napoleon consulate to empire… to exile! consulate new constitution - really set up dictatorship...
TRANSCRIPT
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Napoleon
Consulate to Empire…
to
Exile!
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Consulate• New Constitution - Really set
up Dictatorship (gov’t headed by absolute ruler)
• Executive Branch - 3 Consuls• Napoleon First Consul - Had
concentrated power• 1802 - Names himself Consul
for Life• Approved by Plebiscite,
popular vote (99.9%) Napoleon as Consul
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Reforms to Restore Order
• Centralized Gov’t - replaced elected local officials with appointed men
• Education Under Gov’t - universities, secondary schools
• Bank of France - everyone paid taxes, gov’t made loans, leveled inflation
• New Law Code...
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Napoleonic Code
• New Law Code• Equality of all citizens before
the law• Religious toleration• Advancement based on merit• Guaranteed trial by jury• BUT…
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Code Placed State Above Individual
• Limited freedom of speech and press (Censorship!)
• Codified Inferior Status of Women - Males given extensive authority over wives and children
• Heavy taxes
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Concordat of 1801• Napoleon acknowledged Catholic
religion as the religion of the majority while keeping toleration of other religions
• Napoleon named all bishops who swore allegiance to state, but Pope confirmed
• Pope agreed to lost lands & state paid clergy
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1804 - Napoleon
Names Himself
Emperor ofFrance! Crowns Himself
Emperor as Charlemagne
Did!
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The Empire• Great victories enable Napoleon
to reorganize Europe (see map)• Holy Roman Empire Ended• Formed the Confederation of
the Rhine (small German states)• Created Grand Duchy of
Warsaw - Poland - out of some of Russian, Prussian & Austrian territory
• Took over Spanish throne (Brother Joseph)
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Road to Ruin• Battle of Trafalgar - defeated by British• Continental System - Ordered all Eur. nations he
conquered to stop trade with British - hurt them economically - FAILED
• Spanish Rebellions - guerillas led attacks (hit and run) – resentment ignited feeling of nationalism - overthrew
occupation
• Invasion of Russia - Harsh winter weakened French - defeated by Russians
• Battle of Leipzig - Last battle?- Napoleon’s Defeat
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Napoleon Abdicates; Exiled to Elba
• BUT… Returns from exile and reigns again as emperor!!! THE 100 DAYS
• Battle of Waterloo - Napoleon defeated (again!) by Great Britain, Prussia & Netherlands
• Napoleon is exiled (again!) & placed under house arrest on island of Saint Helena
• King Louis XVIII becomes King of France