ei ctalk

Yateley &John Company a talk by

Peter Tipton

The Yateiq Societ

Yateley &John Company

Yateley &John Company New research into Yateley people

working for The East India Company

1600-1858

z, Research by:

r

Two views of Yateley's past


A rural backwater of small farms


A rural backwater of small farms

Several large mansions supported by a local community

The Governor & Company of Merchants of London

trading into the East Indies

founded

1600

T INDIA COMPANY

1601-1613 Separate stock voyages (12) 1613

1st Joint Stock voyage 1617

2nd Joint Stock voyage 1628

1st Persia voyage 1629

2nd Persia voyage 1630

3rd Persia voyage 1632

3rd Joint Stock 1641

1st General Voyage 1642

4th Joint Stock 1648

2nd General Stock voyage 1650

United General voyage 1657-1709 New General Stock 1698-1709 New (English) Company 1702-1709 Court of Manaprement n 1709

United Company

DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL

Five distinct periods:

1600-1657

1657-1709

1709-1757

1757-1793

1793-1858

1st PERIOD: 1600-1657

1st joint stock 1613-1616 £418,000

2nd joint stock 1617-1622 £1,600,000

3rd joint stock 1631 £420,000

4th joint stock 1642 £600,000

14 Jan iga i - declare for liquidation I 4 'V i i-* pw 1 i

12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe

. -

12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe Court of Directors held at Cosby House

-.T. 12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe Court of Directors held at Cosby House Operated 30-40 (armed) 'tall ships'

-.T. 12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe Court of Directors held at Cosby House Operated 30-40 (armed) 'tall ships' Many built in company dockyards

WEIll 12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe Court of Directors held at Cosby House Operated 30-40 (armed) 'tall ships' Many built in company dockyards More than 200 craftsmen at Blackwall

-.T. 12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe Court of Directors held at Cosby House Operated 30-40 (armed) 'tall ships' Many built in company dockyards More than 200 craftsmen at Blackwall EIC largest employer in London

-.T. 12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe Court of Directors held at Cosby House Operated 30-40 (armed) 'tall ships' Many built in company dockyards More than 200 craftsmen at Blackwall EIC largest employer in London Network of financiers and agents

WEIll 12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe Court of Directors held at Cosby House Operated 30-40 (armed) 'tall ships' Many built in company dockyards More than 200 craftsmen at Blackwall EIC largest employer in London Network of financiers and agents Presidences in Bantam & Surat

-.T. 12 employees in home of Sir Thomas Smythe

Court of Directors held at Cosby House Operated 30-40 (armed) 'tall ships' Many built in company dockyards More than 200 craftsmen at Blackwall EIC largest employer in London Network of financiers and agents Presidences in Bantam & Surat 200factors ofi e- eratin from 12 factories .., A. g-, V V

P11111 P1111 11,71111 IT ICI 1741 el C 11n7 i.g4.,,,L,

Buy Pulo Run Sell London

Nutmeg lhp £1.60

Mace 5p £16.00

Profit: 32,000%

Puin Run, in the Spice Islands ....././._. ..../..,

Company first trades spices in 1603

7-34.1.-1 Run, in the Spice Islands ..1.14,GLI .1.1.141G1 tit 14M K..7FUL. .A.JMI/ItIkJ

Company first trades spices in 1603

Islanders pledge loyalty to Crown in 1616

Pub Run, in the Spice Islands Company first trades spices in 1603


Dutch overrun Run, 1621




The Amboina Massacre by Dutch, 1622




The Amboina Massacre by Dutch, 1622

Pulo Run reclaimed but swapped for New York by Charles II

Sailings:

1611-1620 162 Os 1630s 1640s 1650s

55 42 35

—20 —20

For sale by Public auction Posted 14 January 1657 at the Exchange

'to any natives of this Commonwealth to or for their own proper use' the Company's 'island [Pula Run], customs [Gombroon], houses and other rights in the Indies'

Price: £14,000

Cromwell's Charter Charter approved 19 October 1657

New General Stock Subscription £ 786,000

Differences from Elizabeth's Charter 1. Permanent Stock

ilZEF i

Differences from Elizabeth's Charter 1. Permanent Stock 2. Governor, Deputy Governor and

Directors must stand down every two years & hold £2,000 stock

Differences from Elizabeth's Charter 1. Permanent Stock 2. Governor, Deputy Governor and

Directors must stand down every two years & hold £2,000 stock

3. Authorised to fortify & colonise its establishments, and to transport to them settlers, stores and ammunition

Bombay acquired from Portugal

1661 Bombay gifted to Charles II

1662 600 troops in 5 ships arrive

1665 Landing rights negotiated

1668 Leased to EIC

1698 Sacked in 'Moghul Wars'

A General Court April 16, 1663

[The Governor] then gives the names of those chosen to be Committees, which are as follows: George, Lord Berkley Sir Andrew Riccard Sir William Thompson Sir Samuel Barnardiston Sir William Rider Sir Stephen White Richard Reeves John Jollife Arthur Ingram John Bathurst Maurice Thompson Robert Lant Peter Vandeput Christoher Boone Francis Clarke Thomas Canham Christoher Willoughby John Mascall Thomas Tyte Richard Spencer Michael Davidson John Page Thomas Papillon Thomas Pearle

Court Book, vol XXIV p605

YATELEY MANOR

Sir Richard Ryves (d.1671)

YATELEY MANOR

Sir Richard Ryves (d.1671) Knighted 12 Oct 1663 Sheriff of London 1663-64 Committee of EIC 1663-64 Bought Yateley estate in 1667 Buried in St Peter's 23 Aug 1671 Nephew of Dr Bruno Ryves

YATELEY MANOR

Sir Richard Ryves (d.1671)

Transfers of Stock 18Jan 1671 George Blake to Sir Richard Ryves 500I,

27 Oct 1675 Lady Joice Reeves to George Baron 1000I,

27 Oct 1675 Lady Reeves to Sir James Edwards 500I,

2nd PERIOD: 1658-1709 • War with Moghuls • Rise of Hindu princes • Interlopers • Pirates • Competition from 'New Company'

3rd PERIOD: 1 710-1 75 7

The 18th century equivalent of a gilt edge security for trustees, charities & foreign investors

3rd PERIOD: 1 710-1 75 7

The 18th century equivalent of a gilt edge security for trustees, charities & foreign investors

Average dividend: 8% per year

The Imperial Farman of 1717

Right to trade in Bengal customs free

Bengal grows to 60% of EIC imports

Advantage over other Europeans

Company Civil Servants 1706 1744 years' annual

service salary

Writer 5 £5 Factor 3 £15 Junior merchant 3 k30 Senior merchant £40

British judge £220

Company Civil Servants 1706

1744 years' annual

service salary

‘ATT.;+‘.,. Factor 3

£15

Junior merchant 3

£30 Senior merchant

£40

British judge £220

The Imperial Farman of 1717

Right to trade in Bengal customs free

Bengal grows to 60% of EIC imports

Advantage over other Europeans

Conflict with the French

Compagnie des Indes

French capture Madras, 1746

French support Moghul forces

Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757)

Followed 'Black Hole of Calcutta'

EIC troops commanded by Robert Clive EIC: 3,000 men Nawab: 50,000 men Won mainly by subterfuge

New Nawab depended on British support

Start of EIC territorial expansion

4th PERIOD: 1757-1793

Territorial Expansion in India Civil Service Three separate armies

Governor-General (1773-1858) Board of Control (1784-1858)

VNITInTIC;CIT1 of C.11;111n rr-ra al ri

Civil Service Battle of Buxar, 1764

Clive arrives in Bengal for 3rd time Emperor creates EIC Diwani of Bengal EIC collects all revenues in Bengal

EIC stock doubles; dividend 12.5% British government paid £400,000/year

Term 'civil service' coined

Three Private Armies

Bengal, Madras and Bombay armies

Sepoys commanded by British Officers

EIC armies & navy supported by crown regiments and Royal Navy

1 -.1_ -.I_ - 1- 1 in

CIS_ - _ - - - _I - -- -- _LI ist step in atute intervention

Third of Bengal die in famine, 1770

1 -.1_ -.I_ - 1- 1 in



EIC nearly bankrupt, 1772

1 -.1_ -.I_ - 1- 1 in



EIC nearly bankrupt, 1772 Seeks £1 million government loan

1 -.1_ -.I_ - 1- 1 in




EIC stock plunges

1 -.1_ -.I_ - 1- 1 in




EIC stock plunges

Lord North's Regulating Act of 1773

1 -.1_ -.I_ - 1- 1 in




EIC stock plunges


Warren Hastings appointed 1st Governor-General

1 - _1_ step

- 1- 1 - 0_1_ - _1_ - - - __ - -- - - __ ist step in a tate intervention


EIC nearly bankrupt, 1772 Seeks £1 million government loan EIC stock plunges


Warren Hastings appointed 1st Governor-General Supreme Court of Justice set up in Calcutta

Board of Control Pitt's India Act, 1784

Board of r Control Pitt's India Act, 1784

6 government commissioners in London: 'superintend, direct and control' the Company's possessions abroad

Board of Control Pitt's India Act, 1784

6 government commissioners in London: 'superintend, direct and control' the Company's possessions abroad

Converts company into quasi-state department

YATELEY COURT

George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth

President of the Board of Control 1801

Inherited Yateley Court from Blunden family

Lord Chamberlain 1804

YATELEY HALL

John Halhed (ca.1757-1829) Son of William Halhed Brother of Nathaniel Halhed Haileybury College Writer in EIC service 1779 Married Anna Maria Caswall 1787 Bought 'Yateley Hall' 1793

V

4th

'Nql.r. 'W.Th IM/Ar End of 4th PERIOD: 1 illi

Renewal of Charter

The Permanent Settlement Raises £3 million annually

5th PERIOD: 1793-1858

Charter Act 1813 -- ended EIC trading monopoly

Charter of 1833 -- removed EIC China trade

Government of India Act 1858 n L n A

n Qt rn*A( T transferred to Crown

China Trade _ unina intue

1813 EIC ceases trading - except China

China Trade


Tea trade reserved for Company

China Trade


Tea trade reserved for Company

How was the tea trade financed?

,Th,.__.,.._.____._.

Progression to Militarism . - . ..„. . V'VrWMW W! iV.M.WWWWWM WarW 6

1763 1805

Bengal

6,580 64,000

Madras 9,000 64,000

Bombay 2,550 26,000

India 1 Q 154,500 A Lj,nljtj‘jnn

Co a 75 9

30 a

5

Sal /10.oha

Itratetto. B A Y °

3 F.. N

141'".atV

rawarnalee, INDIA NIceloalNo, Att, the close of foe 5onnteranecl, uaexuas

Weescao 1795

N 0 C E A

Drihth.Darrwar... Maltnate. SWUR

Wu, lima., Sutter MOM 5 Franck.

iFv. BO& V. 0 1143. 9611 411111.

5 Lohgitoode 37oort 'BO Aron folt000tiole SQ 55

YATELEY HALL

John Hathed's sons Nathaniel John (1788-1838) EIC Judge John Robert (b.1790) EIC Marine Service Charles (1796-1823) EIC Civil Service Francis (b.1804) EIC Marine Service Henry (b.1805) Captain EIC Bengal Army George (1806-1830) EIC 2nd Native Infantry

YATELEY HALL

John Haliked's daughters Ellen, unmarried, lived in Yateley

Elizabeth married Capt Sneyd, EIC Bengal Army

Francis Alicia married Lieut James Charter EIC Army

Henrietta Married MacCartney Moore EIC Civil Service

GLEBE HOUSE

Rev Richard Lewin Born 1791 at Eltham, Kent Bengal Writer 1807 Assistant in Export Warehouse 1811 Assistant to a Commercial Resident 1812 Acting Commercial Resident Harriaul 1814

THE MASON BROTHERS

Owners of three Yateley Mansions

HILFIELD Capt Henry Browne Mason

Born in Bengal 1791 Brought up in Georgian Bath Entered Royal Navy aged 12 Served at Battle of Trafalgar Prisoner of War in France Built Hilfield House Son fought in siege of Delhi

YATELEY MANOR

Capt George Mason (1805-1887) Born Bengal 1805 Served in Portugal 1823 Captain, Kings Own Regiment of Foot Resigned commission, 1838 Purchased Yateley Manor, 1840

ROBINS GROVE

John Finch Mason Born in Madras, India

Inherited Aldenham Lodge

Worked for bankers, Raikes & Co

Invested in Robins Grove

Sold Robins Grove to brother Henry

YATELEY HALL

Lt Col John Grimes Serving in Madras in 1826 Married in Madras in 1833

Renting Yateley Hall in 1861 with household of 20 people

Died Shanklin IOW in 1878

Il GAYTON HOUSE

Dr Thomas James Biddle (d.1879)

Assistant Surgeon in 8th Kings Regiment at siege of Dehli, 1857 Served at recapture of Lucknow James B W Biddle born Simla 1858

In loving memory of Lieut Edmund Ward Thompson

Prince of Wales' Own Grenadiers Bombay Staff Corps

and of Lilian Clara his wife who were married in this Church on 24th September 1892

and were lost in the wreck of the S.S. Roumania off the coast of Portugal

on the passage out to India on the 28th October 1892 IN . DEATH . THEY . WERE . NOT . DIVIDED

HOLLY HILL

John Mills (1821-1913) Assistant Surgeon 1848 Service in Persia 1856-7 Medal at Battle of Khushab Surgeon 1864 & Surgeon Major 1868 Retired to Yateley 1876 Founded St Barnabas, Darby Green Kept diary

YATELEY LODGE

Gen. Christopher Palmer Rigby Born Yateley Lodge 18 Jan 1820

Attended Addiscombe House 1834/5 Ensign 5th Reg Native Infantry Poona fluent in 8 oriental & African languages

EIC Agent/British Consul, Zanzibar 1858 Assisted celebrated explorers of Africa Emancipated 8,000 slaves

YATELEY COURT

Sir Frederick Currie, 1799-1875

Last Chairman of East India Company Widow retired to Yateley Court Lady Currie born in 'East Indies'

Related to Lord Currie of Hawley Cousin of Raikes Currie of Minley

2nd August 1858 „ India Bill vests EIC assets in Queen Victoria

1873

EIC shareholders receive government stocks 2 for 1

1874

Final company charter expires

a 1 Py sansions & Large Houses

Yateley's Mansions & Large Houses

Yateley Hall V

Ltilysit4ansions & Large Houses

Yateley Hall Yatele M

A

..HILFIE..175” ...FEM. THE FIRE.

11141 Yateley Hall 1111 V a eeys ansions Yateley Manor V & Large Houses Hilfield

11141 1 Yateley Hall 1111 V a eeys ansions Yateley Manor V & Large Houses Hilfield V

Yateley Lodge i/

11111114 a e ey s ansions & Large Houses .....„

pRocmusE PARS, YATELEV.

Yateley Hall V Yateley Manor V Hilfield ✓ Yateley Lodge V Fro

eilk iansions

& Large Houses

Yateley Hall V Yateley Manor V Hilfield ✓ Yateley Lodge V Frogmore x Robins Grove V

alilegtA e nsions & Large Houses

Yateley Hall V Yateley Manor V Hilfield ✓ Yateley Lodge V Frogmore x Robins Grove V Barclay House X

I I

- llysit4ansions I L & Large Houses

irk

Yateley Hall V Yateley Manor V Hilfield ✓ Yateley Lodge V Frogmore x Robins Grove V Barclay House X Glebe House V

11111114 a e ey s ansions & Large Houses

1

--'-''------------

Yateley Hall V Yateley Manor V Hilfield V Yateley Lodge V Frogmore x Robins Grove V Barclay House X Glebe Hous


Yateley Hall V Yateley Manor V Hilfield ✓ Yateley Lodge V Frogmore x Robins Grove V Barclay House X Glebe House V GaytonJIouse V Yateley Court V


Yateley Hall V Yateley Manor V Hilfield ✓ Yateley Lodge V Frogmore x Robins Grove V Barclay House X Glebe House V Gaytonialouse V Yatele? Court V Holly Hill V

Membership

Adult Annual Pensioners & Students Joint Adult Annual Joint Pensioner Corporate Annual Adult Life

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