Do Now:

• “Just as the 19th century belonged to coal and the 20th century to oil, the 21st century will belong to the sun, the wind, and energy from within the earth.”

Lester BrownDo you think this quote is true? Will our energy sources

change within our life time? Explain.

Aim: Why is energy efficiency an important energy resource?

• Improving energy efficiency can save the world at least a third of the energy it uses, and it can save the United States up to 43% of the energy it uses.

Core Case Study: Amory Lovins and The Rocky Mountain Institute

• Amory Lovins, energy analyst

• Rocky Mountain Institute• Nonprofit and nonpartisan• Research and consulting on energy, energy efficiency,

and renewable energy• Consults with 80 major corporations and 50 foreign

countries

Core Case Study: Amory Lovins and The Rocky Mountain Institute

• Location: Snowmass, CO (U.S.)

• No conventional heating system

• Heating bills: <$50/year

• How is this possible?

Sustainable Energy: Rocky Mountain Institute in Colorado, U.S.

Fig. 16-1, p. 397

We Waste Huge Amounts of Energy • Energy efficiency: the measure of how much work

we can get from each unit of energy.

• Advantages of reducing energy waste:• Quick and clean• Usually the cheapest to provide more energy• Reduce pollution and degradation• Slow global warming• Increase economic and national security

We Waste Huge Amounts of Energy

Four widely used devices that waste energy1. Incandescent light bulb2. Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine3. Nuclear power plant4. Coal-fired power plant

Flow of Commercial Energy through the U.S. Economy

Fig. 16-2, p. 399

What are someWays we waste energy?

Advantages of Reducing Energy Waste

Fig. 16-3, p. 399

Which two of theseBenefits do you thinkAre the most important? Why?

Aim: How Can We Cut Energy Waste?

• We have a variety of technologies for sharply increasing the energy efficiency of industrial operations, motor vehicles, and buildings.

We Can Save Energy and Money in Industry and Utilities

• Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP)• Two forms of energy from same fuel source (steam and electricity)

• Replace energy-wasting electric motors

• Recycling materials

• Switch from low-efficiency incandescent lighting to higher-efficiency fluorescent and LED lighting

LEDs: Where do you use them?

Fig. 16-4, p. 401

Save enough energy to close 700 of theWorld’s coal burning electric plants.

We Can Save Energy and Money in Industry and Utilities

• Electrical grid system: outdated and wasteful

• Utility companies switching from promote use of energy to promoting energy efficiency• Spurred by state utility commissions

Case Study: Saving Energy and Money with a Smarter Electrical Grid

• Smart grid• Ultra-high-voltage• Super-efficient transmission lines• Digitally controlled• Responds to local changes in demand and supply• Two-way flow of energy and information• Smart meters show consumers how much energy

each appliance uses

• U.S cost -- $200-$800 billion; save $100 billion/year

Proposed U.S. Smart Grid

Figure 20, Supplement 8

According to this map, which two areas of the country are not beingConsidered for new high voltage transmission lines?

We Can Save Energy and Money in Transportation

• Corporate average fuel standards (CAFE) standards• Fuel economy standards lower in the U.S. countries• Fuel-efficient cars are on the market

• Hidden prices in gasoline: $12/gallon• Car manufacturers and oil companies lobby to

prevent laws to raise fuel taxes

• Should there be a feebate?

Average Fuel Economy of New Vehicles Sold in the U.S. and Other Countries

Fig. 16-5, p. 402

More Energy-Efficient Vehicles Are on the Way

• Superefficient and ultralight cars

• Gasoline-electric hybrid car

• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

• Energy-efficient diesel car

• Electric vehicle with a fuel cell

Electric Car Video:

• What are the advantages to using an electric car?• How do they work?

Solutions: A Hybrid-Gasoline-Electric Engine Car and a Plug-in Hybrid Car

Fig. 16-6, p. 403

Light-Weight Carbon Composite Concept Car

Fig. 16-7, p. 405

We Can Design Buildings That Save Energy and Money

• Green architecture

• Living or green roofs

• Superinsulation

• U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

A Green Roof in Chicago

Fig. 16-8, p. 405

We Can Save Money and Energy in Existing Buildings

• Conduct an energy survey

• Insulate and plug leaks

• Use energy-efficient windows

• Stop other heating and cooling losses

• Heat houses more efficiently

We Can Save Money and Energy in Existing Buildings

• Heat water more efficiently

• Use energy-efficient appliances

• Use energy-efficient lighting

A Thermogram Shows Heat Loss

Fig. 16-9, p. 406

Individuals Matter: Ways in Which You Can Save Money Where You Live

Fig. 16-10, p. 407

Outside Plant deciduous trees to blocksummer sun and let in wintersunlight.

Other rooms • Use compact fluorescent lightbulbs or LEDs and avoid using incandescent bulbs wherever possible.• Turn off lights, computers, TV, and other electronic devices when they are not in use.• Use high efficiency windows; use insulating window covers and close them at night and on sunny, hot days.• Set thermostat as low as you can in winter and as high as you can in summer.• Weather-strip and caulk doors, windows, light fixtures, and wall sockets.• Keep heating and cooling vents free of obstructions.• Keep fireplace damper closed when not in use.• Use fans instead of, or along with, air conditioning.

Bathroom• Install water-saving toilets, faucets, and shower heads.• Repair water leaks promptly.

Stepped Art

Attic• Hang reflective foil near roof to reflect heat.• Use house fan.• Be sure attic insulation is at least 30 centimeters (12 inches).

Kitchen• Use microwave rather than stove or oven as much as possible.• Run only full loads in dishwasher and use low- or no-heat drying.• Clean refrigerator coils regularly.

Basement or utility room • Use front-loading clothes washer. If possible run only full loads with warm or cold water.

• Hang clothes on racks for drying.• Run only full loads in clothes dryer and use lower heat setting.• Set water heater at 140° if dishwasher is used and 120° or lower if no dishwasher is used.

• Use water heater thermal blanket.• Insulate exposed hot water pipes.• Regularly clean or replace furnace filters.

Fig. 16-10, p. 407

Why Are We Still Wasting So Much Energy?

• Energy remains artificially cheap• Government subsidies• Tax breaks• Prices don’t include true cost

• Few large and long-lasting incentives• Tax breaks• Rebates• Low-interest loans

We Can Use Renewable Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity

• Renewable energy• Solar energy: direct or indirect• Geothermal energy

• Benefits of shifting toward renewable energy

• Renewable energy cheaper if we eliminate• Inequitable subsidies• Inaccurate prices• Artificially low pricing of nonrenewable energy

Summary:

• Congratulations! You have won $500,000.00 to build a more sustainable house of your choice. With the goal of maximizing energy efficiency, what type of house would you build? How large would it be? Where would you locate it? What type of materials would you NOT use? How would you heat and cool the house? What type of appliances would you use, what could you do without?