Download - Global midterm review
Global midterm review
The Social Studies• Historian: Person who studies the past through
researching & creating documents
• Economi$t: Person who studies how limited resources are allocated to satisfy unlimited needs
• Geographer: Someone who studies the earth’s physical environment and human habitat
• Political Scientist: person who studies governments
The Social Studies
• Sociologist: Person who studies & classifies the ways humans behave in groups
• Anthropologist: Person who studies the origins and social relationships of people
• Archeologist: Person who studies ancient civilizations by examining the materials they left behind.
Study people
& prim
ates
Stu
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bjec
ts
&ar
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Sources
• Primary Source:• Document created by
someone who was there as event was happening– Diary– Picture
• Secondary Source• Document created
by someone who wasn’t there as the event was happening– Textbook
Cultural Diffusion
• Definition: The movement of customs & ideas from one culture to another.
• Example: Spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road
Ethnocentrism
• Definition: Belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group.
• Example: Chinese referred to their country as the “Middle Kingdom” (center of the world). All other people were considered “barbarians”
Geographic Feature
Impact Specific Example
Rivers Provides fresh water for drinking, trade, irrigation
Nile in Egypt
Mountains Act as barriers Greek city-states
Deserts Act as barriers Gobi desert in China
Plains Flat areas easy to farm and travel along
Persian Empire
Oceans Act as barriers and trade routes
Indian monsoon traders
Islands Isolate societies, encourage trade
Minoans, Phoenicians
Maps• Political • Physical
III. Early Humans/Neolithic Revolution
Life Before the Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution Life After the Neolithic Revolution
Small groups of hunters and gatherers
Short, difficult lives
Domestication of plants and animals
(farming)
Larger societies organized around farmlands
Cities
Government
Writing
Early River Valley CivilizationsRiver Valley Civilization
Social Characteristics Political Characteristics
Economic Characteristics
Egypt
Hierarchical society
Polytheistic religion
Literate
King (Pharaoh) (centralized government)
Based on trade & farming
Mesopotamia
Hierarchical society
Polytheistic religion
Literate
King (centralized government)
Based on trade & farming
Indus River Valley/Harappa
Hierarchical society
Polytheistic religion
Literate
Centralized government
Based on trade & farming
Huang He (Yellow River)
Hierarchical society
Polytheistic religion
Literate
Emperor (centralized government)
Based on trade & farming
Common Themes
Define: Monotheism
• Belief in a single god
• Examples?
The Bible (New Testament)
5 Pillars
Buddhism
What’s my
name?
The caste system
Polytheism
The holy book of Judaism
The Torah
The 5 Relationships of Confucianism1) King to subject
2) Father to son
4) Older sibling to younger sibling
5) Friend to friend
3) Husband to wife
The 3 major monotheistic religions
Hinduism
Right now
• Pass your homework forward and to the right
• Take out your review sheet
• Help before or after school?
The Four Noble Truths
• 1. Life means suffering.
• 2. The origin of suffering is desire.
• 3. The end of suffering is attainable.
• 4. There is a path to the end of suffering.
• The founder of Judaism
Yin & Yang
• Forces of yin, yang interact, complement each other; change, evolve
- yin (black)—cold, dark, mysterious
- yang (white)—warm, bright
• Understanding yin and yang helped people find place in the world
What role did Confucianism play in China’s development?
• Confucianism set out family and social roles
- following these roles helped Chinese avoid conflict and live peacefully
• Rulers tried to live up to Confucius’ model
• Confucius encouraged education, creating fair and skilled officials (Civil Service)
Pilgrimage to Mecca
There is no God
but Allah Daily prayerReligious taxes Fasting
during Ramadan
Who brought Hinduism to India?
Why was Buddhism
appealing to Hindus?
Confucianism
Animism
China’s Dynastic CycleNew Dynasty
•Brings Peace
•(Re)builds Infrastructure
•Gives land to peasants
•Protects people
Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes…
Old Dynasty
•Taxes become too high
•Can’t protect people
•Infrastructure decays
•People treated poorly
Problems
•Floods, earthquakes
•Peasant revolts
•Invaders attack
•Bandits raid countryside
New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven
How did emperors gain power in China?
Organization of Chinese government
• Bureaucracy: people who work for the government
• Civil service exam meant that only qualified people could work in government
Methods of control in China
• Feudalism
Early Chinese Accomplishments
• Road building
• Iron weapons
• Iron tools
• Writing system
Belief System Confucianism Daoism Legalism
Founder Confucius Laozi Han Feizi
Book The Analects Dao De Jing N/A
Beliefs 5 Relationships
Filial Piety (respect for elders & ancestors)
accepted things as they were; did not get involved in government
Tried to understand nature, live in harmony with its rhythms
People are naturally evil and need a strong government and strict punishments to control them
Impact on China
Trained civil service
Better government
Foundation of Chinese government
Foundation for social order in Asia
the people of China focused on bettering themselves and becoming one with nature
China continues to have a strong government and use strict punishment system.
Famous Greeks• Socrates: Father of Western Philosophy
• Plato: famous philosopher
• Aristotle: philosopher, taught Alex the Great
• Pericles: Leader of Athens during golden age
• Alexander the Great: Macedonian, conquered most of the world… Hellenistic culture
• Homer: wrote the Iliad & Odyssey (basis for Greek cultural tradition
Kinds of Governments
• Democracy: people vote
• Direct democracy: everyone votes on every law
• Oligarchy: small group of people control country
• Monarchy: one person in charge (king, emperor)
• Aristocracy: small hereditary group of wealthy people control country
Characteristics of Athens
• Social:
• Political:
• Economic:
Athens vs. Sparta
Ancient Greek Art