv, Pyb ev 5% BDwiqv wgwkªZ cvwb

L) 1% Kw÷K †mvWv ev Pzb wgwkªZ cvwb

M) Pzb ev 5% BDwiqv wgwkªZ cvwb

N) 1% Kw÷K †mvWv ev 5% BDwiqv wgwkªZ cvwb

6| av‡bi L‡oi cÖvPx‡i Kx Kx ˆRe c`v_© _v‡K?

K) wjMwbb I †mjy‡jvR

L) †mjy‡jvR I †nwg‡mjy‡jvR

M) †mjy‡jvR, †nwg‡mjy‡jvR I wjMwbb

N) †nwg‡mjy‡jvR I wjMwbb

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 118

cvV 5.3 Mvfxi ¯v¯’ m¤§Z jvjbcvjb I †ivMcÖwZ‡iva c×wZ

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

Mvfxi ¯v ’ m¤§Z jvjbcvj‡bi wewae¨e¯’v¸‡jvi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi cÖRbb I cÖm‡e wbRx©evYy c×wZ Aej¤‡bi c×wZ e¨vL¨v K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kxfv‡e Amy¯’ Mvfx‡K my¯’ ‡jvi †_‡K c„_K Ki‡eb I g„Z Mvfxi mrKvi Ki‡eb Zv

ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

bvg, e¨envi gvÎv, cÖ‡qvM c×wZ I mgqmn Mvfxi wewfbœ msµvgK †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK

wUKv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mvfxi ¯v¯’ m¤§Z jvjbcvjb wel‡q B‡Zvg‡a¨B Mvfxi evm¯’vb I cwiPh©v cvV †_‡K Avgiv

wKQyUv †R‡bwQ| GB cv‡V Mvfxi ¯v¯’ m¤§Z jvjbcvjb welqwU AviI mywbw`©ófv‡e Av‡jvPbv

Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¯v¯’ m¤§Z jvjbcvjb ej‡Z Ggb KZ¸‡jv ¯v¯’ MZ wewae¨e ’v‡K †evSvq hv

GhverKvj mviv c„w_ex‡Z cïm¤ú` Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ n‡q G‡m‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

1. evm¯’vb wbg©v‡Y Av‡jv-evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v I `y‡hv©M wbeviY Kiv,

2. Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv,

3. cÖRbb I cÖm‡e RxevYygy³ c×wZ Aej¤b Kiv,

4. gjg~Î wb®‹vkb Kiv,

5. Amy¯’ Mvfx c„_KxKiY I g„Z Mvfxi mrKvi,

6. wbqwgZ K…wgbvkK e¨envi Kiv,

7. msµvgK e¨vwai cÖwZ‡laK wUKv cÖ‡qvM Kiv BZ¨vw`|

GLv‡b G¸‡jv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1. evm ’vb wbg©v‡Y Av‡jv-evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v I `y‡hv©M wbeviY Kiv

†Mvkvjv Ggbfv‡e wbgv©Y Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Mvfxi Rb¨ ch©vß Av‡jv-evZv‡mi e¨e ’v _v‡K|

GKB mv‡_ G‡Z Mvfx‡K cÖvK…wZK y‡hv©M †_‡K i¶v KiviI e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| †h †Kv‡bv

ga¨g AvKv‡ii Mvfx cÖwZw`b 90.1 †KwRi (200 cvDÛ) AwaK evZvm MÖnY K‡i| cÖk¦vmK…Z

evZv‡m Kve©b-WvB-A·vB‡Wi (CO2) AvwaK¨ 0.03% †_‡K 5.53%-G DbœxZ nq| Avi

Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY 20.94% †_‡K 14.29%-G K‡g hvq| GKwU Mvfx †_‡K Ab¨wU Kgc‡¶

1.5 wgUvi (5 dzU) `~‡i ivLv DwPZ| †Mvkvjv wbgv©‡Yi mgq GB welqwU we‡ePbvq ivLv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| †Mvkvjvi RvqMv eivÏI GB wfwˇZB Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Mvfxi ¯v ’ fv‡jv _vK‡e|

2. Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv

Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ me mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY, cvÎ Acwi”Qbœ I †bvsiv

_vK‡j G‡Z mn‡RB wewfbœ †ivMRxevYy evmv eva‡e I d‡j Mvfxi †ivMvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv

†`Lv †`‡e| Kv‡RB GB w`KUvq we‡kl bRi w`‡Z n‡e|

3. cÖRbb I cÖm‡e RxevYygy³ c×wZ Aej¤b Kiv

cÖRbb I cÖm‡ei gva¨‡g Mvfx‡Z †ivMe¨vwa Qov‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ cÖvK…wZK c×wZ‡Z luv‡oi

gva¨‡g cªRbb Kiv‡j GB m¤¢vebvUv †ewk _v‡K| K…wÎg cÖRb‡b †ivMe¨vwa Qov‡bvi cÖ‡Kvc

A‡bK K‡g hvq| wKš‘ Zv hw` wbRx©evYy c×wZ‡Z Kiv bv nq Zvn‡j †ivMe¨vwa Qov‡Z cv‡i,

we‡kl K‡i †hŠb †ivMmg~n| myZivs K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi cÖwZwU c`‡¶c wbR©xevYy c×wZ‡Z Ki‡Z

n‡e| Z‡eB †hŠbe¨vwa Qov‡bv eÜ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov cÖmeKv‡jI h_vixwZ avÎxwe`¨vi

¯v ’ m¤§Z jvjbcvjb ej‡Z

Ggb KZ¸‡jv ¯v ’ MZ

wewae¨e ’v‡K †evSvq hv GB

hverKvj mviv c„w_ex‡Z cïm¤ú`

Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ n‡q G‡m‡Q|

†Mvkvjv Ggbfv‡e wbgv©Y Ki‡Z

n‡e hv‡Z G‡Z Mvfxi Rb¨ ch©vß

Av‡jv-evZvm I cÖvK…wZK y‡hv©M

†_‡K i¶v cvIqvi e¨e ’v _v‡K|

Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ me mgq

cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e|

K…wÎg cÖRb‡b †ivMe¨vwa Qov‡bvi

cÖ‡Kvc Kg _vK‡jI wbRx©evYy

c×wZ Aej¤b Kiv bv n‡j

†ivMe¨vwa Qov‡Z cv‡i|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 119

wbqgKvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j Mvfx †ivMRxevYy KZ©„K AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZwU

†Wqwi dvg© ev cvwievwiK y» Lvgv‡i RxevYygy³ avÎxK¶ ivL‡Z n‡e| wbR©xevYy c×wZ e¨env‡ii

m‡ev©Ëg cš’v n‡jv cwi®‹vi I dzUv‡bv cvwb w`‡q hš¿ cvwZ †aŠZ Kiv| evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ

cwiPvwjZ eo y» Lvgvi¸‡jv‡Z A‡Uv‡K¬f (autoclave) bvgK hš¿ w`‡q hš¿ cvwZ RxevYygy³

K‡i e¨envi Kiv nq|

4. gjg~Î wb®‹vkb Kiv

†Wqwi dvg© ev cvwievwiK y» Lvgvi †hLv‡bB Mvfx jvjbcvjb Kiv n‡e †mLv‡bB gjg~Î wbM©gY

I wb®‹vk‡bi ch©vß e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Mvfxi evm ’v‡b †miKg b`©gv I cqtcÖbvjx ‰Zwi Ki‡Z

n‡e hv‡Z gjg~Î DcRvZ wn‡m‡e mvi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R e¨env‡ii Rb¨ GKwU wbw ©ó ¯’v‡b

msi¶Y Kiv hvq| cÖwZw`b AšÍZ GKevi cvwb †X‡j †Mvkvjv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡m AšÍZ

GKevi RxevYybvkK Ilya, †hgb- wdbvBj (phenyle) ev Av‡qvmvb (iosan) w`‡q †kvab Ki‡Z

n‡e| G‡Z gjg~Î †_‡K Mvfx‡Z †ivMe¨vwa Qov‡bv I cwi‡ek `ywlZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv n«vm cv‡e|

5. Amy¯’ Mvfx c„_KxKiY I g„Z Mvfxi mrKvi Kiv

†h †Kv‡bv y» Lvgv‡i g„Z Mvfxi mrKvi Kivi h_vh_ e¨e ’v ivL‡Z n‡e| Mvfx †Kv‡bv msµvgK

†iv‡M gviv †M‡j Zvi mrKvi cÖ‡qvRb| g„Z Mvfxi ke‡`n gvwUi 0.5 wgUvi wb‡P MZ© K‡i cuy‡Z

†dj‡Z n‡e Ges Dcwifv‡M Pzb ev wW.wW.wU. (D.D.T.) Qwo‡q †kvab Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Amy¯’

Mvfx¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡¶ ivLv DwPZ, we‡kl K‡i AmyLwU hw` †Kv‡bv msµvgK e¨vwa nq|

†Qvuqv‡P Mf©cvZ ev eªæ‡m‡jvwmm †ivM n‡j Zv ¯v ’ m¤§Z wewae¨e¯’v w`‡qB wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e|

†Qvuqv‡P Mf©cvZ Mvfxi GKwU gvivZ¡K e¨vwa| m¨vuZm¨vu‡Z I A¯v ’ Ki cwi‡e‡k GB †iv‡Mi

we Ívi N‡U| GB †iv‡Mi Drm me mgqB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv cÖm~wZ Mvfx| cÖm~wZ K‡¶ †Kv‡bv

Mvfx _vKvKvjxb 3-4 mßvn ch©šÍ Ab¨ my¯’ Mvfxi mskª‡e Avbv hv‡e bv| GKvwaK Mvfx cÖm~wZ

n‡j N‡ii g‡a¨ †eov w`‡q Avjv`v K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| ev”Pv cªm‡ei c‡i cÖm~wZ K¶¸‡jv cwi®‹vi

K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Ges RxevYybvkK Ilya w`‡q †kvab Ki‡Z n‡e| Mf©cv‡Zi †¶‡Î †f‡Uwibvwi

mvR©‡bi civgk©g‡Zv Ilya †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ 62 t GKwU my ’ mej Mvfx

6. wbqwgZ K…wgbvkK e¨envi Kiv

†Wqwi dvg© ev cvwievwiK y»

Lvgvi †hLv‡bB Mvfx jvjbcvjb

Kiv n‡e †mLv‡bB gjg~Î wbM©gY

I wb®‹vk‡bi ch©vß e¨e ’v _vK‡Z

n‡e|

y» Lvgv‡i †Kv‡bv Mvfx msµvgK

†iv‡M gviv †M‡j Zvi mrKvi

cÖ‡qvRb| g„Z Mvfxi ke‡`n

gvwUi 0.5 wgUvi wb‡P MZ© K‡i

cuy‡Z †d‡j Zvi Dcwifv‡M Pzb ev

wW.wW.wU. (D.D.T.) Qwo‡q

†kvab Ki‡Z n‡e|

ewnt I AšÍ t Dfq ciRxexi

weiæ‡×B K…wgbvkK e¨envi Kiv

evÃbxq, we‡kl K‡i hK…r I

Abœbvjxi K…wgi Rb¨ †Zv e‡UB|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 120

K…wgi wWg hÎZÎ †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy we‡kl Dc‡hvMx| wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwQ,

gkv, DKzb, AvUvwj, Ab¨vb¨ KxUcZ½ I kvgyK K…wgmn †ek wKQy †iv‡Mi evnK| Giv wb‡RivB

Avevi ciRxex wn‡m‡e Mvfxi †`‡n Avkªq wb‡q †ek wKQy †ivM m„wó K‡i| myZivs ewnt I AšÍ t Dfq ciRxexi weiæ‡×B K…wgbvkK e¨envi Kiv evÃbxq, we‡kl K‡i hK…r I Abœbvjxi K…wgi

Rb¨ †Zv e‡UB| GQvovI i‡q‡Q KZ¸‡jv GK‡Kvlx ciRxex| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi K…wgi weiæ‡× KvR

K‡i Ggb K…wgbvkK Ilya wbKU¯’ †f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi civgk©g‡Zv wbqwgZ e¨envi K‡i Mvfxi

K…wg `gb Kiv hvq|

7. msµvgK e¨vwai cÖwZ‡laK wUKv cÖ‡qvM Kiv

Mvfxi msµvgK e¨vwai g‡a¨ Lyiv †ivM (foot and mouth disease), ZoKv (anthrax), ev`jv

(black quarter), Mjv‡dvjv (haemorrhagic septicaenia), msµvgK Mf©cvZ (brucellosis), RjvZ¼ (rabies) BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GQvovI g¨v÷vBwUm (mastitis) ev IjvbcÖ vn `y»eZx

Mvfxi GKwU AwZ mvaviY †ivM| Dc‡iv³ †ivM¸‡jvi cÖwZ‡laK ev wUKv miKvixfv‡e G‡`‡k

ˆZwi nq Ges Zv wewfbœ cï nvmcvZvj I wWm&‡cbmvwi‡Z mieivn Kiv nq| Kv‡RB wbKU¯’

†f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi civgk©g‡Zv Mvfx‡K wbqwgZ Gme msµvgK †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK wUKv †`qv

cï †ivM wbevi‡Yi m‡ev©Ëg cš’v| Aek¨ IjvbcÖ v‡ni †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡laK wUKv †bB| GRb¨

†f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi civgk©g‡Zv wPwKrmv KivB DËg|

mviwY 23-G evsjv‡`‡k cÖ ‘Z Mvfxi wewfbœ †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK wUKvi bvg, e¨envi gvÎv, cÖ‡qvM

c×wZ I mgq D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q|

mviwY 23 t evsjv‡`‡k cÖ ‘Z Mvfxi wewfbœ †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK wUKvi bvg, e¨envi gvÎv, cÖ‡qvM c×wZ I

mgq

bvg e¨envi gvÎv cÖ‡qvM c×wZ mgq

ZoKv

†iv‡Mi wUKv

1 wg.wj. Mjvi wXjv Pvgovi wb‡P

Bb‡RKkb w`‡Z n‡e

eQ‡i GKevi wUKv cª‡qvM

Kiv nq

ev`jv

†iv‡Mi wUKv

5 wg.wj. Mjvi wXjv Pvgovi wb‡P

Bb‡RKkb w`‡Z n‡e

6 gvm AšÍi wUKv w`‡Z n‡e

Lyiv †iv‡Mi

wUKv

UªvBf¨v‡j›U- 9 wg.wj.

WvBf¨v‡j›U- 6 wg.wj.

g‡bvf¨v‡j›U- 3 wg.wj.

MjvK¤‡ji Z¡‡Ki wb‡P

Bb‡RKkb w`‡Z n‡e

4-6 gvm cici wUKv w`‡Z

n‡e

Mjv‡dvjv

†iv‡Mi wUKv

2 wg.wj. Mjvi wXjv Pvgovi wb‡P

Bb‡RKkb w`‡Z n‡e

eQ‡i GKevi wUKv w`‡Z n‡e

wiÛvi‡c÷

†iv‡Mi wUKv

1 wg.wj. Pvgovi wb‡P Bb‡RKkb

w`‡Z n‡e

GKevi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j K‡qK

eQi ch©šÍ cªwZ‡iva ¶gZv

_v‡K

Abykxjb (Activity) t Mvfxi †ivMcÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ hv hv Kiv DwPZ Zv hyw³mnKv‡i

wjLyb|

mvigg© t ¯v¯’ m¤§Z jvjbcvjb ej‡Z Ggb KZ¸‡jv ¯v¯’ MZ wewae¨e¯’v‡K †evSvq hv

GhverKvj mviv c„w_ex‡Z cïm¤ú` Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ n‡q G‡m‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ evm¯’vb

wbg©v‡Y Av‡jv-evZv‡mi e¨e ’v I y‡hv©M wbeviY Kiv, Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ

ivLv, cÖRbb I cÖm‡e RxevYygy³ c×wZ Aej¤b Kiv, gjg~Î wb®‹vkb Kiv, Amy ’ Mvfx

wbKU ’ †f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi

civgk©g‡Zv Mvfx‡K wbqwgZ

msµvgK †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK wUKv

†`qv cï †ivM wbevi‡Yi m‡ev©Ëg

cš’v|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 121

c„_KxKiY I g„Z Mvfxi mrKvi Kiv, wbqwgZ K…wgbvkK e¨envi Kiv, msµvgK e¨vwai

cÖwZ‡laK wUKv cÖ‡qvM Kiv BZ¨vw`| Mvfxi wewfbœ †ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ †f‡Uwibvwi mvR©‡bi

civgk©g‡Zv mg‡q wUKv cÖ vb I K…wgbvkK e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 122

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 5.3

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý () w`b|

1| cÖwZ N›Uvq GKwU ga¨g AvKv‡ii Mvfx Kx cwigvY evZvm MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i?

K) 75.1 †KwRi †ewk

L) 100.1 †KwR

M) 90.1 †KwRi †ewk

N) 121.1 †KwR

2| Mvfxi cÖk¦vmK…Z evZv‡m Aw·‡Rb KZ % †_‡K K‡g KZ %-G †b‡g Av‡m?

K) 20.94% †_‡K 14.29%

L) 22.94% †_‡K 16.29%

M) 20.94% †_‡K 15.29%

N) 21.94% †_‡K 14.29%

3| Mvfxi g„Z‡`n gvwUi KZ Mfx‡i cuyZ‡Z n‡e?

K) 1.0 wgUvi

L) 0.75 wgUvi

M) 0.25 wgUvi

N) 0.5 wgUvi

4| evsjv‡`‡k Lyiv †iv‡Mi Kx Kx wUKv Av‡Q?

K) g‡bvf¨v‡j›U I WvBf¨v‡j›U

L) g‡bvf¨v‡j›U, WvBf¨v‡j›U I UªvBf¨v‡j›U

M) WvBf¨v‡j›U I UªvBf¨v‡j›U

N) WvBf¨v‡j›U I †UUªvf¨v‡j›U

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 123

e¨envwiK

cvV 5.4 Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv`¨ cÖ ‘Z Kiv

GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY AvbycvwZK nv‡i wgwk‡q y»eZx Mvfxi Rb¨ `vbv`vi Lv`¨ cÖ ‘Z

Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖvmw½K Z_¨

`y»eZx Mvfxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ DcKiY I Lv`¨ZvwjKvmg n ZvwË¡K cv‡V (cvV 5.3)

Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Lv`¨ ˆZwii c×wZ me Mvfxi Rb¨B GKB iKg| Z‡e, cvjb c×wZ I

D‡Ï‡k¨i wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y Lv`¨ DcKiY¸‡jvi cwigvY Kg‡ewk n‡q _v‡K| GB cv‡V y»eZx

Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv`¨ cÖ ‘Z Kivi GKwU bgybv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

`y»eZx Mvfxi Rb¨ 10 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i cÖ ‘Z cÖYvjx

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY

GRb¨ mviwY 24-G D‡jøwLZ cwigvY Lv`¨ DcKiY wewfbœ cv‡Î msMÖn Kiæb| ZvQvov Kjg,

†cwÝj, ivevi, e¨envwiK LvZv, GKwU Qvjvi e¯Ív BZ¨vw`iI cª‡qvRb n‡e|

mviwY 24 t `y»eZx Mvfxi `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i DcKiYmg ‡ni cwigvY

Dcv`vb cwigvY

wZ‡ji ˆLj 2.5 †KwR

fzÆvi ¸u‡ov 2.5 †KwR

M‡gi fywk 2.5 †KwR

†Lmvwii Wvj 2.5 †KwR

we‡kl ªóe¨ t Gim‡½ 60 MÖvg LwYRc`v_© I 120 MÖvg Lv`¨ je‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|

Kv‡Ri avc

cÖ_‡g N‡ii ïK‡bv †g‡S Svo~ w`‡q cwi®‹vi Kiæb|

cwigv‡Y Kg Ggb DcKiY¸‡jv, †hgb- LwYRc`v_©, Lv`¨ jeY cÖf…wZ GKm‡½

fv‡jvfv‡e †gkvb|

Gici Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY¸‡jvI ch©vqµ‡g GK‡Î fv‡jvfv‡e †gkvb|

GB wgkª‡Yi m‡½ c~‡e© wgwkªZ LwYRc`v_© I Lv`¨ je‡Yi wgkªY †hvM KiæbI fv‡jvfv‡e

wgwk‡q wbb|

mg¯Í wgkªYwU e¯Ívq f‡i gRy` KiæbGes †mLvb †_‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx `y»eZx Mvfx‡K

†L‡Z w`b|

Kv‡Ri avc¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb I wk¶K‡K †`Lvb|

mveavbZv

†fRv, m¨vuZmu¨v‡Z ev Acwi”Qbœ ¯’v‡b Lv`¨ wgwkªZ Ki‡eb bv|

Lv`¨ wgkªY Kivi c~‡e© Aek¨B Lv`¨ DcKi‡Yi ¸Yv¸Y cix¶v K‡i wbb|

†fRv ev QÎvKhy³ I `ywlZ Lv`¨ DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|

Lv`¨ ˆZwii c×wZ me Mvfxi

Rb¨B GKB iKg| Z‡e, cvjb

c×wZ I D‡Ï‡k¨i wfbœZvi

Kvi‡Y Lv`¨ DcKiY¸‡jvi

cwigvY Kg‡ewk n‡q _v‡K|

cwigv‡Y Kg Ggb DcKiY¸‡jv,

†hgb- LwYRc`v_©, Lv`¨ jeY

cÖf…wZ GKm‡½ fv‡jvfv‡e

†gkvb| Gici Ab¨vb¨

DcKiY¸‡jvI ch©vqµ‡g GK‡Î

fv‡jvfv‡e †gkvb|

†fRv, m¨vuZmu¨v‡Z ev Acwi”Qbœ

’v‡b Lv`¨ wgwkªZ Ki‡eb bv|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 124

mvigg© t Lv`¨ ˆZwii c×wZ me Mvfxi Rb¨B GKB iKg| Z‡e cvjb c×wZ I D‡Ï‡k¨i

wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y Lv`¨ DcKiY¸‡jvi cwigvY Kg‡ewk n‡q _v‡K| cwigv‡Y Kg Ggb

DcKiY¸‡jv, †hgb- LwYRc`v_©, Lv`¨ jeY cÖf…wZ GKm‡½ fv‡jvfv‡e †gkv‡Z n‡e| Gici

Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY¸‡jvI ch©vqµ‡g GK‡Î fv‡jvfv‡e †gkv‡Z n‡e| †fRv, m¨vuZmu¨v‡Z ev

Acwi”Qbœ ¯’v‡b Lv`¨ wgkªY Kiv hv‡e bv|

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 5 125

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 5.4

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý () w`b|

1| `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨ wZ‡ji ˆL‡ji cwigvY KZ?

K) 0.5 †KwR

L) 1.5 †KwR

M) 2.5 †KwR

N) 3.5 †KwR

2| †Kvb& ai‡bi Lv`¨ DcKiY e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq?

K) †fRv I mu¨vZmu¨v‡Z

L) QÎvKhy³

M) `ywlZ

N) †fRv ev QÎvKhy³ I `ywlZ

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

M„ncvwjZ cïcvjb 126

P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb - BDwbU 5

msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cªkœ

1| †Mvkvjv ˆZwi‡Z Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e?

2| Mvfxi mvaviY e`Af¨vm ev †`vlµwU¸‡jv Kx Kx? G¸‡jv Kxfv‡e wbivgq Kiv hvq?

3| Mvfxi cÖRbb I cÖmeMZ cwiPh©v eY©bv Kiæb|

4| Mvfxi Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kb? Lv`¨ mylg nIqvi kZ© Kx Kx?

5| †ikb ev Lv`¨ZvwjKv Kx? 200-250 †KwR IR‡bi y»eZx Mvfxi Rb¨ GKwU

Lv`¨ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb|

6| Lv`¨ msi¶Y Kiv nq †Kb?

7| Lo cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZi myweav I Amyweav eY©bv Kiæb|

8| Mvfxi ¯v ’ m¤§Z jvjbcvj‡bi wewa e¨e¯’v¸‡jv Kx Kx?

9| Kxfv‡e cÖRbb I cÖm‡e wbRx©evYy c×wZ Aej¤b Ki‡Z n‡e?

10| evsjv‡`‡k ˆZwi Mvfxi wewfbœ msµvgK †iv‡Mi wUKvi bvg, e¨envi gvÎv, cÖ‡qvM

c×wZ I mgq eY©bv Kiæb|

DËigvjv - BDwbU 5

cvV 5.1

1| N 2| L 3| K 4| M

cvV 5.2

1| K 2| N 3| M 4| L 5| K 6| M

cvV 5.3

1| M 2| K 3| N 4| L

cvV 5.4

1| M 2| N