dartmouth belhachmi ahmad neg texaskinkyvii round4

7/24/2019 Dartmouth Belhachmi Ahmad Neg Texaskinkyvii Round4

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1NC


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CPThe United States should:

- Create a more personal, vivid and relatable education

initiative for military personnel in regards to humantrac!ing, prostitution and se"ual violence

- #old military commanders liable for failure to reasonably

prevent, investigate, or punish a subordinate$s serious

UC%& violation in regards to trac!ing, prostitution and

se"ual violence

- 'liminate Commander discretion in investigation of

se"ual violence allegations and re(uire comprehensive

data collection on allegations and prosecution

- )rant &apan legal *urisdiction for prosecuting crimes byUnited States service members in +!inaa, re(uiring

crimes be brought before a Prosecutorial evie

Commission comprised of +!inaa citi.ens

- Should preempt any state and local las that fail to

meet T/P0 victim-protection standards

- Should revise the Status of orces 0greement to include

an environmental clause that mandates inspection,

mandatory clean-up, and e2orts to reduce noise pollution

- Should cancel plans to build a utenma eplacementacility in #eno!o and +ura 3ay

- Propose to the &apanese government the relocation of

United States military presence from +!inaa to 4yushu,

to be located *ointly ith &apanese Self 5efense orce

units, and propose the creation of a &oint '"peditionary

Unit6

- 'liminate all prohibitions on omen serving in combat

roles in the United States 0rmed orces

- %andate recruiting, retention, and promotion policies forthe United States 0rmed orces that prioriti.e a

substantial increase in the number of omen enrolled in

the United States 0rmed orces and serving in 0rmed

orces leadership positions


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Solves the case:

elocating U6S6 presence to 4yushu eliminates the burden

on +!inaa, preserves the %arines7 e2ectiveness, and

does not re(uire ne base construction

Tomohiro8ara 19, Okinawa Times senior correspondent, Fall 2012,Exploring Solutions to the US !ilitar"#$ase %ssues in Okinawa,& Eurasia$order 'e(iew, )ol *, +o 2, https--src#

hsla(hokudaiac.p-pu/lictn-eurasia/orderre(iew-)ol*2-"arapd

t the risk o opening 3andora4s /ox, it is imperati(e to5nd a wa" to ena/le the !arines torelin6uish Okinawa ithout compromising the &apan-U6S6 alliance, in a

manner that will benet the %arines The issue could /e sol(ed

immediatel" i mainland &apan, not onl" Okinawa, decided to accept the

!arines 7owe(er, it is too late no to build a ne U6S6 military base onmainland 8apan %t is necessar" to set conditions a(ora/le or the !arines in

e"change for them leaving +!inaa9 lthough % am not a strategic or militar" anal"st, %

propose a set o recommendations /ased on "ears o experience in o/ser(ing the !arines in Okinawa9

There %s a Solution9 % /elie(e that these proposals will drastically reduce the

burden o the US militar" presence on the people o Okinawa andalso help

strengthen the 8apan#US alliance9 Firstl", the routine unctions andoperations o the !arines in Okinawa should /e clari5ed:9 ;1< The !arines stationedin Okinawa tra(el to allied countries in the sia#3aci5c region to enhance militar" exchanges through .oint

militar" exercises %n recent "ears, the" ha(e also ocused their e=orts on ci(il a=airs operations, such as

repairing schools and roads or setting up 5eld hospitals to pro(ide medical care or locals in less a>uent

(illages in Southeast sia and elsewhere The" also pro(ide emergenc" rescue operations or large#scale

natural disasters, such as ma.or earth6uakes and tsunamis9 ;2< To pro(ide a uture US presence in the

3aci5c region, the US !arine ?orps is set to network .oint training centers in ustralia, the 3hilippines,

Thailand and South @orea, centering on Auam9 ;*< Around com/at units are dispatched to Okinawa rom

the US or a six#month mission ter recei(ing approximatel" two and a hal months o initial training

the" go on expeditions /" amphi/ious warare ships deplo"ed rom Sase/o The" (isit allied countries to

engage in planned militar" exercises and ci(il a=airs operations Bhen the" return to Okinawa, their six#

month mission is complete and the" are replaced /" the next units 9To continue these missions ,the %arines do not have to stay in +!inaa Those on a six#month rotation ma" /edispatched to Auam, not Okinawa, and achie(e their missions /" tra(eling to allied regions rom Auam and

carr"ing out their other duties rom there % the" need to conduct.oint militar" exerciseswith 8apan4s Sel#5eense orces, the" can do so inlarger areas, such as 7i.udai in

Oita3reecture, the Fu.i !aneu(er reain Camanashi and ShiDuoka, Oh.o.ihara in !i"agiandCausu/etsu in 7okkaido9The Septem/er 2011 issue o Foreign =airs ran an article entitled Tok"o4sTransormation& /" political scientists Eric 7egin/otham, El" 'atner, and 'ichard 8 Samuels The"

theoriDed that the particular location o the !arines is less critical,as long as

training facilities and infrastructure are ade(uate&9 ll the" ha(e to do ischange the rotations Since this means that the US !arine ?orps will lose Okinawa, there will /e certain

damage to their prestige $ut i it is possi/le to o=set their losses, negotiations can /e /rought to a

successul conclusion9The crux o m" recommendations is to set conditionsacceptable to the %arines These conditions would include the pro(ision o

high speed (essels;7S)


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The military7s current failed policies on recruiting,

retention, and promotion of omen and the combat

e"clusion relegate omen to mere to!en status in the

armed forces---reform boosts omen7s prestige andleadership ithin the military---studies prove that has a

transformative e2ect on culture

!egan + Schmid 1;, ?aptain, United States ir Force, 2010, ?omment?O!$T%+A %FFE'E+T E+E!C 3'O3OSGS TO ?7+AE T7E ?UGTU'E OFSEHUG SSUGT %+ T7E !%G%T'C,& )illano(a Gaw 'e(iew, II )ill G 'e( :JI

!ilitar" policiesand leadersK actions that su/ordinate militar" women reinforcethe

pro/lematic aspects o the culture that contri/ute to sexual assault n11L

Thereore, this ?omment proposes that the militar" should ocus on reorms that canhelp

change the culture, such as mo(ing militar" women /e"ond their mere

MtokenM status through recruiting, retention, and promotion e=orts n120 lso,the United States go(ernment should abolish the e"clusion on omen from

combatin order to end the oNcial su/ordination o militar" women n121 Finall",the militar" needs to recogniDe male (ictims o sexual assault /" holding commanders who do not supportthe pre(ention and response program accounta/le n122 P:LQR 9 Ai(ing )alidit" to BomenKs !ilitar"

Ser(ice and Ena/ling !ilitar" Bomen to ?hange the ?ulture 9 Bomen still comprise onl"a/out

ourteen percent o the armed orces, which leadssociologists and legal scholars tola/el their presencein the militar" as to!en n12*Thisminorit" status hampers

womenKs a/ilit" to inuence the militar" culture n12: Thus, altering the

demographics of the military, /" increasing the num/er o women in the

armed orces, ma" /e the most e2ective ay of changing the

military culture n12I 8ust as 3resident Truman successull" ordered the racial integration o themilitar", the 3resident should use the commander#in#chie authorit" to ull"integrate women in the militar" n12 Speci5call", the 3resident could gi(e (alidit"to womenKs militar" ser(ice /" directing the 5o5 to reevaluate

recruitment, retention, and assignment policies a2ecting omen

n12J9 'esearch has shown womenKs token presence in the militar" needs tochange to transorm the culture and end se"ual assault n12Q The o Task Force

on Sexual 7arassment and )iolence at the !ilitar" Ser(ice cademies ound that some mem/ers do

not (alue women as highl" as men /ecause Mwomen are a minorit" , are

excluded rom some o the highl" regarded com/at specialties, and are held todi=erent ph"sical 5tness standardsM n12L The Task Force recommended increasing the num/er o women

P:LLR in ke" leadership positions and the percentage o women at the ser(ice academies to counteract

such de(aluation n1*0 Similarl", sex#integration in the workplace has shown that when present insu/stantial num/ers, omen are vieed as peers and leaders, and the

gender line /ecomes less important n1*1 Studies indicatethat women can inuencecultural change within an organiDation when the" comprisea/out tenty-ve

percent of organi.ation members n1*2 Thus, the o should ocus on

recruiting and retaining more women to increase the percentage o militar"

women# currentl" ourteen percent # to at least twent"#5(epercent n1** %n addition,

i more militar" women were promoted to leadership positions, omen


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ould have the ability to directly in


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pro/lems in enorcement procedures n10: Gegislation instituting such centraliDed record#keepingand o(ersight o militar" sexual misconduct cases has /een proposedin the past,

n10I /ut none has /een adoptedto date n10 PQIR omestic militar" law, then, appears to /e compara/le to ci(ilianlaw in its su/stanti(e aspects /ut ma" /e less stringent in its actual implementation % militar" enorcement mechanisms are in act

comparati(el" weak, then a resulting reduction in deterrence might explain some part o the militar" rape di=erential %mpro(edo(ersight in this area is warranted in order to identify and correct any

patterns of enforcement failure The other /od" o law go(erning rape /" militar" personnel is international

law %t appears that enorcement o the international laws against rape /" militar"

personnel ma" /e e(en more lacking than enorcement o other aspects ointernational law relating to militar" personnel n10J +e(ertheless, it seems unlikel" that an" eature o

international .ustice contri/utes apprecia/l" to the rape di=erential %nternational law clearl" criminaliDes

rape /" militar" personnel n10Q There is, howe(er, e(idence that international lawKsprohi/itionsPQR o rape ha(e /een e(en less su/.ect to enorcement than ha(e

other pro(isions o international criminal law n10L +onetheless, PQJR to date, international criminal lawrelating to militar" personnel has /een so rarel" enorced ## whether regarding rape, murder, assault, or otherwise n110 ## that it seemsunlikel" that di=erential enorcement o international pro(isions accounts or an" signi5cant part o the rape di=erential The proposition thatunderenorcement o international criminal law pro/a/l" contri/utes little to an explanation o the rape di=erential should not /e taken tosuggest that international criminal law could not contri/ute in the uture to a reduction o rape /" militar" personnel There are indications that

the enorcement o international criminal law relating to militar" personnel

ma" improve considerablyin the coming "ears Bithin the past three "ears, we ha(e witnessed the esta/lishmento the %nternational ?riminal Tri/unals or the ormer Cugosla(ia and 'wanda, n111 and the esta/lishment o a permanent %nternational

?riminal ?ourt is /ecoming an e(er more real possi/ilit" n112 The esta/lishment o PQQR such tri/unals orthe

ad.udication o international crimes would /e expected to contri/utesu/stantiall" to enorcement o international criminal law, including the

enorcement o international law prohi/iting rape n11* Thus, international criminal law has thepotential to /ecome a real actor in the deterrence o crime, including rape, /" militar" personnel $ut the inuences o international criminal.ustice pro/a/l" contri/ute little to an explanation o the existing militar" rape di=erential


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50Conventional Prompt )lobal Stri!e funding is insucient

no3rustlein 1?;?orentin $rustlein, head o the eterrence and 3rolieration

research program at the French %nstitute o %nternational 'elations ;%F'%


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ha(e en.o"ed suNcient support rom either ?ongress, the armed orces or the OS t the (er" least, thesecapa/ilities ha(e not /een considered important enough to /e exempted rom /udgetar" cuts The

administration, which had planned in spring 2011 to allocate almost 1Q /illion dollars to ?3AS programso(er the next 5(e "ears, ound itsel orced to drasticall" scale /ack its am/itions in earl" 201:, the

pro.ected credit en(elope or ?3AS programs through 201Q was di(ided /" almost three, to J* million

dollars ;see Figures 2 and *


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close to the most likel" areas o conict s a result, man" anal"sts and militar" oNcials ha(e argued that the United

States must maintain and enhance itslong-range stri!e capability so that it can strike an"where inthe world with orces that are /ased in or near the United States,* or with orces that ha(e the range to reach targets

across the glo/e rom where(er the" are deplo"edThis ouldnot onl" allo the United States to

pursue an adversary ithout relying on forard bases,it would also allow the

United States to reach targets deep inside an enem"4s territor" 3age 2R Y 3age *1R The 3AS mission4s

re6uirements are /ased on the assumption that a future con


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Bestern capitals $ut there4s one area o militar" technolog" "ou4(e pro/a/l" ne(er heard o, where a newand potentiall" dangerous arms race is /rewing and where a crisis could touch o= rapid and uncontrolla/le

escalation The arena or this contest is the o/scure militar" technolog" o ultra#ast, long#range X or/oost#glide X weaponr" Such weapons are designed to /e launched X or M/oostedM X /" large rockets ll

US tests, or example, ha(e used repurposed long#range /allistic missiles that, in a ormer lie, were used

to threaten the So(iet Union with nuclear warheads $ut instead o arcing high a/o(e the Earth like /allistic

missiles, /oost#glide weapons re#enter the atmosphere 6uickl" and then glide at incredi/l" high speeds,

potentiall" or thousands o miles %t4s old news that the United States is currentl" de(eloping /oost#glide

weapons as part o the 3entagon4s? on(entional 3 rompt A lo/al S trike program s originall"

concei(ed a decade ago, this program was intended to produce non#nuclear weapons

capa/le o reaching a target an"where in the world within an hour Thed(anced 7"personic Beapon, on which the lion4s share o unding is currentl" ocused,

would not meet this goal$ut with a range o roughl" I,000 miles, it would still ha(e a muchlonger reach than an" non#nuclear missile the United States currentl" possesses %t now appears that ?hinaand 'ussia are ollowing the United States4 lead ?hina conducted its 5rst test o a /oost#glide weapon,

du//ed BU#1: /" the US epartment o eense, on 8an L This test was not entirel" unexpectedSur(e"s o the unclassi5ed ?hinese technical literature ;such as this one/" Gora Saalman and this one/"

!ark Stokes, /oth o whom are merican experts on ?hinese militar" research< re(eal that theoreticalresearch into /oost#glide weapons has /een going on or some time Still, (er" little inormation a/out the

test itsel is pu/licl" a(aila/le The ?hinese go(ernment hasstatedthat it took place Min our territor"M

Elsewhere, it was reportedthat the missile was launched rom Tai"uan Satellite Gaunch ?enter in Shanxi

pro(ince % these two claims are correct X and that4s an important ca(eat X then together the" impl" thatthe total ight distance must ha(e /een no more than a/out 1,Q00 miles ;the distance rom Tai"uan to the

arthest point still inside ?hina< The upper end o this range would represent an impressi(e technological

/reakthrough $ut it is also possi/le that the BU#1: ew a shorter distance and is simpl" a souped#up

(ersion o its existing anti#ship /allistic missile X the inamous F#21, which has recentl" sparked

concern in the US +a(" X suggesting that the ?hinese approach to /oost#glide weapons de(elopment is

e(olutionar" %n general, the scope and am/ition o the ?hinese program areunclear , including whether the goal is the deli(er" o nuclear or non#nuclear

warheads X or /oth s alwa"s, 'ussia wants a piece o the action too %n

ecem/er 2012, in his annual State o the +ation address, 3resident )ladimir 3utin ga(e ashout#out to the US ? on(entional 3 rompt A lo/al S trike program and

announced a 'ussian response that would include uture Mad(anced

weaponsM Ai(en recent statementsrom other senior 'ussian oNcials explicitl" threatening to de(elopprecision#guided weapons s"stems with Mpracticall" glo/al range, i the US does not pull /ack rom its

program or creating such missile s"stemsM and e(idence o 'ussian ight tests, such ad(anced weapons

almost certainl" include /oost#glide s"stemsThe implications o these de(elopments orsta/ilit" X particularl" in +ortheast sia X could /e proound % $ei.ing

decides to 5eld a /oost#glide weaponX and it would pro/a/l" take at least a decade rom

now or it to do so X there is little dou/t that its primar" target would /e US andallied orces !eanwhile, in a potentiall" dangerous s"mmetr", US oNcials

ha(e indicatedthat the" are considering ac6uiring /oost#glide weapons to

deeat ?hina4s ad(anced deensi(e capa/ilities, including the F#21, and its

anti#satellite weaponsSo what would the addition o /oost#glide weapons mean or a potentialshowdown with ?hina On the one hand, ear o US capa/ilities could deter ?hina rom attempting to

change the territorial status 6uo /" orce On the other, in the e(ent o a conict , theexistence o / oost#glide weapons could make it much harder to manage One

riskX practicall" the onl" one currentl" discussedin the United States X is that, ater urther

de(eloping its earl" warning capa/ilities, ?hina might misidenti" a ?on(entional3rompt A lo/al Strike weapon as a nuclear weapon and initiate a nuclear

response $ut there are other, more likel" pathwa"s to escalation that ha(e

/arel" /een considered For example, /oost#glide weapons might ena/le the

United States to attack ?hinese command and control acilities that are /uried
http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/09/03/silver-bullet-asking-right-questions-about-conventional-prompt-global-strike/gkmphttp://carnegieendowment.org/2013/09/03/silver-bullet-asking-right-questions-about-conventional-prompt-global-strike/gkmphttp://carnegieendowment.org/2013/09/03/silver-bullet-asking-right-questions-about-conventional-prompt-global-strike/gkmphttp://carnegieendowment.org/2013/11/14/china-s-views-on-prompt-global-strike/gsophttp://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/books/chinese-air-force.pdfhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/15/us-china-missile-idUSBREA0E0Z020140115http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/15/us-china-missile-idUSBREA0E0Z020140115http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_01_27_2014_p18-657278.xmlhttp://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_01_27_2014_p18-657278.xmlhttp://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/6402http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20121214/178154441.htmlhttp://russianforces.org/blog/2013/12/test_of_a_hypersonic_vehicle_i.shtmlhttp://carnegieendowment.org/files/cpgs.pdfhttp://www.nipp.org/Publication/Downloads/Downloads%202012/CPGS_REPORT%20for%20web.pdfhttp://carnegieendowment.org/2013/09/03/silver-bullet-asking-right-questions-about-conventional-prompt-global-strike/gkmphttp://carnegieendowment.org/2013/11/14/china-s-views-on-prompt-global-strike/gsophttp://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/books/chinese-air-force.pdfhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/15/us-china-missile-idUSBREA0E0Z020140115http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_01_27_2014_p18-657278.xmlhttp://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/6402http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20121214/178154441.htmlhttp://russianforces.org/blog/2013/12/test_of_a_hypersonic_vehicle_i.shtmlhttp://carnegieendowment.org/files/cpgs.pdfhttp://www.nipp.org/Publication/Downloads/Downloads%202012/CPGS_REPORT%20for%20web.pdf


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too deepl" to /e threatened /" other non#nuclear weapons 7owe(er, ?hinareportedl" uses the same command and control s"stem or its con(entional

and nuclear missiles US attackon this s"stem or the purpose o disa/ling ?hinese

con(entional missiles could,thereore, /e misinterpreted/" $ei.ing as an attack aimedat suppressing its nuclear capa/ilit" apid, uncontrollable escalation

could result 6$ut the risksassociated with de(eloping /oost#glide technolog" are not purel"h"pothetical E(en though these eapons do not yet e"ist, their specter is

alread" inuencingthe nuclear policies o 'ussia and ?hina For example,ear o merican con(entional weapons has sparked an internal ?hinese

de/ate a/out whether $ei.ing should a/andon its long#standing polic" not to

use nuclear weapons 5rst !eanwhile, (arious 'ussian oNcials ha(e repeatedl" indicated a lacko interest in negotiating urther nuclear reductions /ecause the" worr" that doing so would make their

nuclear orces more (ulnera/le to merican con(entional weaponr" %n act, this ear is actuall"leading 'ussia to di(ersi" X not contract X its nuclear orces
http://bos.sagepub.com/content/65/4/53.full.pdf+htmlhttp://carnegieendowment.org/files/cpgs.pdfhttp://bos.sagepub.com/content/65/4/53.full.pdf+htmlhttp://carnegieendowment.org/files/cpgs.pdf


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4The 10C e"presses an attachment to the redemption of

the orld6 Their ethic forecloses the (uestion of hether

0merica ought to e"ist6 0ll discussions of the military ill

be ban!rupt unless rst understand the shortcomings of

the 0merican policy through e"ploration of hat

constitutes modernity and those bodies ho are

incapacitated from debate on pragmatics of 0merican

sovereignty6 The social fabric of 0merica lays in slavery6

@e cannot tal! about the discontents of sovereignty

ithout tal!ing about hat constitutes that sovereignty6

Sovereignty is based on the constitutive e"clusion of the

blac! body6

Se"ton 9;;>8ared, ssociate 3roessor o rican merican Studies andssociate 3roessor o Film and !edia Studies and one third o The Triecta o

Tough, 'ace, +ation, and Empire in a $lackened Borld,& adical #istory

evie%ssue LIR%n the United States, homegrown white supremacists, and the lion4s share o their more moderate

neigh/ors, ha(e long considered /lack people to /e weapons o mass destruction 'acial pro5ling, the

hallmark o 7omeland Securit"4s dreadul encroachments, cut its earsome teeth se(eral "ears prior to the

passage o the US 3T'%OT ct 3rior, as well, to the merican ?i(il Gi/erties Union4s ;?GU< ri(ing while

$lack& campaign in the late 1LL0s prior to the launch o 3resident 'onald 'eagan4s inamous war

on drugs in the earl" 1LQ0s, and e(en to 3resident 'ichard +ixon4s earlierconsolidation o the 5rst trul" nationwide police apparatus in the late 1L0s %n

act, the genealog" o this nearious police practice is properl" charted /e"ond

the twentieth centur" ,reaching /ack, with stunningl" little modi5cation, to the ethos o thecolonial sla(e patrols o the se(enteenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth

centuries Ai(en this line o descent, it is not unreasona/le to sa" that racial pro5ling is the

sine 6ua non o modern policing9%n the consternated deli/erations o national securit", oNcialand unoNcial, 9rom the ounding o the repu/lic to the trumpeting o the newworld order, the social control and crisis management o the /lack population

has alwa"s 5gured centrall" , e(en or perhaps especiall" when matters o

emancipation or racial e6ualit" ha(e /" no means en.o"ed the ocus ode/atecross the sweep o US histor", policing the color line has re6uired no

credi/le threat o in(asion, no e(idence o 9insurrectionar" design, no pro(en stockpile o illicitchemical agents or radioacti(e material, no particular /reach o domestic or international law, no

sensational moral or ethical transgression ;though all o these items, real or imagined, ha(e actored in the

rele(ant discourses, pu/lic and pri(ate


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nature o racial sla(er" as a /rutal regime o la/or exploitation as 9the atrocious ad.unct to land con6uestand the extermination, containment, and-or orced assimilation o indigenous peoples or as an endea(or

unctional to, rather than in excess o and at times at odds with, the ad(ent and maturation o Eurocentriccapitalism O course, all o these procedures ha(e /een important to the histor" o racial sla(er" ;and (ice

(ersa


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demonstrations on the e(e o the US in(asion, political opposition to the war on terroracross the glo/al +orth has /orrowed reel" rom the rhetorical repertoire o

/lack reedom struggle in and /e"ond the United States, /ut it has displa"ed

a striking disinterest in either the political energies or the li(ed experience oactuall" existing /lack communities

+ur interrogation of the anti-blac! policing paradigm is a

stance against gender policing hich sub*ects trans and

gender nonconforming people to a status of capture

asheed and Stanley 1B8anan 'asheed, $rookl"n#/ased conceptualartist W rts editor or Spook !agaDine Eric, 3h in 7ist o ?onsciousness [

U? Santa ?ruD, U? 3resident4s postdoctoral Fellow at U?S, The ?arceral

State,& http--thenewin6uir"com-eatures-the#carceral#state-\more#IQJ02R

?aliornia gets called progressi(e& despite operating one o the world4s largest prison s"stems /olition is not simpl" a

reaction to the prison#industrial complexR /ut a political commitment thatmakes the 3%? impossi/le& writes Eric Stanle" in the introduction to ?apti(e Aenders Trans Em/odiment and the 3rison%ndustrial ?omplex +ourishing these possi/ilities to create a uture in which incarceration and policing are not normaliDed eatures o oursociet" has /een at the core o Stanle"4s academic writing and acti(ist work president postdoctoral ellow in the departments ocommunication and critical gender studies at the Uni(ersit" o ?aliornia, San iego, Stanle" works at the intersections o radical trans-6ueerpolitics and prison a/olition Stanle" has directed the 5lms7omotopia ;200< and ?riminal Zueers ;201*< along with ?hris )argas Stanle" talksto the +ew %n6uir" a/out ?aliornia4s incarceration culture and those who resist it, how language shapes our imagining o a post#incarcerationworld and the importance o 6ueering our con(ersations around the prison#industrial complex Bhat is uni6ue a/out the ?aliornian narrati(eo incarceration and policing 7ow has the histor" o ?aliornia /een shaped /" the prison#industrial complex ?aliornia is in man" wa"sem/lematic o our current moment o US empire Our stage o late li/eralism allows ?aliornia to proclaim itsel /oth the most progressi(e&state while simultaneousl" producing among the most /rutal carceral practices Be can look to ?aliornia and the ?aliornia epartment o?orrections and 'eha/ilitation ;??'< as a cautionar" tale o how e(en well#meaning prison reorm almost alwa"s produces more (iolence,rather than stopping it To understand how progressi(e ?aliornia& /ecame the wa" we talk a/out the operators o one o the largest prisons"stems in the world, we could look to the recent 3roposition :J, the Sae +eigh/orhoods and Schools ct,& or an example %t is championed/" man" state prison#reorm groups /ecause it claims it will help pull some people out o prisons and .ails through resentencing o what thelegislation calls nonserious non(iolent& inmates nd it might] t 5rst glance, this seems like something that all o us 5ghting against theprison#industrial complex ;3%?< could support Be know that decarceration is one strateg" in the long (ision that is a/olition 7owe(er, writteninto the proposition is a pro(ision that would mandate all the sa(ings& rom releasing people /e placed into a und that would increase policepresence in schools and mandate harsher truanc" discipline Bhat looks like a (ictor" in our struggle would actuall" /uild up rather than

dismantle the 3%? s a response to the inamous o(ercrowding o ?aliornia4s prisons, this is something we know would reimprison 10,000people, e(en i 10,000 people are released O(ercrowding is not a malunction o the prison#industrial complex, it4s how it4s designed For amore exacting account o ?aliornia4s carceral topograph", % would deer to 'uthie Ailmore4s amaDing /ook,Aolden Aulag 3risons, Surplus,?risis, and Opposition in Alo/aliDing ?aliornia There, 'uthie helps us understand how la/or and land are central to ?aliornia4s prison growth/ut oten o(erlooked Bhile it seems o/(ious that capitalism is a /ig part o the stor" o imprisonment, Aolden Aulag helps push against theunderstanding that it is onl" important at the le(el o a deendant4s a/ilit" to 5ght charges %denti"ing a structuring logic o the prison#industrial complex, 'uthie suggests her /ook is a/out class war,& and it is % am interested in exacting accounts& % think a/out the prison#industrial complex especiall" in considering who collects and distri/utes inormation a/out it, and the speci5cit" re6uired in descri/ing what itis 7ow does this enumeration, calculation, and collecting urther ser(e the prison#industrial complex s example we might look at the+ational ?rime )ictim Sur(e", a data/ase unneled through the $ureau o 8ustice, is currentl" the onl" space where national /iased& (iolenceis aggregated Bhile ha(ing some important inormation, the data/ase is little more than a misrecognition o the orms o structurala/andonment and direct attack man" people ace e(er"da" Some ha(e argued that i the reporting or (ectors could /e corrected we wouldha(e a more accurate representation o who is targeted or these kinds o harm $ut % want us to undo the argument that more inormation or

research necessaril" produces more li/eration Be ha(e ela/orate data on incarceration rates or /lack

people in the US, and we know that this research has done nothing to curtail therealit" that the prison#industrial complex unctions as anti/lackness E(en i statistics

show how the prison#industrial complex is constituti(el" anti#trans and anti#/lack,

the" don4t halt it % think "ou4re right Be4(e alwa"s known this inormation, /ut that inormation /" itsel is not li/erator" $e"ondthe inormation we ha(e a/out the unctioning o the 3%?, % am also interested in the inormation we ha(e a/out mo(ements challenging the3%? % think it is eas" to conate the m"riad o struggles against the 3%? and this conation can o/scure the work o distincacti(istorganiDations % spent a little o(er a "ear with ?ritical 'esistance, where % learned a/out the distinction /etween a prison#reorm mo(ement anda prison#a/olition mo(ement For those who conceptualiDe prison reorm in terms o more reha/ilitation programs or the ending o mandator"minimums, how does "our work or prison a/olition di=er rom prison reorm Bhat4s the di=erence /etween asserting that the prison s"stem

is /roken (ersus the assertion that is working as it is designed to unction Bhile usuall" suspicious o the work o

/inar" oppositions, % think the distinction /etween reorm and a/olition is (italBhenthe" /ecome conused, we end up with people arguing that 3rop :J is going to sol(ethe pro/lem o mass incarceration& % we sa" that the prison s"stem is working as

designed , that is, as a set o anti/lack, a/leist, and gender#normati(e practices used


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to constrict, and at times li6uidate, people and communities under the empt" signi5erso.ustice& and saet" ,& then we can more ade6uatel" assess what something like 3rop :Jwill actuall" do Trade a ew o the prison s"stem4s current hostages or an expansion

into schools Be oten arri(e at the idea that the s"stem is /roken& not /ecause we ha(e such a strong attachment to the state, /ut/ecause we ha(e a scarcit" o language around the intensit" o its (iolence One o the wa"s its common sense remains entrenched is in ourcollecti(e ina/ilit" to articulate the enormit" o our current conditions %nstead weXm"sel includedXmost oten use language that is readil"a(aila/le, helping sa/otage our own chances o li(ing otherwise %n concrete terms, what does it mean to continue /elie(ing that the prison

s"stem is /roken& % we /elie(e that the prison s"stem is /roken, then we must also /elie(e in its a/ilit" to /e 5xed 7ere we can see how the3%? keeps unctioning through the rehearsal o the /roken s"stem& narrati(e s ngela a(is and man" others ha(e argued, it is precisel"through reorm that the prison#industrial complex expands Be can see the materialit" o this expansion through the mandator" increase inpolice in schools through 3roposition :J % was /orn and raised in ?aliornia and % know this proposition would a=ect m" old students and amil"mem/ers so let4s talk a/out 3rop :J %t is on the +o(em/er : /allot % it is appro(ed /" the state4s (oters, it would reduce the classi5cation omost nonserious and non(iolent propert" and drug crimes& rom a elon" to a misdemeanor 7ow do "ou respond to people who sa" this

reorm, howe(er small, is /etter than nothing at all %n a/olitionist work we sometimes talk a/outnonreormist reorms to think a/out the distance /etween people getting their

immediate needs met , or their conditions made less unli(a/le, and the politicalworlds we want Under our regime o racial capitalism, perhaps all we can inha/it is a

set o shiting contradictions Ai(en this, one o the 6uestions we tr" to continuall" ask is,Bill this reorm /e something we ha(e to 5ght against in 5(e "ears&For me, this is how %determine i the compromise is too dangerous %n the case o ?aliornia4s 3roposition :J, %4m not con(inced it will actuall" lead to the release o

people and will instead urther in(ol(e schools as puniti(e practices Focusing our e=orts onl" on, and in thename o non(iolent and nonserious& incarcerated people can also work to reaNrm

the assumed serious and inescapa/le (iolence o those still inside re we willing toalwa"s allow the state to decide what constitutes the limits o (iolence&Under 3roposition:J, someone who derauds an entire communit" out o their homes ma" /e considered non(iolent,& while someone who /locks their ownhome rom /eing oreclosed could remain imprisoned as a (iolent o=ender % want to talk more a/out the a/olitionist (ision and theconstruction o the (iolent& and non(iolent& o=enders, as well as accounta/ilit" tiring criti6ue o prison a/olition that can make e(en asel#identi5ed radical sound like a mouthpiece or the right is that i we a/olish the 3%?, we will all /e su/.ect to greater risks o harm %nresponse to this assertion, it is important to note at least two related points First, the most dangerous, (iolent people in our societ" are not inprison, /ut are running our militar", go(ernment, prisons, and /anks Secondl", what we ha(e now, e(en or people who ha(e caused harm, isa orm o nonaccounta/ilit" where the sur(i(ors o a (iolation are oten harmed again through the desires o a district attorne" whose onl"interest is con(iction rates n"one who has /een deposed or /een through a trial can attest to this /olition is not simpl" a/out letting

e(er"one out o prison, as our critics like to suggest, although that w ould /e an important component %t isorged in the work o daring to ask what true accounta/ilit", .ustice, and saet" might

look and eel like and what are the wa"s we might /uild our world now so (iolence inall its orms is decreased , rather than something that we onl" attend to post#

inraction % am interested in how we mo(e toward a/olition Bho are the people challenging the normaliDation o incarceration ?an "outalk to us a/out local mo(ements around prison a/olition nd /e"ond ?aliornia, what work is /eing done % ha(e to 5rst gi(e a shout#out to

the Transgender, Aender )ariant %ntersex 8ustice 3ro.ect /ased here in San Francisco TA%83 is an organiDation /" and or ormerl" incarceratedtrans women o color, held down /" !iss !a.or, 8anetta 8ohnson, and others % think what is uni6ue a/out TA%83 is that unlike some antiprisonorganiDations that tokeniDe currentl" or ormerl" incarcerated people, the" center them in e(er" aspect o their work TA%83 is also working

hard on re#entr" or trans women as a/olitionist work Bhen people are released, especiall" those withelonies, the issues that ound them in the prison industrial complex are dramaticall"

compounded Bith almost no resources , people get released into situations that areh"per#policed , and more oten than not people get swept /ack up in the s"stem % wouldalso point people toward ?aliornians or a 'esponsi/le $udget ;?U'3


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7ow does this happen simultaneousl" Bhat are some examples o this resistance to gender normati(it" within prisons $inar"genders ;male-emale< are not something that pre#exist an" institution ;like prisons

dartmouth belhachmi ahmad neg texaskinkyvii round4

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