厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 - connecting repositories ·...

学校编码：10384 密级学号：22420071150870

硕士学位论文

生态浮床对富营养化咸水泻湖营养盐净化

作用及其机制的研究 The Study on Nutrient Purification Effects and Mechanisms

of Ecological Floating Bed for Eutrophic Lagoon

张志英

指导教师姓名：黄凌风教授

专业名称：海洋生物

论文提交日期：2010 年 8 月

论文答辩时间：2010 年 8 月

2010 年 8 月

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

厦门大学学位论文原创性声明

本人呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下,独立完成的研究成

果。本人在论文写作中参考其他个人或集体已经发表的研究成果，均

在文中以适当方式明确标明，并符合法律规范和《厦门大学研究生学

术活动规范(试行)》。

另外，该学位论文为( )课题(组)

的研究成果，获得( )课题(组)经费或实验室的资助，

在( )实验室完成。(请在以上括号内填写课题或课题

组负责人或实验室名称，未有此项声明内容的，可以不作特别声明。)

声明人(签名)：

年月日


厦门大学学位论文著作权使用声明

本人同意厦门大学根据《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办

法》等规定保留和使用此学位论文，并向主管部门或其指定机构送交

学位论文(包括纸质版和电子版)，允许学位论文进入厦门大学图书馆

及其数据库被查阅、借阅。本人同意厦门大学将学位论文加入全国博

士、硕士学位论文共建单位数据库进行检索，将学位论文的标题和摘

要汇编出版，采用影印、缩印或者其它方式合理复制学位论文。

本学位论文属于：

( )1.经厦门大学保密委员会审查核定的保密学位论文，于

年月日解密，解密后适用上述授权。

( )2.不保密，适用上述授权。

(请在以上相应括号内打“√”或填上相应内容。保密学位论文应

是已经厦门大学保密委员会审定过的学位论文，未经厦门大学保密委

员会审定的学位论文均为公开学位论文。此声明栏不填写的，默认为

公开学位论文，均适用上述授权。)

声明人(签名)：

年月日


目录

目录

摘要 ............................................................................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract......................................................................................................................Ⅲ

第一章绪论 ...........................................................................................................1 1.1 水体富营养化概述 ..............................................................................................1

1.1.1 水体富营养化的定义与现状........................................................................1 1.1.2 水体富营养化的危害及防治方法................................................................2

1.2 植物修复法的应用与进展 ..................................................................................6 1.2.1 水生植被的组建与恢复................................................................................6 1.2.2 人工湿地技术................................................................................................7 1.2.3 生物浮床技术................................................................................................8

1.3 植物修复作用对 N、P 的去除机理 ...................................................................9 1.3.1 植物修复作用对 N 的去除机理...................................................................9 1.3.2 植物修复作用对 P 的去除机理 ................................................................. 11

1.4 浮床植物修复系统构建的原则与依据 ............................................................ 11 1.4.1 修复植物系统的构建.................................................................................. 11 1.4.2 浮床系统的构建..........................................................................................12

1.5 本研究的意义与目的 ........................................................................................13

第二章海马齿对不同营养盐浓度水体 N、P 的净化作用 ....................14 2.1 材料与方法 ........................................................................................................14

2.1.1 实验材料......................................................................................................14 2.1.2 实验方法......................................................................................................15 2.1.3 实验参数的测定与计算方法......................................................................15

2.2 结果与分析 ........................................................................................................15 2.2.1 海马齿对不同营养盐浓度水体各种形态 N 的净化作用.........................15 2.2.2 海马齿对不同营养盐浓度水体各种形态 P 的净化作用 .........................18 2.2.3 海马齿对不同营养盐浓度水体 COD、BOD5 的净化作用......................19

2.3 讨论 ....................................................................................................................20 2.3.1 水质对海马齿 N 的净化作用的影响.........................................................20 2.3.2 水质对海马齿 P 的净化作用的影响 .........................................................21

2.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................22

第三章不同种植密度海马齿对富营养化水体 N、P 的净化作用 ......24 3.1 材料与方法 ........................................................................................................24


3.2 结果与分析 ........................................................................................................25 3.2.1 不同种植密度海马齿对水体各种形态 N 的净化作用.............................25


目录

3.2.2 不同种植密度海马齿对水体各种形态 P 的净化作用 .............................26 3.2.3 不同种植密度海马齿对水体 COD、BOD5 的净化作用..........................27

3.3 讨论 ....................................................................................................................28 3.3.1 种植密度对海马齿 N 的净化作用的影响.................................................28 3.3.2 种植密度对海马齿 P 的净化作用的影响 .................................................29 3.3.3 种植密度对海马齿 COD、BOD5 的净化作用的影响..............................29

3.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................30

第四章不同根冠比海马齿对富营养化水体 N、P 的净化作用 ...........31 4.1 材料与方法 ........................................................................................................31


4.2 结果与分析 ........................................................................................................32 4.2.1 不同根冠比海马齿对水体各种形态 N 的净化作用.................................32 4.2.2 不同根冠比海马齿对水体各种形态 P 的净化作用 .................................33 4.2.3 不同根冠比海马齿对水体 COD、BOD5 的净化作用..............................34

4.3 讨论 ....................................................................................................................35 4.3.1 根冠比对海马齿 N 的净化作用的影响.....................................................35 4.3.2 根冠比对海马齿 P 的净化作用的影响 .....................................................36 4.3.3 根冠比对海马齿 COD、BOD5 的净化作用的影响..................................36

4.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................37

第五章海马齿对 N、P 的吸收同化在水体营养盐净化中的作用 ......38 5.1 材料与方法 ........................................................................................................38

5.1.1 实验材料......................................................................................................38 5.1.2 实验方法......................................................................................................38 5.1.3 实验参数的测定..........................................................................................39

5.2 结果与分析 ........................................................................................................39 5.2.1 海马齿对水体各种形态 N 的净化作用.....................................................39 5.2.2 海马齿对水体各种形态 P 的净化作用 .....................................................40 5.2.3 海马齿对水体 COD、BOD5 的净化作用..................................................41 5.2.4 海马齿生物量及体内 C、N、P 含量的变化............................................41 5.2.5 海马齿各部位吸收同化 N、P 的量 ..........................................................42

5.3 讨论 ....................................................................................................................43 5.3.1 海马齿对水体中各种形态 N 的净化作用.................................................43 5.3.2 海马齿对水体中各种形态 P 的净化作用 .................................................44

5.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................45

第六章浮床海马齿对筼筜湖 N、P 移除能力评估 ..................................46 6.1 材料与方法 ........................................................................................................46

6.1.1 实验材料......................................................................................................46 6.1.2 实验方法......................................................................................................46

6.2 实验结果与分析 ................................................................................................48


目录

6.2.1 浮床海马齿的生长状况..............................................................................48 6.2.2 海马齿体内 C、N、P 含量的变化............................................................50 6.2.3 海马齿对水体氮、磷移除能力的估算......................................................51 6.2.4 生态浮床示范区海马齿浮床系统对水体营养盐的净化效果..................52

6.3 讨论 ....................................................................................................................55 6.3.1 浮床海马齿的生长状况..............................................................................55 6.3.2 浮床海马齿对筼筜湖营养盐的净化能力..................................................55 6.3.3 生态浮床示范区海马齿浮床系统对水体营养盐的净化效果..................56

6.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................57

第七章总结与展望..............................................................................................58 7.1 总结 ....................................................................................................................58 7.2 本研究的创新点 ................................................................................................61 7.3 研究工作的展望 ................................................................................................62

参考文献 ...................................................................................................................64

致谢 ..........................................................................................................................75


Contents

Contents

Abstract(in Chinese)...............................................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract(in English) ...............................................................................................Ⅲ

Chapter 1 Introduction.............................................................................................1 1.1 Summary of Eutrophication ..............................................................................1

1.1.1 Definition and Present Situation of Eutrophication .......................................1 1.1.2 Harm and Prevention Methods of Eutrophication .........................................2

1.2 Application and Research Progress of Phytoremedition ................................6 1.2.1 Construction and Restoration of Aquatic Vegetation .....................................6 1.2.2 Artificial Wetland Technology .......................................................................7 1.2.3 Biological Floating Bed Technology..............................................................8

1.3 Removal Mechanisms of Nitrogen and Phosphate by Phytoremediation .....9 1.3.1 Removal Mechanisms of Nitrogen.................................................................9 1.3.2 Removal Mechanisms of Phosphate ............................................................ 11

1.4 Construction Principle of Planted Floating Bed System............................... 11 1.4.1 Construction of Plant System....................................................................... 11 1.4.2 Construction of Floating Bed System ..........................................................12

1.5 Purposes and Significance of the Research ....................................................13

Chapter 2 Nutrients Purification Effects of S. Portulacastrum on Different

Nutrition Concentrations.......................................................................................14 2.1 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................14

2.1.1 Materials.......................................................................................................14 2.1.2 Methods........................................................................................................15 2.1.3 Determination and Calculation Methods of Parameters ..............................15

2.2 Results and Analysis .........................................................................................15 2.2.1 Purification of Various Types of Nitrogen ...................................................15 2.2.2 Purification of Various Types of Phosphate .................................................18 2.2.3 Purification of COD and BOD5....................................................................19

2.3 Discussions ........................................................................................................20 2.3.1 Impact on Purification of Nitrogen by Nutrition Concentrations ................20 2.3.2 Impact on Purification of Phosphate by Nutrition Concentrations ..............21

2.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................22

Chapter 3 Nutrients Purification Effects of S. Portulacastrum with

Different Planting Densities .................................................................................24 3.1 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................24

3.1.1 Materials.......................................................................................................24


Contents

3.1.2 Methods........................................................................................................24 3.1.3 Determination and Calculation Methods of Parameters ..............................24

3.2 Results and Analysis .........................................................................................25 3.2.1 Purification of Various Types of Nitrogen .................................................255 3.2.2 Purification of Various Types of Phosphate .................................................26 3.2.3 Purification of COD and BOD5....................................................................27

3.3 Discussions ........................................................................................................28 3.3.1 Impact on Purification of Nitrogen by Planting Density .............................28 3.3.2 Impact on Purification of Phosphate by Planting Density ...........................29 3.3.3 Impact on Purification of COD and BOD5 by Planting Density..................29

3.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................30

Chapter 4 Nutrients Purification Effects of S. Portulacastrum with

Different Root/Shoot Ratios .................................................................................31 4.1 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................31

4.1.1 Materials.......................................................................................................31 4.1.2 Methods........................................................................................................31 4.1.3 Determination and Calculation Methods of Parameters ..............................32

4.2 Results and Analysis .........................................................................................32 4.2.1 Purification of Various Types of Nitrogen ...................................................32 4.2.2 Purification of Various Types of Phosphate .................................................33 4.2.3 Purification of COD and BOD5....................................................................34

4.3 Discussions ........................................................................................................35 4.3.1 Impact on Purification of Nitrogen by Root/Shoot Ratios...........................35 4.3.2 Impact on Purification of Phosphate by Root/Shoot Ratios ........................36 4.3.3 Impact on Purification of COD and BOD5 by Root/Shoot Ratios ...............36

4.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................37

Chapter 5 The Role of S. Portulacastrum in the Purification Effects of

Nitrogen and Phosphate.........................................................................................38 5.1 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................38

5.1.1 Materials.......................................................................................................38 5.1.2 Methods........................................................................................................38 5.1.3 Determination Methods of Parameters.........................................................39

5.2 Results and Analysis .........................................................................................39 5.2.1 Purification of Various Types of Nitrogen ...................................................39 5.2.2 Purification of Various Types of Phosphate .................................................40 5.2.3 Purification of COD and BOD5....................................................................41 5.2.4 Variation of Plant Biomass and C、N、P Contents ....................................41 5.2.5 The Wieghts of N、P Assimilated by Plants ...............................................42

5.3 Discussions ........................................................................................................43 5.3.1 Purification of Various Types of Nitrogen ...................................................43


Contents

5.3.2 Purification of Various Types of Phosphate .................................................44 5.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................45

Chapter 6 Evaluation of Nitrogen and Phosphate Removal Capability of

Floating Bed S. Portulacastrum from Yundang Lagoon...............................46 6.1 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................46

6.1.1 Materials.......................................................................................................46 6.1.2 Methods........................................................................................................46

6.2 Results and Analysis .........................................................................................48 6.2.1 Growth of Plants ..........................................................................................48 6.2.2 Variation of C、N、P Contents...................................................................50 6.2.3 Estimation of N and P Removal Capability of Plants ..................................51 6.2.4 Nutrient Purification Effects by Floating Bed S. Portulacastrum in the Demonstration Area ..............................................................................................52

6.3 Discussions ........................................................................................................55 6.3.1 Gorwth of Plants ..........................................................................................55 6.3.2 Nutrient Removal Capability of Plants ........................................................55 6.3.3 Nutrient Purification Effects by Floating Bed S. Portulacastrum in the Demonstration Area ..............................................................................................56

6.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................57

Chapter 7 Conclusions and Prospects ................................................................58 7.1 Conclusions .......................................................................................................58 7.2 Creations of the Research ................................................................................61 7.3 Prospects............................................................................................................62

References.................................................................................................................64

Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................75


摘要

- I -

摘要

随着工农业迅速发展，城市化进程加快，大量生活和工业废水排放至湖泊与

海洋，加快了水体富营养化进程。富营养化不仅严重危害水体生态环境，还危害

了养殖业的发展，甚至危害人类健康，是当今世界共同面临的问题。植物修复法

作为一种“绿色”的污染治理手段，由于具有低成本、高净化效率等优点，成为

国际上的热点研究领域。目前，植物修复方法的应用越来越广泛，利用水生植物

对富营养化水体进行修复已经取得了较好的效果，但尚有一些难以克服的问题，

如收割困难易造成二次污染，易引起外来物种入侵等。在这种形势下，利用浮床

栽培陆生植物进行富营养化水体修复的技术逐渐发展起来。然而浮床植物修复系

统多应用于对淡水领域的修复，对海水的修复还鲜有报道。本研究利用生态浮床

种植陆生耐盐植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)对富营养化咸水泻湖进行修

复，探讨了水质、种植密度、根系发达程度对海马齿修复能力的影响，并通过监

测筼筜湖生态浮床示范区海马齿的生长状况与水体营养盐浓度，评估浮床海马齿

对富营养化水体的净化能力及其效果。主要研究结果如下：

海马齿对不同营养盐浓度水体的修复效果表明：植物对高营养盐水体 TN、

TP、COD、BOD5 的净化能力高于其对中、低营养盐水体的净化能力。海马齿对

高营养盐水体中 TN、TP、COD、BOD5 的去除率分别达到了 62.2 %、51.4 %、

7.8 %、8.3 %。然而，植物对高营养盐水体中无机营养盐的去除能力并不表现出

明显的优势。

通过设置低、中、高三个不同的海马齿种植密度对水体进行修复发现：在种

植密度为 12.5 g/L 时，植物对水体营养盐的净化作用最大。实验结束时，中种植

密度组海马齿对水体 TN、TP、COD、BOD5 的去除率分别为 40.4 %、81.3 %、

27.9 %、5.7 %；对水体离子态营养盐的去除率也高于低、高种植密度组。从营

养盐的净化角度讲，海马齿的最佳种植密度接近 12.5 g/L。

不同根冠比的海马齿对富营养化水体营养盐的净化效果表明：高根冠比海马

齿对水体 TN、TP、COD、BOD5 具有更为明显的净化能力，将水体 TN、TP、

COD、BOD5 分别去除了 27.9 %、43.0 %、16.5 %、12.0 %。对于离子态营养盐

的去除率上，高根冠比组与低、中根冠比组并没有显著差异(P>0.05)。

在为期 35 天的海马齿修复富营养化水体的实验中，实验结束时，水体 TN、


摘要

- II -

TP 的含量分别减少了 369.3 mg 和 67.8 mg，植物通过同化吸收作用积累的 N、P

的量分别为 283.7 mg、20.2 mg，同化吸收去除的 N、P 量分别占 N、P 总去除量

的 76.8 %和 29.8 %。实验过程中，海马齿茎、叶、根对 N 的积累量分别为 6.2

mg/shoot、19.3 mg/shoot、2.9 mg/shoot；对 P 的积累量分别为 0.4 mg/shoot、1.3

mg/shoot 和 0.3 mg/shoot。

通过监测生态浮床示范区海马齿的生长状况及水体营养盐浓度，可以发现，

海马齿在野外环境栽培中具有更快的生长速率，达到了 36.4 g FW/shoot/month。

植物体内氮、磷含量基本维持稳定，分别占干重的 2.3 %、0.1 %，其对筼筜湖 N、

P 的月移除量分别为 1.1 g/m2、0.2 g/m2。在浮床铺设的前六个月，海马齿对水体

营养盐的净化效果较为明显，随后由于密度过高而产生生长抑制，并有部分植物

根系腐烂导致净化能力降低。

最后，根据以上研究结果，结合筼筜湖现场情况，提出了提高海马齿修复作

用的方法和建议，为以后大面积的浮床铺设提供一定的依据。

关键词：海马齿；生态浮床；富营养化；营养盐；净化作用


Abstract

- III -

Abstract

With the rapid development of industrial-agricultural and centralized urbanism, a

great deal of domestic and industrial wastewater was discharged into lakes and oceans,

which accelerated the eutrophication process. Eutrophication not only seriously

damages the ecological environment of water, but also harms the aquaculture industry,

and even endangers human health. It is an increasingly common problem around the

world. As a “green” technology, phytoremediation becomes a hot research field

because of low cost and high purification. Currently, phytoremediation was widely

applied, and some good results have been achieved in restoration of eutrophic water

by aquatic plants. However, there are still some problems, such as harvesting

difficulties subsequently secondary pollutions, and ecological invasions. Then,

floating beds of terrestrial plants restoration technology for eutrophic water has been

developed. However, many floating bed systems were mainly used for freshwater,

little reports were found in seawater environments. In our study, we used terrestrial

euhalophyte plants Sesuvium portulacastrum cultivated in floating beds to repair the

eutrophic brackish lagoon, investigating the impacts of water quality, planting density

and development level of root on the repair capacity of S. portulacastrum, evaluating

purification capacity and the effects of the S. portulacastrum floating beds by

monitoring the growth of plants and the nutrient concentrations of water in

demonstration area with huge ecological floating beds in Yundang Lagoon. The

results were followed:

The restoration of S. portulacastrum on different nutrient concentrations revealed

better purification capacity for high nutrient water than medium and low nutrient

water. The removal efficiencies of TN, TP, COD and BOD5 in the high nutrient water

by S. portulacastrum reached 62.2 %, 51.4 %, 7.8 % and 8.3 %, respectively.

However, the removal capacity for inorganic nutrients in high nutrient water did not

show a significant advantage.

By setting three different planting densities (low, medium, high) to repair the

eutrophic water, we found that when the cultivated density of S. portulacastrum was


Abstract

- IV -

12.5 g/L, S. portulacastrum had the biggest nutrients purification ability. At the end of

the experiment, the removal efficiencies of TN, TP, COD and BOD5 by S.

portulacastrum with medium culitvated desity reached 40.4 %, 81.3 %, 27.9 % and

5.7 %, respectively. The removal efficiency of ionized nutrients in medium cultivated

density was also higher than in low and high S. portulacastrum densities. From the

perspective of nutrients purification, the optimum density of S. portulacastrum in

Yundang Lagoon was closed to 12.5 g/L.

The purification effects by S. portulacastrum with different root/shoot ratios

were showed as followed: Plants with high root/shoot ratios had better purification

effects of TN, TP, COD and BOD5. It removed 27.9 %, 43.0 %, 16.5 % and 12.0 % of

TN, TP, COD and BOD5 from the water. However, for ionized nutrients, there were

not significant differences among plants with different root/shoot ratios (P>0.05).

Our results showed that at the end of 35 days of the S. portulacastrum restoration

experiment, the contents of TN, TP in the water were reduced 67.8 mg and 369.3 mg

and the plants accumulated 283.7 mg for N and 20.2 mg for P, respectively. The

removal of N, P by plants assimilation, respectively, accounted for 76.8 % and 29.8 %

of the total removal. According to our estimation, S. portulacastrum accumulated 6.2

mg N/shoot for stem, 19.3 mg N/shoot for leaf and 2.9 mg N/shoot for root, and 0.4

mg P/shoot for stem, 1.3 mg P/shoot for leaf and 0.3 mg P/shoot for root, respectively.

By monitoring the growth of plants and nutrients concentrations of water in the

demonstration areas, it was found that growth rate of S. portulacastrum was faster in

the field compared to our laboratory experiments, reaching 36.4 g FW/shoot/month.

The N and P contents in the plant were relatively stable with the percentage of dry

mass about 2.3 % and 0.1 %, respectively. The floating bed plants could remove 1.1

g/m2/month for N and 0.2 g/m2/month for P out of water. After six months when

floating system was laid, significant purification effct of nutrients by S.

portulacastrum was found. However, as density of plants grew, S. portulacastrum

growth gradually slowed down and started to decay, and subsequently its purification

capability was weakened.

Finally, based on the above-mentioned results and all kinds of background in


Abstract

- V -

Yundang lagoon, some proposal was offered on the improvement of the purification

capability for S. portulacastrum and for the operation of floating bed with huge areas

in Yundang Lagoon.

Key words: Sesuvium portulacastrum; Ecological floating bed; Eutrophication;

Nutrients; Purification effect


Degree papers are in the “Xiamen University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database”. Fulltexts are available in the following ways: 1. If your library is a CALIS member libraries, please log on http://etd.calis.edu.cn/ and submitrequests online, or consult the interlibrary loan department in your library. 2. For users of non-CALIS member libraries, please mail to [email protected] for delivery details.


http://etd.xmu.edu.cn/

http://etd.calis.edu.cn/

mailto:[email protected]

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 - connecting repositories ·...

Documents