detecting additional polarization modes with...
TRANSCRIPT
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Detecting Additional PolarizationModes with LISA
Lionel Philippoz
Department of PhysicsUniversity of Zurich
La Thuile, 28.03.2017
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Outline
1. Polarization of GW
2. LISA sensitivity to additional modes
3. Mode extraction
4. Comments on LISA
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Motivation
Existence of scalar fields (e.g. Higgs)⇒ Extensions of GR
SGWB possible from unresolved sources⇒ Analyze the polarization content of such asignal
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Polarization
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Polarization (tensor modes from GR)
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Polarization (tensor modes from GR)
eLISA/NGO Yellow Book, 2012
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Polarization (additional modes)
GR: h+ and h×Metric theories of gravity: up to sixpolarizations
Not all of them disappear within the frame of agiven theory
2T, 2V, 2S
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Polarization (additional modes)
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Polarization (additional modes)
hij(ωt − k · x) =∑A
hA(ωt − k · x)eAij
e+ij =
1 0 00 −1 00 0 0
e×ij =
0 1 01 0 00 0 0
exij =
0 0 10 0 01 0 0
eyij =
0 0 00 0 10 1 0
ebij =
1 0 00 1 00 0 0
e lij =
0 0 00 0 00 0 1
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Some examples
Theories Polarization modesGR +, ×Metric f (R) gravity +, ×, b, lPalatini f (R) gravity +, ×Scalar-tensor theory (massive) +, ×, b, lBrans-Dicke theory (massive) +, ×, b, lBrans-Dicke theory (massless) +, ×, bMassive bimetric +, ×, b, l , x , y
......
⇒ There is a way to discriminate those theories!
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Several questions
Without any assumption, a SGWB would contain amixture of all modes:
Is LISA sensitive to additional modes?
SNR for each mode?
How to extract the information regarding theadditional modes?
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Sensitivity
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Sensitivity to additional modes
3 arms, 2.5 millionskm
TDI (X , α, ζ, E , P ,U)
LISA with 3 arms≡ 2 detectors
Simultaneousdetection of 2polarizations
How sensitive?
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LISA: sensitivity to other modes
Noise power spectrum SX (f )
10-4 0.001 0.010 0.100 110-44
10-42
10-40
10-38
10-36
f/Hz
Noisepowerspectrum/Hz⁻¹
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LISA: sensitivity to other modes
RMS GW response XRMS(f )
10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 10010
−4
10−3
10−2
10−1
100
101
f(Hz)
XR
MS(f)
/H
Scalar T
TensorVector
Scalar L
Tinto, Alves, PRD 82, 122003 (2010)
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LISA: sensitivity to other modes
X Sensitivity SNR ·√SX (f )B/XRMS
10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 10010
−24
10−23
10−22
10−21
f(Hz)
X S
ensi
tivity
Scalar T
Tensor
Vector
Scalar L
Tinto, Alves, PRD 82, 122003 (2010) [SNR=5, T=1 year]
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Extraction of the modesfrom a SGWB
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SGWB with all polarization modes
SGWB from many unresolved sources (e.g.produced during inflation):
isotropic
independently polarized
stationary
Gaussian
⇒ Model-independant
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h(t, x) =∑A
∫S2
dΩ
∫ ∞−∞
df hA(f , Ω)e2πif (t−Ωx/c)FA(Ω),
FA: antenna pattern function
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Mode separation: recipe
1. Network of detectors: cross-correlation(to discriminate from stochastic detector noise)
2. Sensitivity to each mode
3. Correlation matrix
Nishizawa et al. PRD 79, 082002 (2009)Nishizawa, Taruya, Kawamura, PRD 81, 104043 (2010)
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Network of detectors
Nishizawa, Ayama, 2013
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Energy densities
ΩAGW(f ) =
1
ρcrit
dρAGWd ln(f )
∝ f 3SAh (f )
ΩTGW = Ω+
GW + Ω×GWΩV
GW = ΩxGW + Ωy
GW
ΩSGW = Ωb
GW + ΩlGW
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Power-spectral density, noise spectrum
s(t) = h(t) + n(t)
〈h∗A(f , Ω)hA′(f ′, Ω′)〉 = δ(f − f ′)1
4πδ2(Ω, Ω′)δAA′ · 1
2SAh (|f |)
〈nI (f )nJ(f ′)〉 =1
2δ(f − f ′)δIJ · PI (|f |)
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Optimal SNR for each mode
SNRM ∝∫ ∞0
df
[(ΩM
gw(f ))2 det F(f )
f 6FM(f )
](1/2),
FMM′ =∑
detector pairs (I , J)
∫ Tobs
0
dtγMIJ (t, f )γM
′
IJ (t, f )
PI (f )PJ(f ),
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Overlap reduction functions γAIJ(f )
Nishizawa, Ayama, 2013
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Mode extraction
Define the statistics
ZIJ ∝∣∣f 3∣∣ s∗I (f )sJ(f )
=∑M
ΩMGWγ
MIJ (f ) + noise
〈ZIJ〉 =∑M
ΩMGWγ
MIJ (f )
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Mode extraction
〈Z12〉〈Z23〉〈Z31〉
=
γT12 γV12 γS12γT23 γV23 γS23γT31 γV31 γS31
ΩTGW
ΩVGW
ΩSGW
Z Π Ω
Ω = Π−1Z (det Π 6= 0)
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Potential problems/solutions for LISA
Full polarization extraction: requires anetwork (future projects?)
Autocorrelation technique:(Tinto, Armstrong, 2013 (1205.4620))
1 single detector with correlated noise∼ 2 colocated/coaligned detectors withuncorrelated noise
But not yet for the full polarization content
Correlation at different times, noise problem tosolve
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Conclusion
LISA sensitive to additional modes
Higher sensitivity to longitudinal scalar/vectormodes
Possible to extract the polarization contentfrom a SGWB signal
Single cluster: simultaneous detection of twopolarizations (3 arms)
Network: Separate detection of all modes
All modes with a single cluster?
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Thank you for your attention!
Moriond 2017 Polarization - LISA