district survey report district-koderma...
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT
DISTRICT-KODERMA
JHARKHAND
(SAND)
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
PREFACE
In Compliance to the Notification Issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate change Dated 15.01.2016, the preparation of District survey report of River bed
mining in accordance with appendix no. 10 of the notification. It is also mentioned here
that the procedure of preparation of District Survey Report is as per notification
guidelines. Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas &
overview of Mining activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to
Geology & mineral wealth in areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. This report
consists of available mineral resources, geographical set up, environmental and ecological
set up of the District and is based on data of various departments , published reports , and
websites. The data may vary due to flood, heavy rains and other natural calamities.
Therefore, it is recommended that Sub Divisional Level Committee may take into
consideration all its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and recommending the
application for EC to the concerned Authority.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT
As per Gazette notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change a Survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact
Assessment Authority (DEIAA) with assistance of irrigation department, Drainage
department, Forest department, Mining department and Revenue department in the district
for preparation of District Survey Report as per the sustainable Sand mining guidelines to
ensure identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed;
and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and
installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of
replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area.
Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas & overview of Mining
activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to Geology & mineral
wealth in replenish-able and non-replenish-able areas of rivers, stream and other sand
sources. The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation & geology of the
catchment area of the river or streams. Also as per the site conditions and locations, depth
of minable mineral is defined. The area for removal of the mineral in a river or stream is
decided depending on geo-morphology & other factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area
of a particular river or stream. Other constituents like clay and silt are excluded as waste
while calculating the mineral potential of particular river or stream. This District Survey
Report shall form the basis for application for environment clearance, preparation of
reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall be updated once every five years.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CONTENTS
Sl.No Details Page No.
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Location, extent and accessibility 1
1.2 Administrative division and Population 2
1.3 Land Use Pattern, Agriculture, Cropping Pattern 3
2.0 Climate and Rainfall 4
2.1 Rainfall 5
3.0 Physiography 6
3.1 Physiography 6
3.2 Soil 7
3.3 Drainage 7
4.0 Geology 9
4.1 Geological Succession 9
4.2 Ground Water Condition 11
4.3 Hydrogeology 12
4.4 Depth to Water Level 14
5.0 Silent Features of Important Rivers and Stream 17
5.1 Process of Deposition of Sand in the River 18
5.2 Drainage System with description of main Rivers 21
6.0 Overview of Mining Activities 22
6.1 Production & Royalty 22
6.2 Details of Royalty or Revenue received from Settled Balu ghats in last three
years
23
6.3 Details of Royalty or Revenue received from Un- Settled Balu ghats in last
three years
23
6.4 Detail of Production of Sand from Settled Balu ghats in last three years in
district
23
6.5 List of Settled Balu ghats in the District, Location area and Period of
Validity, Production and Royalty
24
6.6 List of Settled Balu ghats in the District, Location, Name of River/Nala,
Area and Potential reserve
25
7.0 Exploration of Potential Sand Deposits 26
7.1 Unsettled Balu ghats of the District 26
7.2 Method for Calculation of Reserves 27
7.3 List of Un-settled Balu ghats in the District Koderma 29
7.4 List of Un-settled Balu ghats in the District, Location, Name of River/Nala,
Area and Potential reserve
29
7.5 Total Potential Sand Deposits of the District 30
7.6 Annual Deposition of Sand /Sediments in Catchment area in Koderma
District
31
7.7 Economic Impact of Mining 31
General Recommendations 32
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
ANNEXURES DETAILS ANNEXURE
NO.
Jharkhand State Sand Mining Policy 2017 I
List of River wise details of Potential Balu ghats in the district II
Field Photographs III
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CHAPTER-01
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Koderma district spreads over an area of 1500 Sq.Km. It is the gateway district of
Jharkhand. Koderma is known as Mica Capital of India. The Koderma district was carved
out from Hazaribagh in April 1994. Koderma district lies in the northern part of the
Jharkhand state and is bounded by the longitude 85°’26’01” and 85°’54’16” E and
latitudes 24°’15’46” and 24°’40’18” N.Area is included in degree sheet 72H and survey of
India toposheets (1:50,000 scale) no. 72H/6,7,10,11,13,14,15,16.The district has a total
area of 1500 sq. km. consisting of six blocks, (Chandwara, Koderma, Jainagar,
Domchanch, Markacho and Satgawan) 80 panchayats and 706 villages. It has a population
of 7,16, 259 persons as per 2011 census.
1.1 LOCATION, EXTENT AND ACCESIBILITY
Nawada district of Bihar lies in
north, Gaya district of Bihar in
west, Giridih district of
Jharkhand in East and
Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand
in south bound the district.
Koderma town is situated at 155
Km north of Ranchi on NH-31
and is well connected by Rail.
Koderma Railway station is on
grand chord railway line
connecting Calcutta and Delhi.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
1.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND POPULATION
The district has got Six administrative blocks namely Satgawan, Domchanch,Koderma,
Markacho, Jainagar and Chandwara. Chandwara block has been included recently by
merging parts of Jainagar and parts of Chauparan blocks in 2005.According to the 2011
census Koderma district has a population of 717,169,roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan
or the US state of Alaska.
This gives it a ranking of 500th in India (out of a total of 640.The district has a population
density of 427 inhabitants per square kilometer .Its population growth rate over the decade
2001-2011 was
32.59%.Koderma has a sex
ratio of 949 females for
every 1000 males, and
a literacy rate of
68.35%Out of which the
rural population is 4.12 lac
which is 82.73% of total
population. The population
density is 287
Persons/Sq.km.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
1.3 LAND USE PATTERN,AGRICULTURE,CROPPING PATTERN
Due to lateritic condition of the soil, deficiency in the rainfall and no major rivers, the
land use pattern is different from the genetic plain. Some irrigated area takes into account
of Rabi, Kharifand oilseeds crops. But generally the area is best suited for vegetables,
medicinal plants and floriculture due to natural drainage of water. Forest area covers about
41%of the total area, Barren and Uncultivable land is 11%, Land put to non-agricultural
use is 7 %, and current fallow is 15 % and 6% area comes under land other than current
fallow. Net area sown is 13 %.
The agricultural production is mainly from pulses and corn. Total irrigated Area in
the district is 3186 ha. Irrigation is done mostly through dug wells, ponds, Bore wells,
minor irrigation and other sources. Irrigation done by dug well is 829.55 hectares.
Irrigation by minor irrigation sources is 226.27 ha. Irrigation done by Ponds in the district
are 612.39 ha.Irrigation done by bore wells in the district comes out to be 931.52 ha.Other
sources of Irrigation contributes about 586.12 ha in the district.
Hilly and more scarp areas have more land under forest, while the flatplateau areas are
used for cultivation. Paddy is the main crop, while maize, pulses and vegetables are grown
in some part of the district.
Land Use in Kodarma District (1997-98):
Sl.No Land Use Pattern Area(%)
01 Forest 42.42 %
02 Net sown area 13.56 %
03 Barren and uncultivable waste 11.36 %
04 Non agricultural use 6.82 %
05 Orchards 2.01 %
06 Pasture 1.11 %
07 Cultivable wasteland 1.52 %
08 Current and other fallow 21.20 %
Source: Fertilizer and Agriculture Statistics, Eastern Region (2003-2004)
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CHAPTER-2
2.0 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL
The calendar year may be divided into three main seasons in the district of Koderma. The
winter season starts form November to February. The summer season is from March to
May and the rainy season is from June to October. In winter early mornings and nights are
cold. Night temperature falls down to 50C or even lower. To the contrast summer is hot
and unpleasant, the temperature rising up to 440 C. The annual average rainfall is 1126
mm. Koderma region receives more rainfall and it gradually decrease in east direction.
Having humid and sub humid tropical monsoon type of climate characterize the
climatic zone of Koderma. In normal year 40-60 mm of rain is received as pre monsoon
shower that help farmer to start land preparation. About 80% of the rain is received during
mid-June to first week of October. Further, 100 mm of rain is received during October and
November. Winter rain during December to February is very helpful for Rabi cultivation.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
2.1 RAINFALL
The average rainfall (06 years) in the district is 871.182 mm.Monthly average rainfall of
the district is given below-
Month 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Average Average Average Average Average Average Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Jan 42.85 0 22.63 12.86 18.73 0 16.1783
Feb 6.06 0 34.26 1.5 1.66 0 7.24667
Mar 1.76 0 18.66 13.75 4.8 0 6.495
April 12.66 8.36 0 38.06 0 0.4 9.91333
May 1.27 104.91 92.8 0.9 28.86 25.41 42.3583
June 125.03 102.33 102.63 136.51 101.03 60.66 104.698
July 245.71 66.71 477.76 302.11 247.36 393.73 288.897
Aug 159.05 262.61 399.3 239.48 323.23 0 230.612
Sep 120.36 138.9 81.63 43.56 310.9 0 115.892
Oct 15.46 195.95 13.03 0 38.1 0 43.7567
Nov 30.81 0 0 0 0 0 5.135
Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total- 761.02 879.77 1242.7 788.73 1074.67 480.2 871.182
TemperatureThe temperature of the district varies between mean minimum temperature
of 10°C in winters and mean maximum temp. of 40°C in summer. Temperature varies
between 40°c to 46°c in general.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CHAPTER-3
3.0 PHYSIOGRAPHY
3.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY
Most part of the district is occupied byKodarma plateau. This area has more slope, which
differentiate it from the Hazaribag plateau which lies in thesouth. The northern scarps have
steep slopes. Average elevation of the area ranges 300 to 500 meters above mean sea level.
The plateau of the district has Dharwanian rocks like quartz and schist containing Pegmatite
veins in which good quality mica is found. Southern part of the district comprised with Archean
granites and gneisses.The general slope of the district is from south to north. Koderma district
is the part of Chotanagpur plateau. The area exhibits undulating topography comprising
hills, hillocks, mounds and plains. Valley fills with low to moderate frequency of
lineaments, pediplains with moderate frequency of lineaments and pediplains are major
geomorphological units of the district. Concentrations of lineaments are more in
Chandwara, Koderma and Jainagar blocks and less in Satgawan and Markacho blocks of
the district. Northern part of the district is occupied by Koderma Reserve forest. The
highest peak is DebourGhati (677 meter) that is the state boundary of Jharkhand and
Bihar.Jainagar, Markacho blocks are covered by pediplain. Koderma block consists
monthly of directed plateau (Hills / Valley). Upper part of Chandwara block consists of
dissected plateau and lowest part by pediplain. Satgawan block is covered by pediplain in
upper parts, ridges and valley in middle parts and erosional valley in lower parts.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
3.2 SOILS
The soils occurring in different landforms have been characterised during soil resource
mapping of the state on 1:250,000 scale (Haldar et al. 1996) and three soil orders namely
Entisols, Inceptisols and Alfisols were observed in Kodarma district.
Alfisols covers 41.4 percent of TGA followed by Inceptisols (34.6 %) and Entisols (22.9
%). The whole Koderma district is divided into the following four types of soils
depending upon lithology and physiography of the area.
1. Reddish yellow, yellow, grayish and yellow deep catenary soil.
2. Hill and forest soil of steep slopes and high-dissected regions.
3. Red yellow and light grey catenary soil
4. Pale yellow, Yellow and pinkish catenary soil on high micaceous schist.
3.3 DRAINAGE
Mainly Barakar, Sakri River and their tributaries drain the district of Koderma. The flow
of Barakar is from west to east and in the southern part of the district. The river
Ponchkhara, Keso, Akto, Gauri and Gukhana nadi flow from west to east and are the
tributaries of Barakar river. Sakri River is the main river of northern part of the district
that flows from Southea st to northwest part of the district. Ghagra and Chhotanari nadi
are the tributaries of Sakri river.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CHAPTER-4
4.0 GEOLOGY
The entire district is underlain by the rocks of wide variety of geological formation
ranging in age from Archean to Recent. The main being Archeanproterozoic, pemo-
carboniferous and recent. Phyllite, Mica Schist, Granite gneiss and intrusive granite are
the main geological formation of the district. Sporadic occurrence of Dolerite, Quartz
pegmatite veins and Quartzite are also found. Few portion of Gondwana sediments are
found in the block of Markacho and Jainagar. Thin deposits of alluvium are found along
the course of rivers. The Geological succession of Koderma district is given below.
4.1 GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
The district is underlain by wide range of geological formations ranging in age from
Archeans to Recent. Phyllite, Mica Schist’s, Granite gneiss and intrusive granites are the
main geological formations of the district. Sporadic occurrence of Dolerite, Quartz, quartz
pegmatite veins and quartzite are also found. Thin venner of thin alluvium are found near
the course of rivers. In koderma district most of the areas are covered by biotite-granite
gneiss, phyllite mica-schist, Intrusive granite, pegmatite veins, Amphibolite hornblende
schist, Quartzite and alluvium.InChandwara block three- fourth areas are covered by
biotite granite gneiss and one-fourth area is covered by Phyllite mica-schist and Quartzite.
In Jainagar block eighty percent area is covered by Biotie granite gneiss and twenty
percent area is covered by quartzite and phyllite mica –schist.Markacho block has forty-
five percent area covered by Phyllite mica schist, forty-five percent area by biotite granite
gneiss and ten percent by Quartzite.Inkoderma block Phyllite-mica schist and Intrusive
granite are the main rock types.InSatgawan block, central portion of the block and
adjacent to Sakri river alluvium is the main formation.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
Southern portion of the district is covered by Intrusive granite, Phyllite –mica
schist and quartzite while the northern portion of the block has Quartzite, Amphibolite
hornblende schist and gneisses are observed.
Table : Geological succession of Koderma mica belt (Mahadevan 2002)
Age Rocktype
Recent Alluvium
Permo-carboniferous Gondwana sediments
----------------------------------------Unconformity-------------------------------------------
Dolerite dyke
Rapakavi granite and pegmatites
Proterozoic Biotiteaugen gneiss
Medium grained massive granites and pegmatites
Massive quartzite with slaty and phyllitic intercalations
Sillimanite muscovite schist ,calc silicate
rocks,hornblende schist
Quartz mica schist
Garnetiferousbiotite schist
Migmatite and composite gneisses
---------------------------------------------Unconformity-------------------------------------------
ArcheanChotanagpur granite gneisses
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
4.2 GROUND WATER CONDITION
i) ARCHEAN AND PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS
Ground water mostly occurs under water table condition in weathered residuum and semi-
confirmed condition in deeper fractures. Maximum thickness of weathered mantle is
attained in Granitic rocks in favorable topographic and drainage condition. These
formations has got yield prospect of approximately 2-20 cu.m/hr.
ii) LOWER GONDWANA ROCKS
Gondwana rocks represent semi-consolidated formations, which are moderately thick but
discontinuous. In the area where lower Gondwana sediments are exposed or underlain in
relatively shallower depth, ground water occurs under water table condition. in relatively
deeper Gondwana aquifer occurs under semi confined to confined condition. They have
yield prospect approximately 3-10 Cu m/hr.
iii) QUATERNARY
Thin deposits of quaternary sediments occur along the river and nala courses. Thickness
of these sediments vary from 2 to 10 m. Ground Water occur under unconfined
conditions.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
4.3 HYDROGEOLOGY- CHARACTERISTIC OF WATER BEARING
FORMATION
The rock type in the area are mainly granite gneiss, schist, pegmatite and Quartzite which
have undergone intensive weathering both due to structural disturbances and physical
condition. Fractures and weathered mantle form the main repository for the movement of
ground water. Owing to the process of weathering the following subsurface section can
normally be found in the district of Koderma. Thickness as well as depth goes on varying
from one place to another.
“D” Soil cover Sandy clay and clayey sand often with Concretion.
“C” Decomposed Zone Altered massive clays commonly plastic (Weathered/pediment)
“B” Disintegrated Zone Disintegrated crystal aggregate and rock (Saprolite) fragments.
“A” Fresh Fracture Zone Fractured rock.
The above profile has been encountered in many places in the district. Near
Domchanch thickness of section “B” is very meager, however, section’C’ in this area is
found to be of considerable thickness.There is variation in porosity and permeability of
the weathered mantle in different zones. Zone’C’ has comparatively more porosity as
compared to other three zones. Thick weathered mantle maybe considered as potential and
productive aquifer. Hence, pediment & buried pediment may be proved as Ground Water
worthy area.
In places where there is thin weathered mantle ground water occurs in the fracture system.
The thin weathered mantles absorb rainfall infiltration and transmit it to deeper fracture
system.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
Fig. 3 Hydrogeological map
(Source- Central Ground Water Board)
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
4.4 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
The depth from ground at which the ground water rests is called Depth to Water level.
According to the survey by Central ground water board, It is deepest during pre monsoon
and attains its maximum peak. It is shallowest during August and again stabilizes during
the month of November and this level represents post -monsoon level. Further the survey
says about Pre-Monsoon and Post- Monsoon depth to Water level as-
a) PRE-MONSOON DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
The depth to water level varies between 3-10 mbgl. Depth to water level in Koderma
block is largely between 3-5 mbgl around Koderma, JhumriTilaiya, Chilongi and
Gajhandi area. In Domchanch, Dhab area it is between 5-10 mbgl. In Chandwara block
depth to water level becomes deeper from north to south. In northern portion the depth to
water level varies between 3-5 mbgl where as in southern portion it varies between 7-10
mbgl. The depth to water level lies between 7-10 mbgl in Markacho block. The Satgawan
block has depth to water level varying between 5-7 mbgl. The shallowest depth to water
level is reported from southern portion of Jainagar block and it varies between 3-5 mbgl.
b) POST- MONSOON DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
In general Post-monsoon depth to water level in Koderma block varies between 2-3 mbgl
except in Gajhandi area and Southern portion of Markacho block where depth to water
level is between 3-4 mbgl. In Satgawan block and Chandwara block post-monsoon depth
to water level varies between 2-3 mbgl. In Markacho block depth to water level varies
between 2-3 mbgl except in southern part where it is between 3-4 mbgl. Jainagar block
has depth to water level between 1-2 mbgl in eastern part and 2-3 mbgl in western part of
the block.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
Fig. 4 Pre-monsoon water level map
(Source- Central Ground Water Board)
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
(Fig-5 Post-monsoon water level map)
Source- Central Ground Water Board
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CHAPTER-5
5.0 SALIENT FEATURES OF IMPORTANT RIVERS AND STREAMS.
RIVERS-
The Barakar River flows in the southern part of the district and supports the multi-
purpose Tilaiya Dam. Poanchkhara, Keso, Akto, Gauri, Gukhana Nadi are the main
tributaries of the Barakar in the district. The Sakri river is the main river in the northern
part of the district. Ghagra nadi, Chhotanari nadi and Tamoriya are the tributaries of
Sakri river.
The Barakar River is the main tributary of the Damodar River in eastern India.
Originating near Padma in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand it flows for 225 kilometres
across the northern part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, mostly in a west to east direction,
before joining the Damodar near Dishergarh in Asansol, Bardhaman district of West
Bengal. It has a catchment area of 6,159 square kilometre. Apart from the two main
tributaries some fifteen medium or small streams join it.
The huge volume of monsoon water was carried down the valley and formerly
created havoc with floods in the lower Damodar basin. Annual rainfall over the basin
varies between 765 and 1,607 millimetres with an average of 1,200 millimetres of which
80 percent occurs during the monsoon season from June to September. In order to harness
the river (along with the Damodar), the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) planned and
implemented independent India's first multipurpose river valley project. The first dam of
the project was constructed across the Barakar at Tilayiain Koderma district of Jharkhand.
The dam is 366 meters long and is 30.18 meters high from the river bed level. Tilaiya
hydel power station is located on the left bank of the river Barakar.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
After the construction of the four dams at Tilayia, Konar, Maithon and Panchet by DVC,
it was observed that the rate of silt inflow into the reservoirs were much higher than what
was anticipated earlier. It threatened the longevity of the reservoirs. The catchment area of
these reservoirs spread over the undulating terrain of the Chota Nagpur plateau is
seriously affected by soil erosion. Large volumes of silt in the form of coarse and fine
sediment is removed from the area by erosion under the impact of the water flow caused
by torrential rain, which runs down the numerous stream channels during the monsoon.
Thus the problem of reservoir siltation assumed great importance in the case of DVC. In
order to prolong the life of the reservoirs, there was need for soil conservation and silt
control. DVC set up a Soil Conservation Department at Hazaribagh to tackle the twin
problems of reservoir siltation and soil deterioration in 1949.
5.1 PROCESS Of DEPOSITION OF SAND/SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS OF THE DISTRICT
There are some important factors which are responsible for the process of sedimentation
in a river basin. These are the stage of river development (the infant, youth, mature or old
stage), lithology and structures of the upstream region or provenance from where
sediments eroded/migrated/travelled, geomorphology and gradient of provenance,
anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrialization and mega engineering projects
such as Dam also affects the process of sedimentation and the thickness of the sequence is
determined by the depth of the stream channel during flood stage and is related to the size
ofriver itself.The deposition in a river bed is more pronounced during rainy season
although the quantum of deposition varies from stream to stream depending upon numbers
of factors such as catchment area, lithology of the area, discharge, river profile and
geomorphology of the river course. The annual deposition of sediments is almost even to
two to three meters. I t is noticed that during rainy season whole of the pit so excavated
is completely filled up by the sand.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
5.2 DRAINAGE SYSTEM WITH DESCRIPTION OF MAIN RIVERS
Sl.
No
.
Name of the
River
Area
drained
(Sq. Km)
% Area
drained in
the
District
Total
Length in
the
District
(in km)
Place of
Origin
Altitude
at Origin
1 Tilaiya 48.65 2.997 14.24
2 Barakar River 51.92 3.199 72.85
Hazaribagh
Forest
(Padma)
420 m
3 Dhadhar River 1.04 0.064 18.29
Madhuban
(Giriak,
Nalanda)
4 Pipradah River 1.48 0.091 26.48
5 PhutahivNala 0.88 0.054 26.59
6 Rajwa River 0.11 0.007 4.53
7 ChhotnarNala 2.30 0.142 25.78
8 Sakri River 8.44 0.520 26.03 Sandohro
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CHAPTER-06
6.0 OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITIES
Sandis the basic raw material for its utilization in any development activity through out
the world. Sand is primarily produced from mining operations on the surface of the earth,
near the river beds and the sand quarrying below the surface of earth. In the earlier time
the mud houses/buildings were constructed with the use of mud . However with the
passage of time, new technique of development activities were started . As such the
demand of Minor Mineral started on an increasing trend. In order to meet the requirement
of raw material for construction, the extraction of sand carried out manually / semi-
mechanized process from the river beds . The production of aggregate area is a function of
the availability of natural resources, the size of population, the economy of the area and
various developmental and infrastructural works being undertaken in the area like road
construction, hydroelectric projects etc. Further, being a low- value, high-volume mineral
commodity, the prices are dramatically affected by transportation distances. If the distance
increases, the transportation cost may increase much more than the cost of the aggregates.
6.1 PRODUCTION AND ROYALTY
There are 20Settledbalughats in the district at different locations in different rivers of the
district where production of sand is in process adding royalty to the State Government.
The total Sand produced from different river beds of district is 0.36846 Million ton
andtotal royalty collected is about eighty five lakh rupees from settled balughat and about
four lakh rupees from those balughats which were settled but lease is not executed or
whose bandobasti is cancelled due to violations of rule.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
6.2 DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED FROM SETTLED
BALU GHATS IN LAST THREE YEARS
SL.NO
YEAR ROYALTY( IN RS.)
SAND 1 2015- 16 5658600
2 2016- 17 1877400
3 2017- 18 1004730
TOTAL 8540730
6.3 DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED FROM UN- SETTLED
BALU GHATS IN LAST THREE YEARS
SL.NO
YEAR ROYALTY( IN RS.)
1 2015- 16 425500
2 2016- 17 -
3 2017- 18 -
TOTAL 425500
6.4 DETAIL OF PRODUCTION OF SAND FROM SETTLED BALU GHATS IN
LAST THREE YEARS IN DISTRICT.
SR.NO YEAR SAND (Million Ton) 1 2015- 16 -
2 2016- 17 0.24326
3 2017- 18 0.1252
TOTAL 0.36846
23
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
6.5 LIST OF SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT, LOCATION AREA
AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY,PRODUCTION AND ROYALTY.
SR.
NO
NAME Of
RIVER
PANCHAYAT AREA
(ACRE)
PERIOD OF
VALIDITY
(Three years)
PRODUCTIO
N OF SAND
(TON)
ROYALTY
RECEIVED
(Rs)
1 AKTO KATTADIH 2.00
22-03-2016 TO 21-03-2019
- 467500
2 HARHARO DANDADIH 40.70
01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019
39600 160800
3 BRAKAR TILOKARI 5.00
01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019
2200 132500
4 BRAKAR KATIYA 3.45
23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019
1200 165600
5 BRAKAR KANKARCHOLI 17.78
25-01-2016 TO 24-01-2019
52400 3608800
6 AKTO TETRAN 11.80
01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019
18000 264800
7 KESO TAMAI 11.25
04-03-2016 TO 03-03-2019
12080 2132000
8 BRAKAR DASHARO KHURD 8.45
01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019
20400 184800
9 KESO BARKI DHAMRAY
3.75 23-06-2016 TO
22-06-2019 20000
64000
10 GAURI KANTI 10.65
01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019
54280 124000
11 BRAKAR JAMKATI (BIRSODIH)
7.60 08.02.2016 TO
07.02.2019 1000
62550
12 GAURI SAMLDIH 6.79
08.02.2016 TO 07.02.2019
23900 122800
13 SAKRI MARCHOI 23.32
04-03-2016 TO 03-03-2019
17800 124400
14 SAKRI TEHRO 12.14
22-03-2016 TO 21-03-2019
84400 124880
15 SAKRI KOLGARMA 4.10
24-04-2016 TO 23-04-2019
- 245600
16 HARHRO PATHALDIH 24.59
23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019
- 192500
17 AKTO LARIYADIH 5.60
23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019
- 60800
18 AKTO MASMOHNA 6.70
23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019
6600 120800
19 KESO KUNDI DHANWAR
8.02 18-02-2016 TO
17-02-2019 14600
181600
20 KESO KARIYAWAN 2.32
28.08.2017 TO 27.08.2020
- 115000
24
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
6.6 LIST OF SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT, LOCATION, NAME
OF RIVER/NALA, AREA AND POTENTIAL RESERVE.
SL. NO
LOCATION NAME OF RIVER/NA
LA
AREA ( ACRE)
LENGTH (M)
WIDTH (M)
DEPTH (M)
TOTAL (Cum)
RESERVE (TON)
RESERVE (MT)
1 KATTADIH AKTO 2 178 63 2.14 23997.96 47995.92 0.047996
2 DANDADIH HARHARO 40.7 250 45.6 3 34200 68400 0.0684
3 TILOKARI BRAKAR 5 294 69 3 60858 121716 0.121716
4 KATIYA BRAKAR 3.45 465 60 1.5 41850 83700 0.0837
5 KANKAR CHOLI
BRAKAR 17.78 850 50 2.6 110500 221000 0.221
6 TETRAN AKTO 11.8 560 139 3 233520 467040 0.46704
7 TAMAI KESO 11.25 650 120 3 234000 468000 0.468
8 DASHARO
KHURD BRAKAR 8.45 744 46 3 102672 205344 0.205344
9 BARKI
DHAMRAI KESO 3.75 196 77 3 45276 90552 0.090552
10 KANTI GAURI 10.65 403 107 3 129363 258726 0.258726
11 JAMKATI
(BIRSODIH) BRAKAR 7.6 97 41 3 11931 23862 0.023862
12 SAMLDIH GAURI 6.79 266 95 3 75810 151620 0.15162
13 MARCHOI SAKRI 23.32 817 115.5 3 283090.5 566181 0.566181
14 TEHRO SAKRI 12.14 800 60.6 2.4 116352 232704 0.232704
15 KOLGARMA SAKRI 4.1 311 53 3 49449 98898 0.098898
16 PATHALDIH HARHRO 24.59 2488 40 3 298560 597120 0.59712
17 LARIYADIH AKTO 5.6 906 25 3 67950 135900 0.1359
18 MASMOHNA AKTO 6.7 630 43 3 81270 162540 0.16254
19 KUNDI
DHANWAR KESO 8.02 532 70 3 111720 223440 0.22344
20 KARIYAWAN KESO 2.32 250 49 3 35960 73500 0.0735
TOTAL 216.01 11687 1368.7
2148329 4298239 4.298239
25
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
CHAPTER-7
7.0 EXPLORATION OF POTENTIAL SAND DEPOSITS
Survey of India Topo-Sheets are used as base map to know the extent of river course, the
district survey report assignments is taken in rainy season, so the approachable and
accessible areas have been physically visited. Google Earth software has helped a lot in
this survey. In order to calculate the mineral deposits in the stream beds, the mineral
constituents have been categorized as clay, silt, sand and boulder. However during present
calculation, the waste material i,e silt which vary from 10 to 20% in different streams has
also been included in the total production. The mineral reserves have been calculated only
upto 3.00 meter depth as mineable depth as per the guidelines of MoEF, although there
are some portions in the river beds such as channel bars, point bars and central islands
where the annual deposition is raising the level of river bed thus causing shifting of the
rivers towards banks resulting in to cutting of banks and at such locations, removal of this
material upto the bed level is essential to control the river flow in its central part to check
the bank cutting. While calculating the mineral potentials, the mineral deposits lying in the
sub-tributaries of that particular stream/river has not been taken into consideration. Since
these mineral deposits are actuallyadding annually to the main river, hence increasing the
mineral wealth of the river.
7.1 UNSETTLED BALUGHATS OF THE DISTRICT
The balughats which are neither settled nor sand has been excavated or mined earlier.
The possible Un-Settled balughats of the district has been identified with the help of
available data in District Mining office , the toposheets , google Earth Software and local
People.
26
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
Several areas in the district has been searched along the main river/ nalasto
identify, demarcate and estimate the potential Sand reserves.
Although this District Project Survey project has been taken up in rainy season, due
efforts has been taken to collect the faithful data related to the balughats. Due to
inaccessibility and non-approachability the length, width and depth of the sand deposit has
been assumed to be so at the site itself.
7.2 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF RESERVES:
For the calculation of total reserves of sand available in the river bed, length, average
width and depth of the river bed for which the exploitation is to be carried out /allowed
under rule / prevailing instructions of the Govt. was taken into consideration. Thevolume
thus obtained is multiplied with the bulk density which has been assumed as 2. For sand
the area being a Granitic terrain. Thus reserves up to particular datum line i.e 3 meter
below the surface have been calculated.
Total reserves of Minor Minerals (Ton)= Length x Width x Height i.e Depth x
Density.
For the annual replenishment of minor mineral reserves, the average annual mean depth
up to which the replenishment of minor mineral takes place annually, has been taken into
consideration which depends upon the annual rainfall factor and geology of the
catchments area.
Thus, the approximate Un-Settled area for Potential Sand deposit would be about 80
Acres under 3rd
or higher stream order( Category II, Balughat as per Jharkhand Sand
Mining Policy,2017) , may be recommended for Jharkhand State Mineral Development
Corporation (JSMDC) which will produce a total Sand Production of about 1.73Million
every year.
27
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
Google Image of Area of Koderma district, Showing rivers of the district
Landsat Image from Google, Area of Koderma district, showing white to pale white
colour as reflection of Existing Sand Deposits on River bed.
28
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
7.3 LIST OF UN-SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT KODERMA :
Sl.
NO
NAME OF
RIVER/STR
EAM
PANCHYAT MAUZA/
PLOT NO
AREA
(IN ACRES)
PERIOD OF
VALIDITY
PRODUCTION
OF SAND
ROYALTY
RECEIVED
1 POANCHK
HARA MARKACHO 15.50 - - 228500
2 DUDHI KANKO 9.10 - - 76500
3 AKTO JOGIYA TILHA PRATAB PUR/ 01
(P) & 69 (P) 10.00
_
_
_
4 BARAKAR CHEHAL
CHEHAL/ 892,
2358 & CHANDRA
PUR/ 732 (p)
43.28
_
_
_
5 BARAKAR SATDIHA SATDIHA / 01 2.53 _ _ _
7.4 LIST OF UN-SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT, LOCATION,
NAME OF RIVER/NALA, AREA AND POTENTIAL RESERVE.
SL.
NO LOCATION
NAME OF
RIVER
/NALA
AREA
IN
ACRE
LENGTH
(M)
WIDTH
(M)
DEPTH
(M)
TOTAL
(Cum)
RESERVE
(TON)
1 MARKAC
HO
POANCHK
HARA 15.5 793 77 2.2 134334.2 268668.4
2 KANKO DUDHI 9.1 968 38 2.3 84603.2 169206.4
3 JOGIYA
TILHA AKTO 10 660 60.6 2.5 99990 199980
4 CHEHAL BARAKAR 43.28 2856.48 60.6 3 519308.1 1038616
5 SATDIHA BARAKAR 2.52 190 53 3 30210 60420
Total
80.4 5467.48 289.2 13 868445.5 1736891
29
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
7.5 TOTAL POTENTIAL SAND DEPOSITS Of THE DISTRICT :
SL. NO
Name of River/Nala
Portion of the
River or Stream
Recommended
for Mineral (in
kilometer)
Length of
area
recommend
ed for
mineral
concession
(in
kilometer)
Average
width of
area
recommen
ded for
mineral
concessio
n (in
meters)
Recommen
ded for
mineral
concession
(in square
meter)
Mineable
mineral
potential (in
metric
tonne) (60%
of total
mineral
potential)
1 AKTO kattadih,Tetran,L
ariyadih,Masmoh
na, Jogiyatilha
2.934 66.12 193996.1 608073
2 HARHARO Pathaldih 2.59 43 111370 399312
3 BARAKAR Satdiha,Chehal,Ja
mkati,
Dasharokhurd,Ka
nkarcholi,katiya,
Tilokari
5.49648 54.22 298019.1 1052795
4 KESO Kariyawan,Kundi
dhanwar,Barkidh
amrai,Tamai
1.628 79 128612 513295
5 GAURI Samldih,Kanti 0.669 101 67569 246207
6 SAKRI Kolgarma,Tehro,
Marchoi,
1.928 76.36 147222.1 538669
7 POANCHKHARA
Markacho 0.793 77 61061 161201
8 DUDHI Kanko 0.968 38 36784 101523
30
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
7.6 ANNUAL DEPOSITION OF SAND /SEDIMENTS IN CATCHMENT AREA IN KODERMA
DISTRICT
There a large number of rivers and streams in the district, but in most of them the supply
of water diminishes rapidly or fails entirely soon after the end of the rains. The landscape
being undulating and abnormally sloping, the nallas, rivulets and rivers rising from the
hillocks and hills send out torrential currents during the rains which generally run to waste
cutting deep ravines and gorges in the basin traces. The carrying capacity of the river
decreases as a result of which all the load carrying by the river is deposited.
This stream has developed a high flood plain near the confluence of rivers as during flood
season the velocity of this stream is checked by the water of rivers and most of sand
sediments load is deposited near the confluence point.
The annual replenishment in the river depends upon the amount of precipitation, velocity
of the river, catchment area and etc. Annual replenishment is depend upon the period of
rainy season and rainfall and surface run-off at different places of the flow of River. To
calculate the replenishment data in rainy season is very difficult. Hence, It is suggested
that before considering the report for environment clearance Joint inspection Team report
must be collected as per the guidelines..
7.7 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MINING
The mining will generate direct and indirect employment during mining operations and
most of the unskilled labour will be used for mining purposes and they will be paid more
than minimum wages prescribed by State Govt. In general, there will be no adverse effect
on human health as no blasting or handling of toxic material is involved. All the safety
measureswill be strictly followed to prevent occupational risk during excavation, loading
and transportation. This will be a good source of revenue generation for the government as
after getting the Environment Clearance, the minor mineral concessioner will have to pay
the Royalty Price, which will enhance the revenue of the State Government.
31
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS:
During the preparation of the present report the two prominent rivers Sakri river and
Barakar river may be considered under category -2 which shall be managed by State
Government through Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corporation Limited
(JSMDC). The prominent rivers/streams has been studied in detail, as the rest of the
streams/rivers either have very insignificant annual replenishment/ approachability
problem or are very narrow at most of the places and as such are not fit for grant of
mineral concession for mineral based industries, however it is also important to mention
here that because of the regular demand of sand for the developmental activities in the
respective areas, such streams are prone to illegal mining, It is suggested that the auctions
of Sand deposits be done regularly to meet out the local demand subject to the approval
from the joint Inspection Committee as per Jharkhand Minor Mineral Concession Rules
2017 and Jharkhand Sand Mining Policy 2017.These mineral concessions shall also
reduce demand load and will be helpful to minimize illegal extraction of minerals, failure
of which may result in to illegal mining at odd hours and shall be haphazard and more
detrimental to the local ecology. Irrespective of it following geo-scientific considerations
are also suggested to be taken into account during the river bed mining in a particular area:
1. Abandoned stream channels or terrace and inactive floodplains may be preferred rather
than active channels and their deltas and floodplains.
2. Stream should not be diverted to form inactive channel.
3. Mining below subterranean water level should be avoided as a safeguard against
environmental contamination and over exploitation of resources.
32
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
4. Large rivers and streams whose periodic sediment replenishment capacities are larger,
may be preferred than smaller rivers.
5. Segments of braided river system should be used preferably falling within the lateral
migration area of the river regime that enhances the feasibility of sediment replenishment.
6. Mining at the concave side of the river channel should be avoided to prevent bank
erosion. Similarly meandering segment of a river should be selected for mining in such a
way as to avoid natural eroding banks and to promote mining on naturally building
(aggrading) meander components.
7. Continued riverbed material mining in a given segment of the river will induce seasonal
scouring and intensify the erosion activity within the channel. This will have an adverse
effect not only within the mining area but also both in upstream and downstream of the
river course. Hazardous effects of such scouring and enhanced erosion due to riverbed
mining should be evaluated periodically and avoided for sustainable mining activities.
8. Mining area should be demarcated on the ground with Pucca pillars so as to avoid
illegal unscientific mining.
9. It is recommended that Sub Divisional Level Committee may take into consideration all
its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and recommending the application for EC to
the concerned Authority.
33
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
34
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
v
35
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
36
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
37
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
ANNEXURE-II
LIST OF RIVER WISE DETAILS OF POTENTIAL BALUGHATS IN THE
DISTRICT.
SL. NO
LOCATION NAME OF
RIVER/NALA AREA
(ACRE) LENGTH
(M) LENGTH
(KM) WIDTH
(M) DEPTH
(M) TOTAL (Cum)
RESERVE (TON)
AKTO RIVER
1 KATTADIH AKTO 2 178 0.178 63 2.14 23997.96 47995.92
2 TETRAN AKTO 11.8 560 0.56 139 3 233520 467040 3
JOGIYA TILHA AKTO 10 660 0.66 60.6 2.5 99990 199980
4 LARIYADIH AKTO 5.6 906 0.906 25 3 67950 135900
5 MASMOHNA AKTO 6.7 630 0.63 43 3 81270 162540
36.1 2934 2.934 506728 1013456
HARHARO RIVER
6 DANDADIH HARHARO 40.7 250 0.25 45.6 3 34200 68400
7 PATHALDIH HARHRO 24.59 2488 2.488 40 3 298560 597120
65.29 2738 2.738 332760 665520
BARAKAR RIVER
8 TILOKARI BRAKAR 5 294 0.294 69 3 60858 121716
9 KATIYA BRAKAR 3.45 465 0.465 60 1.5 41850 83700
10 KANKARCHOLI BRAKAR 17.78 850 0.85 50 2.6 110500 221000
11 DASHARO
KHURD BRAKAR 8.45 744 0.744 46 3 102672 205344
12 JAMKATI
(BIRSODIH) BRAKAR 7.6 97 0.097 41 3 11931 23862
13 CHEHAL BARAKAR 43.28 2856.48 2.85648 60.6 3 519308.1 1038616
14 SATDIHA BARAKAR 2.52 190 0.19 53 3 30210 60420
88.08 5496.48 5.49648 877329.1 1754658
38
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
KESO RIVER
15 TAMAI KESO 11.25 650 0.65 120 3 234000 468000
16 KUNDI
DHANWAR KESO 8.02 532 0.532 70 3 111720 223440
17 BARKI
DHAMRAI KESO 3.75 196 0.196 77 3 45276 90552
18 KARIYAWAN KESO 2.32 250 0.25 49 3 35960 73500
25.34 1628 1.628 426956 855492
GAURI RIVER
19 KANTI GAURI 10.65 403 0.403 107 3 129363 258726
20 SAMLDIH GAURI 6.79 266 0.266 95 3 75810 151620
17.44 669 0.669 205173 410346
SAKRI RIVER
21 MARCHOI SAKRI 23.32 817 0.817 115.5 3 283090.5 566181
22 TEHRO SAKRI 12.14 800 0.8 60.6 2.4 116352 232704
23 KOLGARMA SAKRI 4.1 311 0.311 53 3 49449 98898
39.56 1928 1.928 448891.5 897783
POANCHKHARA RIVER
24 MARKACHO POANCHKHARA 15.5 793 0.793 77 2.2 134334.2 268668.4
DUDHI RIVER
25 KANKO DUDHI 9.1 968 0.968 38 2.3 84603.2 169206.4
39
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
ANNEXURE-II
FIELD PHOTOGRAPHS
40
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
41
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
42
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE
43