decentralisation 1 corinne waelti, seecon international gmbh
TRANSCRIPT
Decentralisation
Decentralisation
1
Corinne Waelti, seecon international gmbh
Decentralisation
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Decentralisation
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Implementation
3. Outcomes
4. Case Examples
5. References
3
Decentralisation
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What is Decentralisation and Why is It Needed?
What?
Decentralisation occurs when a central government cedes powers to actors or institutions at lower levels.
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1. Introduction
Why?
•Increased popular participation
•Increased accountability and efficiency
•Needs and preferences of the community can be identified better
•Improved equity and justice
Decentralisation
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Decentralising Water and Sanitation Management
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2. Implementation
Several aspects need to be considered in order to successfully implement a decentralisation process:
1. Central government should work together with local democratic institutions
2. Sufficient and appropriate transfer of power
3. Support equity and justice
4. Establish fair and accessible justification
5. Support local civic education
6. Give it time
7. Monitor and develop
8. Document the process
9. Find places for local meetings
10.Inform the public
11.Avoid corruptionSource: RIBOT (2002)
Decentralisation
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Possible Problems with Implementing Decentralisation
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2. Implementation
• Lacking capacity and resources of the local government
• Insufficient transfer of power
• Corruption and elite capture
• Missing transparency
Source: MASOUD (n.y.)
Decentralisation
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Benefits of Decentralisation
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3. Outcomes
Equity
•Greater retention and fairer distribution
Efficiency
•Accounting for costs in decision making
•Higher accountability
•Reduced transaction costs
•Services are matched to needs
•Mobilisation of local knowledge
•Improved coordination
•Providing local communities with resources can contribute to development
Decentralisation
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Measuring the Success of Decentralisation
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3. Outcomes
There are several difficulties in measuring if a decentralisation act has been successful:
•Data before and after decentralisation is needed in order to make comparisons
•Separating outcomes from other impacts is difficult
•Outcomes cannot be aggregated: How can the success of decentralisation be evaluated if there are positive as well as negative outcomes?
Decentralisation
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Examples for Successful and Unsuccessful Implementation
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4. Case Examples
A success story
Successes:-Government is more responsive to the needs of the poor (more spending on social services, education and training)-Fairer allocation of government funding-Higher accountability due to more active involvement of small groups and higher bottom-up pressure possibility
Example from South Africa, Source: DE JONG (2009)
Example from Bolivia, Source: FAGUET (2003)
Lacking responsibilities
Problems: -Poor government at local level which cannot manage the increased responsibilities-Lack of human resources
Possible Solutions:-Empowering residents with:
- Increased access to information
- Knowledge of rights (law), economics, finance, etc.
Decentralisation
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10
5. ReferencesDE, I. (2009): Can Decentralisation Improve Rural Water Supply Services? Economic and Political Weekly (EPW).
FAGUET, J.P. (2003): Decentralisation and Local Government in Bolivia: An Overview from the Bottom Up. London: Crisis States Programme. URL: sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/decentralisation/bolivia.pdf [Accessed: 27.08.2012]
JONG, D. de (2009): South Africa: Municipal Failures Put Decentralisation at Risk. Den Haag: International Water and Sanitation Center (IRC). URL: http://www.source.irc.nl/page/50704 [Accessed: 27.08.2012].
MASOUD, A. (n.y.): Auditing Poverty – The Cartoons. URL: http://www.srds.co.uk/uapp2/kipanya.htm [Accessed: 27.08.2012].
RIBOT, J. (2002): Democratic Decentralisation of Natural Resources. Institutionalising Popular Participation. World Resources Institute (WRI). URL: pdf.wri.org/ddnr_full_revised.pdf [Accessed: 06.08.2012].
Decentralisation 11
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