energy implications of climate change mitigation … · medellín, colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de...

Y. Olaya, L. Cadavid, L. Cárdenas, O. Fernández, C.J. Franco and

I. DynerUniversidad Nacional de Colombia

Facultad de Minas

[email protected]

ENERGY IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE‐CHANGEMITIGATION STRATEGIES

Austin, November 5 ‐ 7

2012

Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos

Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

Agenda: Low carbon emission strategies

• Low carbon emission (LCE) strategies and global warming

• Sample of countries that have adopted LCE strategies

• Results so far

• What can Colombia learn them?



Motivations

• Emissions and climate change

• Different sectors involved

• Progress in emission reductions

• Political will involved

• A new industrial revolution in progress?

Effects of GHGs?...

http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/vulnerability‐of‐large‐cities‐to‐climate‐hazards_cb5fNieves López Izquierdo, Associate Consultant UNEP/GRID‐Arendal;

http://www.wri.org/image/view/11185/_original

More than 20 countries have adopted a climate change strategy since 2005

What is the strategy seeking?

Main focus of strategy on energy

Strategies



Strategies and progress

• CO2 emissions depend on population and economy growth, as well as on technology

• Institutions and Policy

• Results– Efficiency

– Low Carbon technologies

– New technologies



Since 1990: emissions growth

Carbon intensity: 80% of sample drop between 1990 y 2008

Energy intensity drops in: over 60% of the countries in the sample

Driven by economic growth

Goals not easy to meet

100% Goals on emission reduction

100% Energy efficiency

65% New clean technologies

82% Sustainable land use

Strategy focus

Policies for each program



Regulation and incentives

Efficiency programsLighting

Appliances

Construction and buildings

Vehicles

Biofuels

Efficient engines

Industry

Heating

Cogeneration

Recicling

Efficient boilers

Smart metering

Transport efficiency

Vehicles fuel use

Characterization

Efficient labeling

Subsidies for renewing vehicles

Investment incentives

Sustainable Infrastructure, mobility and transport

Vehicle design norms

Co2 Taxes

Promotion of new technologies

Incumbent technologies maintain dominance

Progress of renewables: wind and biomass



Technology development phases

Risk+

Barriers to low carbon technologies



Success depends on:

• Program duration

• Continuity

• Scale

• Simultaneous promotion supply/demand

• Industrial participation

Fuente de los datos: UNEP / EPO / ICTSD, Patents and Clean Energy: Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Policy, Septiembre 2010.

Renewables ‐ Patents have increase since1997

Program started

R&D Impact: Renewables LCT

Dinamarca

Holanda

E.E.U.U

China

India, México

1970 o anterior

1980 1990 2000 2010

Brasil

Alemania

G.B

Japón

Corea del Sur



Lessons for Colombia

• The new strategy for Colombia has to set global goals on emissions, and also by sectors:– Transport, electricity, end‐users, and land use

• Institutions and ministerial policy

• Energy:– Transport: renewables and efficient transport

– Electricity: FIT and portfolio standards

– Efficiency standards for end users.



Conclusions

• Focus on electricity (largest CO2 emitter).

• Efficiency program attain good cost/benefit ratios to industry and consumers

• Prices of renewables have come down, but:– More R&D is required

– More incentives are required



Conclusions

• Industry has to participate in commercial stages

• Continuity is required in R&D programs

• In Colombia– Need of strategy

– Opportunities for renewables

– Efficiency potential in appliances, transport and buildings

energy implications of climate change mitigation … · medellín, colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de...

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