DIABETES MELLITUS

2012

Definition What is Diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases

characterized by high blood sugar levels/ glucose, that result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both.

Etiology

What causes diabetes mellitus? Insufficient production of insulin (either absolutely

or relative to the body's needs) or the inability of cells to use insulin properly and efficiently leads to hyperglycemia and diabetes. This is the primary problem in type 2 diabetes.

The absolute lack of insulin, usually secondary to a destructive process affecting the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas, is the main disorder in type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Clasification of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus type 1 or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas incapable of making insulin. Abnormal antibodies have been found in the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes. The patient with type 1 diabetes must rely on insulin medication for survival.

Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (cont.) Diabetes mellitus type 2 or non-insulin

dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

In type 2 diabetes, patients can still produce insulin, but do so relatively inadequately for their body's needs, particularly in the face of insulin resistance. A major feature of type 2 diabetes is a lack of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the body (particularly fat and muscle cells)

Sign & Symptoms What are the symptoms of Diabetes

Mellitus?

1. Dehydration 2. Weight loss 3. Fatigue, nausea and

vomiting 4. Infections of the

bladder, skin, and

vaginal areas. 5.. Lethargy and Coma

Diagnosed How can we diagnosed diabetes

mellitus?

Normal fasting plasma glucose

levels are less than 100 mg/dl Fasting plasma glucose levels of

more than 126 mg/dl A random blood glucose test can

also be used to diagnose diabetes.

A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dl

or higher indicates diabetes

Complication

What are the complications of Diabetes Mellitus?

Heart and blood vessel disease Nerve damage (neuropathy) Kidney damage (nephropathy) Eye damage (retinopathy) Foot damage Skin and mouth conditions

Treatment

How can we treat the diabetic people?

1. Taking insulin 2. antihiperglicemi drug 3. Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy

weight 4. Eating healthy foods 5. Monitoring blood sugar

Conclusion

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels/ glucose, that result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both.

The important treatment for diabetes mellitus is improve the lifestyle

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is incurable but diabetes mellitus can be controlled to avoid more severe complications.