do right now define the term absolute ruler in your own words, then provide 3 examples of an...
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Do Right NowDo Right Now
Define the term Absolute Ruler in Define the term Absolute Ruler in your own words, then provide 3 your own words, then provide 3 examples of an Absolute Rulerexamples of an Absolute Ruler
Spain’s Empire and Spain’s Empire and European AbsolutismEuropean Absolutism
Chapter 5, Section 1Chapter 5, Section 1
A Powerful Spanish EmpireA Powerful Spanish Empire
A New Spanish RulerA New Spanish Ruler– In 1556, Philip II begins ruling Spain and In 1556, Philip II begins ruling Spain and
its possessionsits possessions Philip II’s EmpirePhilip II’s Empire
– Philip seizes Portugal in 1580Philip seizes Portugal in 1580– Gold and silver from Americas make Gold and silver from Americas make
Spain extremely wealthySpain extremely wealthy
A Powerful Spanish EmpireA Powerful Spanish Empire
Defender of CatholicismDefender of Catholicism– Philip defends Catholicism against Philip defends Catholicism against
Muslims and ProtestantsMuslims and Protestants– Spanish fleet helps defeat Ottomans at Spanish fleet helps defeat Ottomans at
Lepanto in 1571.Lepanto in 1571.– Spanish Armada is defeated by the Spanish Armada is defeated by the
British in 1588.British in 1588.
The Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire WeakensWeakens
Inflation and TaxesInflation and Taxes– Inflation weakens Spain’s economy.Inflation weakens Spain’s economy.– Taxes on lower class prevents development of Taxes on lower class prevents development of
middle class.middle class. Making Spain’s Enemies RichMaking Spain’s Enemies Rich
– Spaniards buy goods abroad, making Spain’s Spaniards buy goods abroad, making Spain’s enemies rich.enemies rich.
– Philip declares bankruptcy three times due to Philip declares bankruptcy three times due to weak economy.weak economy.
The Dutch RevoltThe Dutch Revolt– Protestants in the Netherlands win Protestants in the Netherlands win
independence from Spain in 1579.independence from Spain in 1579.
The Independent Dutch The Independent Dutch ProsperProsper
Dutch Trading EmpireDutch Trading Empire– Dutch merchants engage in world tradeDutch merchants engage in world trade– Dutch have world’s largest trading fleetDutch have world’s largest trading fleet– Dutch people replace Italians as Dutch people replace Italians as
Europe’s bankersEurope’s bankers
Absolutism in EuropeAbsolutism in Europe The Theory of AbsolutismThe Theory of Absolutism
– Rulers want to be absolute monarchs—rulers with Rulers want to be absolute monarchs—rulers with complete powercomplete power
– Believe in “divine right”—idea that monarchs represent Believe in “divine right”—idea that monarchs represent God on earth. (The idea can be derived from God on earth. (The idea can be derived from Romans 13: 1-4.).)
Growing Power of Europe’s MonarchsGrowing Power of Europe’s Monarchs– Decline of Feudalism, rise of cities help monarchs gain Decline of Feudalism, rise of cities help monarchs gain
powerpower– Decline of Church authority also increases powerDecline of Church authority also increases power
Crises Lead to AbsolutismCrises Lead to Absolutism– The 17The 17thth century is a period of great upheaval century is a period of great upheaval– Monarchs impose order by increasing their own power.Monarchs impose order by increasing their own power.
Possible Basis ofPossible Basis of“Divine Right of Kings”“Divine Right of Kings”
Romans 13:1-4Romans 13:1-4 ” ”Let every person be subject to the governing Let every person be subject to the governing
authorities. For there is no authority except from authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore whoever resists the authorities God. Therefore whoever resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, do what is good, and you will receive his approval, for he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do for he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger who carries out God’s wrath on the wrongdoer.”who carries out God’s wrath on the wrongdoer.”
The Reign of The Reign of Louis XIVLouis XIVChapter 5, Section 2Chapter 5, Section 2
Religious Wars and Power Religious Wars and Power StrugglesStruggles
Henry of NavarreHenry of Navarre Henry, who was a Henry, who was a
French Calvinist French Calvinist (Huguenot) ascends (Huguenot) ascends to French throne in to French throne in 1589 and converts to 1589 and converts to Catholicism ending Catholicism ending the religious wars.the religious wars.
Issues Edict of Issues Edict of Nantes—a Nantes—a declaration of declaration of religious tolerationreligious toleration
Religious Wars and Power Religious Wars and Power StrugglesStruggles
Louis XIII and Louis XIII and Cardinal RichelieuCardinal Richelieu Louis XIII appoints Louis XIII appoints
Cardinal Richelieu in Cardinal Richelieu in 1624 as minister who 1624 as minister who rules France.rules France.
Increases power of Increases power of the Bourbons by the Bourbons by limiting Huguenots’ limiting Huguenots’ freedomfreedom
Also weakens power Also weakens power of the nobilityof the nobility
Picture of Picture of Louis XIIILouis XIII
Louis XIV Comes to Louis XIV Comes to PowerPower
A New French RulerA New French Ruler Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in
French history.French history. Louis the Boy KingLouis the Boy King
Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ minister while he was a boy, leads to minister while he was a boy, leads to riots.riots.
Louis Weakens the Nobles AuthorityLouis Weakens the Nobles Authority Louis takes control of the government in 1661.Louis takes control of the government in 1661. He appoints He appoints intendantsintendants—government agents—government agents
—to collect taxes.—to collect taxes. Economic GrowthEconomic Growth
Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps the economy grow. He believes in the economy grow. He believes in mercantilism.mercantilism.
In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; Huguenots flee France.Huguenots flee France.
The Sun King’s Grand The Sun King’s Grand StyleStyle
A Life of LuxuryA Life of Luxury Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast.Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast.
Louis Controls the NobilityLouis Controls the Nobility Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his
power over them.power over them. Builds magnificent palace at VersaillesBuilds magnificent palace at Versailles
Patronage of the ArtsPatronage of the Arts Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Versailles is a center of arts during reign of
Louis XIVLouis XIV Purpose of the arts is to glorify LouisPurpose of the arts is to glorify Louis
Panoramic view of Panoramic view of Versailles PalaceVersailles Palace
Another view of Another view of Versailles PalaceVersailles Palace
Drawing of Versailles Drawing of Versailles from abovefrom above
Queen’s Bed ChamberQueen’s Bed Chamber
Louis Fights Disastrous Louis Fights Disastrous WarsWars
Attempts to Expand France’s Attempts to Expand France’s BoundariesBoundaries Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s
to expand France.to expand France. 1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands.1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands. 1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands.1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands.
In 1680s, many countries unite against In 1680s, many countries unite against him in League of Augsburghim in League of Augsburg
France is weakened by poor harvests, France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare, and high taxes.warfare, and high taxes.
Louis Fights Disastrous Louis Fights Disastrous WarsWars
War of Spanish SuccessionWar of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession begins in War of Spanish Succession begins in
17011701 This war attempts to prevent the union This war attempts to prevent the union
of the French and Spanish throne.of the French and Spanish throne. War ends in 1714; France and Spain War ends in 1714; France and Spain
lose some possessions.lose some possessions.
Louis Fights Disastrous Louis Fights Disastrous WarsWars
Louis’s Death and LegacyLouis’s Death and Legacy Louis dies leaving mixed legacyLouis dies leaving mixed legacy Rule makes France a major military and Rule makes France a major military and
cultural power in Europecultural power in Europe His wars and palace leave France with His wars and palace leave France with
heavy debts.heavy debts.
Central European Central European Monarchs ClashMonarchs Clash
Chapter 5, Section 3Chapter 5, Section 3
The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War
Rising TensionRising Tension– Tension rises between Lutherans and Tension rises between Lutherans and
Catholics in central EuropeCatholics in central Europe Bohemian Protestants RevoltBohemian Protestants Revolt
– In 1618, Protestants revolt against In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II)Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II)
– Result in Thirty Years’ War—conflict over Result in Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, powerreligion, land, power
Thirty Years’ War Thirty Years’ War (continued)(continued)
Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes spelled “Habsburg”)spelled “Habsburg”)– From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies
have many victorieshave many victories– Troops plunder many German villagesTroops plunder many German villages
Ferdinand II, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Holy Roman
Emperor Emperor (1619-1637)(1619-1637)
Thirty Years’ War Thirty Years’ War (continued)(continued)
Hapsburg DefeatsHapsburg Defeats– In 1630, tide turns in favor of ProtestantsIn 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants
Peace of WestphaliaPeace of Westphalia– War ruins German economy, greatly decreases War ruins German economy, greatly decreases
populationpopulation– Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends warPeace of Westphalia (1648) ends war– Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens FranceTreaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France– Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of
peacepeace Beginning of Modern StatesBeginning of Modern States
– Treaty recognizes Europe as group of Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent statesindependent states
States Form in Central States Form in Central EuropeEurope
Economic Contrasts with the WestEconomic Contrasts with the West– Economy in central Europe still based in Economy in central Europe still based in
serfs and agriculture.serfs and agriculture. Several Weak EmpiresSeveral Weak Empires
– Landowning nobles in central Europe Landowning nobles in central Europe Block growth of kings’ power.Block growth of kings’ power.
– Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires are Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires are also weak.also weak.
Austria Grows StrongerAustria Grows Stronger– Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands, Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands,
rule large empirerule large empire Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian
ThroneThrone– Maria Theresa becomes empress of Maria Theresa becomes empress of
Austria and faces years of war.Austria and faces years of war.
The Pragmatic SanctionThe Pragmatic Sanction
This document, The Pragmatic Sanction, declared that Maria Theresa would inherit the Austrian throne.
Maria Maria TheresaTheresa
of Austriaof Austria
Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussia Challenges Austria
The Rise of PrussiaThe Rise of Prussia– Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s
best armybest army– They call themselves kings and become They call themselves kings and become
absolute monarchs.absolute monarchs.– Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty.Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty.
Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great– Frederick the Great becomes king of PrussiaFrederick the Great becomes king of Prussia– Enforces father’s military policies but softens Enforces father’s military policies but softens
some of his laws.some of his laws.
Frederick Frederick II (The II (The
Great) of Great) of Prussia. Prussia. He was He was
nicknamenicknamed “Old d “Old Fritz”.Fritz”.
Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussia Challenges Austria
War of Austrian SuccessionWar of Austrian Succession– In 1740, Frederick starts war against In 1740, Frederick starts war against
Austria to gain Silesia.Austria to gain Silesia.– Maria Theresa resists Prussian power but Maria Theresa resists Prussian power but
loses Silesia in treaty.loses Silesia in treaty.– As a result of the war, Prussia becomes As a result of the war, Prussia becomes
a major power in Europe.a major power in Europe.
Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussia Challenges Austria
The Seven Years’ WarThe Seven Years’ War– Austria allies with France against Britain Austria allies with France against Britain
and Prussiaand Prussia– In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony,
launching Seven Years’ War.launching Seven Years’ War.– France loses colonies in North America, France loses colonies in North America,
Britain gains India.Britain gains India.
Absolute Rulers of Absolute Rulers of RussiaRussia
Chapter 5, Section 4Chapter 5, Section 4
Section OpenerSection Opener
Peter the Great makes many changes Peter the Great makes many changes in Russia to try to make it more like in Russia to try to make it more like western Europewestern Europe
The First CzarThe First Czar Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible
– In 1533, Ivan the Terrible In 1533, Ivan the Terrible becomes king of Russiabecomes king of Russia
– Struggles for power with Struggles for power with boyarsboyars—landowning nobles.—landowning nobles.
– Seizes power and is crowned Seizes power and is crowned czar, meaning “caesar”czar, meaning “caesar”
Rule by TerrorRule by Terror– In 1560, Ivan turns against In 1560, Ivan turns against
boyars, kills them, seizes boyars, kills them, seizes landslands
Rise of the RomanovsRise of the Romanovs– Ivan’s heir is weak, leading Ivan’s heir is weak, leading
to period of turmoilto period of turmoil– In 1613, Michael Romanov In 1613, Michael Romanov
becomes czarbecomes czar
Peter the Great Comes to Peter the Great Comes to PowerPower
The Rise of PeterThe Rise of Peter– Peter the Great Peter the Great
becomes czar in 1696, becomes czar in 1696, begins to reform begins to reform RussiaRussia
Russia Contrasts with Russia Contrasts with EuropeEurope– Cut off geographically Cut off geographically
from Europefrom Europe– Culturally isolated, Culturally isolated,
little contact with little contact with western Europewestern Europe
– Religious differences Religious differences widen gapwiden gap
Peter Rules AbsolutelyPeter Rules Absolutely
Peter Visits the WestPeter Visits the West– In 1697, Peter visits western Europe to learn In 1697, Peter visits western Europe to learn
European waysEuropean ways Peter’s GoalPeter’s Goal
– Goal of Goal of westernizationwesternization—using western —using western Europe as a model for changeEurope as a model for change
Peter’s ReformsPeter’s Reforms– Brings Orthodox Church under state controlBrings Orthodox Church under state control– Reduces power of great landownersReduces power of great landowners– Modernizes army by having European officers Modernizes army by having European officers
train soldierstrain soldiers
Peter Rules Absolutely Peter Rules Absolutely (continued)(continued)
Westernizing RussiaWesternizing Russia– Introduces potatoesIntroduces potatoes– Starts Russia’s first newspaperStarts Russia’s first newspaper– Raises women’s statusRaises women’s status– Adopts Western fashionAdopts Western fashion– Advances educationAdvances education
Peter Rules Absolutely Peter Rules Absolutely (continued)(continued)
Establishing St. PetersburgEstablishing St. Petersburg– Peter wants a seaport that will make Peter wants a seaport that will make
travel to West easier.travel to West easier.– Fights Sweden to win port on Baltic SeaFights Sweden to win port on Baltic Sea– In 1703, begins building new capital In 1703, begins building new capital
called St. Petersburg.called St. Petersburg.– Building city takes many years, many Building city takes many years, many
serfs die in process.serfs die in process.– By the time of Peter’s death, Russia is By the time of Peter’s death, Russia is
force to be reckoned with in Europeforce to be reckoned with in Europe
““English Embankment,” English Embankment,” St. Petersburg, RussiaSt. Petersburg, Russia
Palace Square, St. Palace Square, St. PetersburgPetersburg
Church of the Savior on Spilt Church of the Savior on Spilt Blood,Blood,
St. Petersburg, RussiaSt. Petersburg, Russia
Parliament Limits English Monarchy
Chapter 5, Section 5
Rulers’ Relations With Parliament
Ruler Relations with Parliament
James 1(1603-1625)
•Argued with Parliament over money•Would not change the Church of England to Puritan worship•Authorized a new Bible version (known today at the “KJV” or “King James Version”
Rulers’ Relations With Parliament
Ruler Relations with Parliament
Charles I(1625-1649)
•Dissolved Parliament when they would not give him money•Forced to sign the Petition of Right when he called Parliament back in need of money.•Ignored the Petition of Right when he wanted•Sparked the English Civil War with Parliament•Tried for treason against Parliament and executed
Rulers’ Relations With Parliament
Ruler Relations with Parliament
Oliver Cromwell(1649-1658)
•Cromwell abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords•later he sent the remaining members of Parliament home and ruled as a dictator.
Rulers’ Relations With Parliament
Ruler Relations with Parliament
Charles II(1660-1685)
•Parliament invited Charles II to rule•passed habeas corpus, which limited king’s power to jail opponents.
Rulers’ Relations With Parliament
Ruler Relations with Parliament
James II(1685-1688)
•fought over appointment of Catholics to high office in violation of English law
Rulers’ Relations With Parliament
Ruler Relations with Parliament
William and Mary
(1689-1702)
•governed as partners, with power of monarchy limited by Bill of Rights