deleon shorthistoryofmanoavalley

7/26/2019 Deleon Shorthistoryofmanoavalley

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2/17

Manoa His tor y page 2

at the s i t e of the menehune f or t on Rocky Hil l. Thi s heiau was

the cent er pi ece of a s t r i ng of hei aus that s t r ung acr os s the

Fona ui tr i ct. The exis tence of s uch an impor tant haiau at

the mouth of the val ley could be tak en as an i ndicati on of

the ear ly impor ~nce of banoa~

Al s o accor ding t o legend t o the r ight and r ear of ,

Roc ky Hil l ther e is anot her hi l l known as Puu Pueo. Thi s was

wher e the Owl God, Pueo, r e s ided. Hil l s ide Dr i ve is locat ed

ther e t Oday.3

The ear l ies t agr eed upon hi s t or i cal fact r el at i ng t o the ar ea

conc er ns its elf wi th the naming of the mountai n now call ed

Round Top. I ts ear li er name was Ualakaa or the " r ol li ng potat.o"

becaus e Kamehameha the Gr eat had or dered t hat the whol e ar ea

be plant ed i n s weet potat o.

Becaus e the pl ai n t hat Honol ulu pr oper i s s i t uat ed on t ends

t o be a hot , dr y envi r onment, the Al i i or Hawai ian Royal t y of

the ear ly 1800's wer e known t o make us e of Manoa as a r et r eat

to get away f r omthe hus tl e and bus tl e of the t own' s dus t y

s tr eet s. Of cour s e, ther e ar e n umer ous r efer enc es t o the

conquer er , Kamehameha, pas s ing thr ough the val l ey, muc h i n the

s ame v~y one f i nds s igns all over the Eas t Coas t s ayi ng that

Geor ge as hingt on sl ~pt her e or ther e. The highes t r anki ng

Ali i to make ~noa a fr equent r es idence was Kamehameha's f av orite

wi f e and l at er the dowager r ule of the i s lands , Kaahumanu. She

had a hous e on the Tantal us s ide of the valley, .. whi ch one

wr i t er plac es i n the ar ea of what i s now Ol opua St r eet, about

a mi l e up Oahu Av enue f r om the ai ol i Tea Room. I n the vici ni ty

of Kaahumanu's that c hed hous e a mal l communi ty of Alii devel oped.

Kaahumanu di ed i n thi s hous e i n 1832. 4


3/17

Manoa Hi s t or y page 3

The I i i t ended t o s uppor t the wor k of the mi ss i onar i es and

per i odi cal l y gave them gr ant s of land t o wor k on for the suppor t

of thei r mis s i ons . I n 1829 Chi ef Bok i , the f i r s t Gover nor of

Oahu, gave t o Hi r am Bi ngham a pi ec e of land at the mout h of

t he val l ey call ed Kapunahou aft er the s t r eam that f l owed fr om

the gr ound in that ar ea. This was t o become the i nst i tut i on

t hat fi r s t was t r r e Oahu Coll ege and lat er became Punahou School.

I t was al s o the s i t e of the fi r s t r ecor ded dai r y i n the val ley,

s tar t ed i n 1844 by Wi l l iam Har r i s on Ri ce.

One of the ear l y Eur opeans t o li ve i n the vall ey was J or r n

\ i i l k ens on. Thi s us t r al ian i s c r e di t ed wi t h s tar t i ng the is lands '

fi r s t s ugar plantat i on i n 1825. i n Manoa Valley. Thi s i s al s o

wher e he made the fi r s t or der l y plant i ng of c of f ee i n the

i s lands . Thi s far mer di ed j us t t wo year s af ter hi s ar r i v al

in Hawaii and no one pi c ked up the wor k of hi s plantat i on.

Manoa cont i nued t o be a s our c e of c of fee f or many year s , and

s tunned c of fee t r ees wer e r epor t ed t o be f ound i n the vall ey

as lat e as 1956.

Thes e wer e the exot i c , out of t he or di nar y happeni ngs i n t he

val ley. For the mos t par t the val ley of U~noa was heavi l y wooded

in the begi nni ng of the 19th cent ur y wi t h ohi a and ot her nat i ve

t r ees . The vall ey f l oor was par t i cular l y s ui t ed for the gr owi ng

of wet l and tar o or kal o, and by al l r epor t s Manoa was ext ensi vel y

plant ed i n thi s c r op. I n 1846 the Royal

l and i n t he vall ey f or s al e at a dol lar

gover nment opened the

5an acr e. l~noa al r eady

hA d a Chi nese populat i on, as i n i cat ed by the openi ng of a

6Chi nes e cemetar y i n 1845. The number of peopl e l i vi ng i n the


4/17


val ley was fi r s t r ec or ded i n 1853 and was put at 350. This

fi gur e mus t have been affect ed by t he f act t hat t he Hawai ian

popul at io n was al r eady i n dr ast i ~ dec l ine.

By 1890anoa Val ley was no longer t he plac e i t had been.

Ful l s cale agr i c ul tur e had taken over and put t he l and to us e.

The tar o f ar ming was as ext ens i ve as ever but the far mer s wer e

now Chines e and not Hawaiian. The Chi nes e had c ome to the

val ley af t er l eaving thei r empl oyment wi th the s ugar pla ntat i ons .

,hil e ther e wer e Chi nes e i n Manoa bef or e, t he maj or i ty of thes e

people moved i nt o the val l ey ar ound 1880. This i s a r ough

judgement bas ed on thi s gr oup's movement of f t he plantat i ons

and accept anc e of being i n Hawai i t o st ay. I n 1882 they made

an at tempt t o t ur n the tar o pat c hes i nt o r i c e paddi es , but

wer e unsucces s f ul due a s t r ong wi nd t hat des tr oyed a maj or i t y

of t hei r c r o p. Bec aus e of Manoa's c onf igur at i onr gust y wi nds

that could do thi s wer e common in the val ley. The Chi nes e f a~er s

r etur ned t o t ar o, which was much mor e wind r esi st ent and ver y

pr ofi tabl e at t he t i me.

Dai r y f a r mi ng bec ame an impor tant f ac t or i n Manoa dur i ng t hi s

per i od. The s ides of the mountai ns wer e st r i pped of t hei r t r ee

cov er t o pr o vide pas t ur e land for cows . The bigges t of thes e

far ms was the oodlawn Dai r y and St ock Company, Limi t ed, whi ch

s tar t ed out wit h 10 c ows i n 1879 and had bec nme t he l ar ges t

dai r y i n the Ki ngdom by 1890 wi th i t s her d of 700 head of catt l e.


5/17


A des c r i pt i on of the vall ey a s i t was i n 1890 was given by

Thomas Thr um:

" . . For near l y a mi l e the r oad leads by or along past ur e fi elds

wi th no vi s tage of t r ee or s hr u b other t han the l ant ana pest

and an oc cas t onal alger oba (kiawe), and pas s es al ong Round top

(s i c ) or Ual akaa

" At t hi s s ummi t'of the r oad the whol e val l ey opens out t o

vi ew, the ext ens ive f l at ar ea s et out i n tar o, l ooki ng li ke a

huge checker - boar d, wi th i t s s y met r i cal emer al d s quar es i n t he

middle gr ound, sur r ounded by past ur e f i el ds on the s l opes at

t he bas e of the guar di ng hi l l s . Her e and ther e 'mi d s hel t er i ng

t r ees , humble dwell i ngs dot the sc ene ar ound, whil e up t he r ugged

s l opes the almos t endl es s shades of green, wi th bl ack wor n s eams

of r oc k oft ti mes l ight ened up by 'si l ver y t hr ead of t or r ent' ,

for ms the backgI: Qund to one of t he mos t char mi ng pi ct ur es "

" I t is a mat t er of de e p r egr et t hat the evidences of decl i near e s o appar ent , not only of peopl e, but i n the condi t i on of

t hei r dwel l i ngs . The f or mer r es ident s of the val ley have pas s ed

away, and f ew of the pr es ent i nhabi tants ar e li vi ng on the land

of thei r fat her s , or cont i nui ng thei r indus tr i es . Thes e ar e now

al mos t whol ly i n the hands of the Chines e" 7

Dur i ng this per iod Capt ai n J ohn Kidwell br ought t o t he is l ands

a var iety of pineappl e cal led the Smooth Cayenne i n 1885. He

conduct ed exper iments with this var iet y and 31 other s f r om

ar ound the wor l d at hi s far m in the mout h of the val ley, in

the vi ci nit y of what is now the Univer s i t y of Hawai i. The cayenne,

as a r esult of Ki dwel l ' s wor k, became the bas is of the Hawaii an

pineappl e i ndus t r y.


6/17

Manoa Hi st or y page 6

The 1890's wer e a t i me of pol i t i cal t ur moi l i n t he is l ands .

The Haole c l as s of s ugar pl a nter s and mer c hant s wer e at t empt i ng

t o mat c h thei r ec onomi c c ont r ol of the is lands wi th a new pol i t i cal

one. Thi s was done wi t h for c e but wi t h l i t t l e bl oods hed. Manoa

was the s i t e of o ne the few bat tles fought au r i ng thi s per i od

of po l i t i c al t ur moi l. Rober t Wi l cox an d a band of 50 Hawaiian

l oyali s t s, who wer e at t empt i ng over thr ow the new Haol e gover nment,

we r e camped i n the r ear of the val l ey i n an a r ea des c r i bed as

belo ngi ng t o J ohn Ena. Thi s i s now the l ower par t of the wat er

conser vat i on di st r i c t wher e Par adi s e Par k is l ocat ed. The gover nment ' s

for ces s pot t ed Wi l co x's band on J anuar y 9, 1895, and di spat c hed

two uni t s of r i f l emen totali~g 120 men whi c h s oon engaged the

Hawaii ans i n a s ki r mi s h. The gover nment sent i n an ar t i l l er y

pi ece, whi c h began t o blas t the Hawai iane' posi t i ons. Event ual l y

the out number ed Hawai ia ns r etr eat ed, leavi ng t wo dead behi nd.

Fi ve othe~s wer e take n p r is oner s by the gover nment fo r c es . The

Bat t l e of noa was the l as t of the i l cox Rebell i on. Oddl y i t

i s al s o the l as t r efer enc e t o a lar ge gr oup of Hawai ians bei ng8

in the vall ey.

o longer aft er thi s event but af t er thi ngs had qui et ed down

agai n i n Honolul u, a pont i on of the ~out h of the vall ey was

sub i v ided for r es ident i a l us e. The f i r s t s ubdi vi si o n i n Manoa

was the Seav i ew t r ac t ( i n L ower ~noa near Seavi ew St r eet ) ,

whic h was layed out i n 1886. I t was f ollowed by the Dor ch-Sc hnac k

s ubdivi s i on(on t he Tantal us s ide of the Manoa Road T r iangle) in

1899.


7/17


8/17

l ~noa Hi s t or y page 8

If change s eemed t he qUi ckes t at t he mouth of the val l eY,i t

di d not mean that t her e was n o c hanc e goi ng on i n i ts int er i or .

Sl owl y the popul at i on had begun to change agai n wi th mor e and

mor e Japanes e movi ng int o t he val ley . Wi th t he Japanes e came

a di f f er ent s t yl e of f ar mi ng and di f f er ent crops . The Japanese

who moved i nto ~noa wer e mai nl y v eget abl e. .and fl ower gar deners ,

mak ing t hei r l i vi ng chi ef l y by gr owi ng and mar yet ing thei r

cr ops .

The 0hi nese r esi dent s wer e t o r emai n numer ous j us t in t he

upper val l ey. They c ont i nued to gr ow mai nl y t ar o. Ther e wasanat t empt by s ome of t he Chines e f ar mer s to gr ow pi neapple

in the vall ey f or a whi le. It was f i r s t gr own near t he Chi nes e

Cemetar y and l ater i n the r ear ar ea near Puu Pia. This ended

ar ound the ear l y 1920's .

Al s o dur i ng t hi s per iod dai r y far ming became mor e dif f icult.

The Ter r itor y had ext ended t he wat er s hed f or es t r es e r v e and

r esi dent i al devel opment was cr eeping up f r om the coas t al plain.

Soon the dai r i es wer e look i ng for gr eener pas tur es .

I n 1919 the Hawai i Sugar Planmer s ' Ass oc iat i on es tabl is hed

an exper imental s ubs tati on in t he r ear of the v alley . Her e

s ugar cane was r ai s ed f or exper imental pur pos es . Tr ees f r om

al lov er " he Pacifi c wer e al s o br ought to t he s ubstati on t o s ee

how t hey would adapt t o the Hawai ian envir onme~t .The subs tati on

became Lyon Ar bor et um, whi ch i s par t of t he Uni ver si t y of Hawaii .

I t i s cont i nui ng i t s wor k wi t h for eign tr ees .


9/17


I n 1911 i n Honol ul u br anc h of the Salv at i on Ar my moved s ome

of i t s act i vi t ies to Manoa. I t acqui r ed lands cal l ed Punawai,

known for i t s beaut y and f or havi ng been the c ount r y es tat e

of Kamahameha I I I. I n 1921 the Waio l i Tea Room, the p r es ent

t our is t facil i t y, was buil t .

The mai n ac ces s to the val l ey was by P unahou St r ee~ whi ch

div ided i nto anoa and Eas t Manoa Road as i t does today. I n

1927 Uni ver s i ty Avenue was const r uc t ed t o pr ovi de di r ec t access

fr om oi l ii l i . Befor e that ac ces s t o the east er n Side of the

vall ey was by way of a r oad cal led Vancouver Highway, whi ch

mos t li k ely i s t oday's Vanc ouver Dr i ve, a nar r ow r e s ident i al

st r eet .

I n 193a t he f i r s t c ompr ehens i ve s tudy of t he vall ey was publ i s hed

i n the Bul let i n o f t he Geogr aphi c al Soci et y of Phil adel phia

b y J ohn Wes l ey Coul t er and I f r ed Gomes Ser r ao~Bi l l ed as a

" St udy i n Economi c and Social Geogr aphy" the wor k l ooked at

the val ley's r e s ident s and thei r dai l y act i v i t i es . I t f ocused

muc h of it s ener gy on t he Japanes e r es i dent s , the s econd mos t

numer ous gr oup i n t he val l ey. The Cauc as ian populat i on, whi ch

was the lar ges t ethnic gr oup, pr obabl y di d not i nt er es ~ t he

r es ear cher s as much because t hey wer e not,. exot i l Ct o t hem.

The Haol e c oummuni t y was compr is ed of 800 homes s i t uat ed mai nl y

i n the Col l ege Hills ar ea wes t and nor th of Mid-Paci f i c I ns ti t ut e.a

The ar ea was di vi ded int o~neat l Y i nt er sect i ng networ k of s t r eet s .

" Near l y al l the heads of f amil i es i n the Caucas ian r es ident ial


10/17


11/17


But the f ac t t hat the Chi nese wer e no l onger the domi nant

et hnic gr oup i n the upper val l ey was s hown by. t hat t her e r

wer e onl y 22 Chi nes e chil dr en at t ending Manoa School at the

t i me of t he s t udy and only 10 homes wi th Chi nes e occupant s .The Japanes e c ommuni t y was st r et ched al ong the two mai n

thoroughf ar es , Manoa and Eas t ~anoa Roads , and near thei r

gar dens . os t of thes e f ami l i es s eemed able t o s queez e a l i vi ng

out t r uck f ar mi ng smal l one t o four acr e pl ots of vegetabl es

~nd fl ower s . I t was es t i mat ed t hat i t t ook t wo ar c es i n v egetables

or one half ar ce i n fl ower gar deni ng to s uppor t one famil y.

The vegetables r ai sed by t hes e f ar mer s wer e mos tl y thos e

that woul d not be i nj ur ed by the val ley's f r equent high wi nds .

Thes e i ncl uded Japanes e dr y land tar o, bur doc k, r adi sh, s weet

potat o, and car r ot s . Other var i et i es, l i ke Soy beans , wer e gr own i n

less exposed ar eas . Ther e we r e us ual ly f our cr ops a year whi ch

wer e sol d t o whol esaler s or green gr oc er s i n the ci t y.

Fl ower gar deni ng became pr of i table bec aus e of the Hawai ian

cus t om of gi vi ng " l ei s " or gar l ands of f lower s on s pec ial

occasi ons . The f l ower s identi fi ed as bei ng gr own i n noa wer e

as ter s , gar denias , mar igol ds , af r i can dai si es , eas ter li l i es ,

car nat i ons , and mai den hai r fer ns . The f l ower s wer e gener al l y

sol d t o t he c i ty' s f l or is t s .

The Japanese al s o r an the valley's thr ee banana plantat i ons,

whi ch had 75, 40 and 35 acr es r es pect i vely. The y p r oduced a

t otal of 9,000 t o 10,000 bunc hes of a Chi nese var iety of banana

annual ly. Whi l e mos t of thes e wer e s ol d i n Honol ul u, about a

thi r d of thei r c r op was bei ng s hipped t o San Fr anc is co.


12/17

Manoa His t or y page 12

Ther e wer e al s o thr ee dai r i es i n the vall ey, agai n oper at ed

by the J apanese. They aver aged about 30 acr es a pi ece. Two of

the dair i es s old thei r mi l k t o val ley r es i dent s only whi l e the

thi r d took thei r s t o Honol ul u.

Ther e was a s mal l busi ness dis t r i ct i n the c enter of t he val ley

t hat cat er ed mainl y t o the or i ental populat i on. Ther e wer e t hr ee

gener al s tor es , a laundr y, a bar ber s hop, and two gas ol i ne

s tati ons al l, owned by Ja panese. A Chi nes e r an another gener al

s t or e.

Who wer e t hes e peopl e who s Uddenl y wer e p layi ng s uc h an

impor tant r ol e i n Manoa ? That was the ques ti on that Coul t er and

Ser r ao s et out t o ans wer . Wi th the hel p of an Uni ver is ty s tudent

named Yuki s o Yamamot o, the s tudy delved int o t he s oc ial bac kg r ound

of l ifes of the Japanes e of ~~noa . Almos t ever y fami l y had as

i ts head a per s on who had been bor n i n Japan. About s i xt y per cent

wer e fr o m the s outhe r n Japanes e I s land of Kyuus huu, and another

fi f t een per cent wer e fr om the pr ovi nce of Yamaguchi. Mos t of

them had been far mer s of s mall lots in thei r homeland when they

wer e r ecr ui t ed t o wor k on' t he sugar plantati ons i n Hawai i . Af ter

they l eft the plantat i ons they went back t o the way of l ife

that was natur al t o them. They wer e bother ed, however , by the

f ac t that mos t of themdi d not own the~l and that they wor ked.

Another maj or pr obl em for thes e people was that the ol dergener at i o n of t he Japanes e s t i l l had a s t r ong des i r e t o r etur n

t o t hei r homel and i n the f ut ur e. Thei r childr en, however , wer e

gr owi ng up as Amer i c ans and wer e not i nter es t ed i n going t o

J apan to li v e.


13/17

anoa His tor y page 13

Many of t he f i r s t gener at i on Japanes e di d not s peak Englis h.

Thei r chi ldr en, however , wer e lear ni ng t o us e i t as t hei r f ir s t

l anguage at s chool . The pr incipal of the anoa School was

f or c ed t o us e an int er pr et er t o c ommunicat e wi th t he s chool's

PTA.

The f act t hat t he language bar r ier was developing between

the par ent s and chi l dr en was ans wer ed i n par t by the two

J apanes e Language chool s that wer e mai nt ained i n t he val ley

at the t i me of the s t udy. For t wo hour s a day af ter r egul ar

s chool hour s chi ldr en f r om 176 famil ies att ended thes e s chools ,whi ch t hei r par ent s mai ntai ned f r om thei r meager income. So it

was that thes e s t udents s pent a l ar ge por t man of thei r day

lear ni ng about mer i ca and i t s cul t ur e in thei r r egular s chool

and then two mor e hour s a day lear ning about Japan and thi ngs

J apanes e.

Ther e wer e 293 J apanes e s chool childr en attending Manoa School .

The Hawaiian populati on of t he valley was by now near l y

non-exi s t i ng. Ther e wer e onl y s i x homes ident i fi ed as Hawai ian.

Ot her nat ional i t i es r epres ent ed by number of homes wer e t en

Por t ugues e, fi ve Por t o Ri can, t,o Fi l i pi no, and one Spani sh.

The s tudy gi ves the s tUdent enr oll ment of the Univer s i ty

of Hawaii at the t i me as 1046. Of the s e 395 wer e Japanes e.

No other r acial br eakdown was gi v en.


14/17

Manoa Hi s tor y page 14

Another s tudy was done of the val l ey ~ 1956 by Br yon Emer y.11

I t deal t wi th the nat ur al his tor y and the moder n s et t l ement

pat t er n i n Manoa, wi t h a s pec ial s ect i on devot ed t o the per i od

aft er the Coul t er and Ser r ao s t udy.

Accor di ng t o Emer y, the r e was s ome s mal l gr owth i n t he

r es ident i al di s t r i c t befor e Wor ld War II. Af t er the wa: ! :!.,however ,

the populat i on expl oded, r es ul t i ng i n 21 new hous i ng t r act s

opened bef ore 1955. The populat i on j umped fr om 5,000 i n 1930

t o 15,000 i n 1955, an i nc r eas e of t hr ee t imes i n a 25 year s pan.

Thi s i nc r ease was par t l y due t o a publ i c housi ng pr oj ec t thatwas s i t uat ed between what i s now the begi nni ng of Woodl awn

Dr i ve and Kahal oa Dr i ve. This pr oj ect, known as the r ~noa WaJ :!.

Homes , pr ovided 1,000 hous i ng uni t s t o mi l i t ar y f ami l i es,

f ami l i es of war vet er ans , and low i ncome fami l i es .

Anot her consider abl e c hange was that only 52 per c ent of the

homes i n the onc e exclusi vel y Cauc as ian neighborhood i n Lowen

Manoa cont i nued t o be occupi ed by whi t es . Acc or di ng t o one so ur c e,

the s l op~d ar e a that onc e was the o r igi nal hous i ng t r ac t i n t he

val ley i n t he ar ea of Seavi ew Avenue became k nown as the

" Chi nes e Bever l y Hil l s " due t o the high per centage of peopl e

of t hat ethni c gr oup buyi ng int o t he neighbor hood.12

As the populat i on gr ew, t he impor tance of agr ic ul t ur e decli ned

i n t he val l ey. The water s hed conser vat i on di s tr i ct gr ew t o it s

pr esent boundar i es . The amount of ot her l and avai labl e for

far mi ng cont i nued t o dec r eas e year l y. The tar o pat c hes that

f ollowed t he s t r eam bed down the c ent er of the val ley wer e now


15/17


either vegetabl e gar dens , pas t ur e la nd, or abandoned. The l ow

pr i ce of tar o had cont i nued t o be a pr oblem. Is o muc h of the

s t r eam's water had been div er t ed f or the us e of the i s la nd's

inc r eas ing populat i on. The tar o far ms that wer e i n t he val l ey

fr om the t i me t he fi r s t for eign obBer ver st epped i nt o it wer e

gone f or good. Agr icul t ur e as whol e had t ake~ a les s impor tant

r ole i n the vall ey, but was s t il l heal t hy. Onl y 3.2 per cent

of the val ley's land was now us ed i n agr i cul t ur e as oppos ed

t o the 19.8 per cent us ed f or r es identi a l pur pos es . Ther e wer e

52 f ull t i me f ar mi ng f amili es i n the va ll ey, however , And

banana output had act ual l y i nc r eas ed.

The bus i nes s cent er i n the middl e of the vall ey on Eas t Manoa

Road had al r eady tak en the s hape i t has t oday. Ther e wer e four

gener al s t or es , a coupl e of gas o l i ne s tat i ons , a laundr y, a

baker y, a bar ber s hop, an of f i ce s t r uctur e, and the Manoa

Japanes e Language School al l l ocat ed i n the s ame gener al manner

they ar e t oday. This i s wi th t he excepti on of t hr ee of the

gener al s t or es , whic h ar e no l onger i n exis tenc e. I n the ear l y

1950's t her e was even a t ofu f actor y i n oper at i on.

Tr ans por tat i o n i n and out of t he vall ey had tak en its pr esent

s hape. Eas t Manoa Road had been a nar r ow, di f f i c ul t t o t r avel

r oad unt i l i t was impr oved twic e, once i n 1935 and agai n i n 1950.

Th1s impr ov ed i t gr eat l y. Al l of the mai n t hor o ughf ar es wer e

ci t ed by Emer y as bei ng t oo nar r ow for the tr affi c that f l owed

on t hem. Lowr ey Avenue was s ingl ed o ut as needi ng t o be widened

t o handl e i t s r ol e as the mai n t hor oughfar e c onnec t i ng one s ide

of the val l ey wi th the ot her .


16/17

Manoa His t or y page 16

Publi c t r ans por tat i on impr oved. In 1933 t he r ail- t r ol l ey

li ne t hht r an u p Punahou St r eet was r epla ced by bus s er vi ce.

I n 193~ the Punahou-Nuuanu bus l i ne was r er out ed t o the

Uni ver s i t y s o t he s tudent s c oul d be i nc l uded i n i t s s er vi ce.

And i n 19~1 bus s er vi ce was pr o vided t o Woodlawn f r omKi ng

St r eet.

Af ter thi s per i od ended, Manoa had taken the s h ape i t was

t o maintain t o pr es ent. The publ i c hous ing was tor n down i n

the la te 1950's and a major s uper mar ket, the Saf eway chai n,

moved ont o thi s land. I n the upper wes ter n half of the vall ey

the vegetable far mi ng land cont i nued t o s hr i nk unt i l i t

ai s appear ed. On the ot her s ide of the val ley s ome s mall

gar den-far ms r emain. I n the cons er vat i on dis t r i c t banana far mi ng

cont i nues . For the mos t par t, however , Manoa i s a ver y p leas ant

r es idential community with a s ubur ban char acter .


17/17

deleon shorthistoryofmanoavalley

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