1

PREFACE

Praise and thanksgiving we offer to the God Almighty, for the completion of the preparation of this book entitled "Regional Energy Outlook West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2005-2025".

Composition activities of this energy data book is one of a series of activities within the project "Contributing to Poverty Alleviation through Regional Energy Planning in Indonesia", which is a collaboration between the Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mining and Energy Office eWest Nusa Tenggara Province, Data and Information Center - Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Energy Policy Center - Bandung Institute of Technology, Energy Research Center of Netherlands, SenterNovem - Netherlands, and the European Union.

This book presents the data regarding to the condition of energy supply and consumption in 2005 and the socio-economic conditions associated with the use of energy. To estimate energy use and supply until 2025, this book is presented in two scenarios, namely KED and KEN scenarios. KED Scenario or Regional Energy Policy is the policy of the use and supply of energy by considering the conditions and potentials which may be realized by the Regional Government. While the KEN scenario or National Energy Policy considers directives in national energy policy. Data and information contained in this book were collected and processed from various sources, including from: Mining and Energy Office West Nusa Tenggara Province, Central Bureau of Statistics, PT. Pertamina Marketing Unit V Surabaya, PT. PLN (Persero) WNT area, Transportation Office West Nusa Tenggara Province.

For that, we thank the various parties who have been willing to provide data and information to complete the preparation of this book.

The book is expected to be a reference for investors, observer and student of energy issues, as well as the general public who need data and information about the provision and supply of energy in the western province of Nusa Tenggara.

We realize that this book is still far from perfection. For that, suggestions and constructive criticics from all sides are needed to improve this book in the future.

Mataram, March 2010

Authors

2

Contents

 PREFACE................................................................................................................................................1

Contents ...................................................................................................................................................2

List of Table ...........................................................................................................................................4

List of Figure ..........................................................................................................................................5

Conversion of energy units to BOE.........................................................................................................8

Chapter 1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................9

1.1 Task D-16 CAREPI.....................................................................................................................9

1.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................................9

1.3 Scope .......................................................................................................................................10

Chapter 2 General Information of West Nusa Tenggara Province....................................11

2.1 Macro Economic Conditions ............................................................................................11

2.1.1 Population........................................................................................................................11

2.1.2 Indicators of GDP...........................................................................................................12

2.2 Energy Issues...........................................................................................................................12

Chapter 3 Present Energy Condition ..........................................................................................15

3.1 Energy Consumption ...........................................................................................................15

3.1.1 Energy Consumption by Fuel .....................................................................................15

3.2 Final Energy by sector...................................................................................................18

3.2 Energy Supply.........................................................................................................................18

3.2.1 Domestic Resources......................................................................................................18

3.2.2 Import / Export Transaction .........................................................................................19

3.2.3 Resource Potential ........................................................................................................19

Chapter 4 Energy Planning Scenarios ........................................................................................25

4.1 Energy Policy...............................................................................................................................25

3

4.1.1 National Energy Policy (KEN)............................................................................................25

4.1.2 Regional Energy Policy (KED) ...........................................................................................27

4.2 Assumptions in the Formulation of Scenarios .............................................................................27

4.2.1 Scenario Assumptions .........................................................................................................27

4.2.2 Scenario Parameters ............................................................................................................28

4.3 Energy Scenario Results ..............................................................................................................33

4.3.1 Demand Side .......................................................................................................................33

4.3.2 Supply Side..........................................................................................................................50

4.3.3 Comparison of KEN and KED Scenario Results......................................................65

Chapter 5 Energy Access for Poor People of Teres Genit Village......................................89

5.1 Background ............................................................................................................................89

5.2 Teres Genit Village Profile ....................................................................................................89

5.2.1 Geographical Location and Population................................................................89

5.2.2 Energy Use .......................................................................................................................91

5.2.3 Energy Potential.............................................................................................................91

5.2 Energy Infrastructure Design ...............................................................................................92

5.3 Productive Business Development Opportunities .......................................................92

Chapter 6 Renewable Energy Project (PLTMH) ......................................................................96

6.1 PLTMH Project Design and Development .......................................................................96

6.1.1 Plan View..........................................................................................................................96

6.1.2 Components of Civil.....................................................................................................97

6.1.4 Transmission .....................................................................................................................99

6.1.5 Load ................................................................................................................................100

6.2 Utilization of PLTMH ..............................................................................................................101

REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................................103

4

List of Table

Table 2. 1 The population and density of WNT Province in 2005 .......................................................11

Table 2. 2 The GDP of WNT Province based on income sector ...........................................................12

Table 3. 1 WNT Fuel Sales (KL) Year 2001-2005................................................................................15

Table 3. 2 Electricity Sales (GWh) in WNT Region .............................................................................16

Table 3. 3 LPG Sales (Ton) WNT Pertamina ........................................................................................16

Table 3. 4 Coal Supply (Ton) in WNT Province ...................................................................................17

Table 3. 5 Local supply of biomass (BOE) in WNT Province ..............................................................17

Table 3. 6 Energy Consumption (BOE) in WNT Province Year 2005 .................................................18

Table 3. 7 Hydro Power Potential in WNT Province 2005 ..................................................................20

Table 3. 8 Geothermal Potential in WNT Province 2005.....................................................................21

Table 3. 9 Solar Energy Potential in WNT Province 2005....................................................................21

Table 3. 10 Wind Power Potential in WNT Province 2005...................................................................23

Table 3. 11 The potential of biomass in WNT Province 2005 .............................................................23

Table 3. 12 The potential of bio-fuel in WNT Province.......................................................................24

Table 3. 13 The potential of Jatropha in WNT Province.......................................................................24

Table 4. 1 Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG for Household sectorusing KEN....................30

Table 4. 2 Projections of Biodiesel usage..............................................................................................30

Table 4. 3 Projections of Bioethanol Usage...........................................................................................31

Table 4. 4 Projections of Vegetable Oil Usage......................................................................................31

Table 4. 5 Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG for Household sector using KED...................32

Table 4. 6 Target of conversion from firewood to LPG for Household sector using KED...................32

Table 4. 7 Target of conversion from firewood to kerosene for Household sector using KED ............32

Table 4. 8 Target of conversion from ADO to electricity using KED Scenario....................................33

Table 5. 1 Productive Business Opportunities in the Teres Genit Village ............................................93

5

List of Figure Figure 4.1. a Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for Lombok ...............34

Figure 4.1. b Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for Sumbawa...........34

Figure 4.1. c Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for Bima-Dompu ......35

Figure 4.1. d Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for WNT.....................35

Figure 4.2. a Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for

Lombok ..............................................................................................................................................................36

Figure 4.2. b Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for

Sumbawa ..........................................................................................................................................................36

Figure 4.2. c Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for

Bima-Dompu.....................................................................................................................................................37

Figure 4.2. d Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for WNT

..............................................................................................................................................................................37

Figure 4.3. a Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for Lombok ..........38

Figure 4.3. b Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for Sumbawa......39

Figure 4.3. c Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for Bima-Dompu 39

Figure 4.3. d Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for WNT................40

Figure 4.4. a. Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for Lombok..............................41

Figure 4.4. b Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for Sumbawa ............................41

Figure 4.4. c Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for Bima-Dompu ...................41

Figure 4.4. d Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for WNT...................................42

Figure 4.5. a Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for Lombok....................................................43

Figure 4.5. b Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for Sumbawa .................................................43

Figure 4.5. c Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for Bima-Dompu ........................................44

Figure 4.5. d Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for WNT........................................................44

Figure 4.6. a Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for Lombok...............................45

Figure 4.6. b Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for Sumbawa ........................45

Figure 4.6. c Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for Bima-Dompu ...................46

Figure 4.6. d Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for WNT...................................46

Figure 4.7. a Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for Lombok...........................................47

Figure 4.7. b Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for Sumbawa....................................48

Figure 4.7. c Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for Bima-Dompu ..............................48

6

Figure 4.7. d Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for WNT ...............................................49

Figure 4.8. a Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for Lombok .........................................50

Figure 4.8. b Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for Sumbawa.......................................50

Figure 4.8. c Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for Bima-Dompu.................................50

Figure 4.8. d Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for WNT..............................................50

Figure 4.9. a Primary Energy Supply using KEN for Lombok ............................................................................52

Figure 4.9. b Primary Energy Supply using KEN for Sumbawa......................................................................52

Figure 4.9. c Primary Energy Supply using KEN for Bima-Dompu ................................................................53

Figure 4.9. d Primary Energy Supply using KEN for WNT ................................................................................53

Figure 4.10. a Energy input for the transformation using KEN for Lombok .......................................................54

Figure 4.10. b Energy input for the transformation using KEN for Sumbawa.................................................54

Figure 4.10. c Energy input for the transformation using KEN for Bima-Dompu ...........................................55

Figure 4.10. d. Energy input for the transformation using KEN for WNT ..........................................................55

Figure 4.11. a Total transformation using KEN for Lombok .....................................................................56

Figure 4.11. b Total transformation using KEN for Sumbawa.................................................................57

Figure 4.11. c Total transformation using KEN for Bima-Dompu ...........................................................57

Figure 4.11. d. Total transformation using KEN for WNT..........................................................................58

Figure 4.12. a Primary Energy Supply using KED for Lombok ........................................................................58

Figure 4.12. b Primary Energy Supply using KED for Sumbawa ....................................................................59

Figure 4.12. c Primary Energy Supply using KED for Bima-Dompu .............................................................60

Figure 4.12. d Primary Energy Supply using KED for WNT .............................................................................60

Figure 4.13. a Energy input for the transformation using KED for Lombok .......................................................61

Figure 4.13. b Energy input for the transformation using KED for Sumbawa.................................................62

Figure 4.13. c Energy input for the transformation using KED for Bima-Dompu ...........................................62

Figure 4.13. d Energy input for the transformation using KED for WNT ...........................................................63

Figure 4.14. a Total transformation using KED for Lombok ......................................................................63

Figure 4.14. b Total transformation using KED for Sumbawa..................................................................64

Figure 4.14. c Total transformation using KED for Bima-Dompu ............................................................64

Figure 4.14. d. Total transformation using KED for WNT ...........................................................................65

Figure 4.15 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED Lombok ...................................................................66

Figure 4.16 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED Sumbawa.................................................................67

Figure 4.17 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu...........................................................69

Figure 4.18 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED WNT........................................................................70

Figure 4.19 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok................................................................72

Figure 4.20 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa..............................................................73

7

Figure 4.21 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu .......................................................74

Figure 4.22 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT ....................................................................75

Figure 4.23 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok............................................................76

Figure 4.24 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa .........................................................77

Figure 4.25 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu ...................................................78

Figure 4.26 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT ................................................................79

Figure 4. 27 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok..............................................................81

Figure 4.28 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa ...........................................................82

Figure 4.29 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu ......................................................83

Figure 4.30 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT..................................................................84

Figure 4.31 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok ...........................................................85

Figure 4.32 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa ..........................................................86

Figure 4.33 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu ....................................................87

Figure 4.34 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT................................................................88

8

Conversion of energy units to BOE

Energy Type Original Unit Multiplier to the BOE Coal Coal *) Ton 4.0000 Coal Briquette *) Ton 3.5000 Biomass Charcoal wood *) M 3 1.0000 Firewood *) M 3 0.5000 Gas Gas MSCF 0.1796 Gas M 3 0.0063 LPG Ton 8.5246 Petroleum Condensate Barel 0.9545 Oil Barel 1.0000 Refinery Products Avgas Kiloliter 5.5530 Avtur Kiloliter 5.8907 Premium Kiloliter 5.8275 Kerosene Kiloliter 5.9274 ADO Kiloliter 6.4871 IDO Kiloliter 6.6078 Fuel Oil Kiloliter 6.9612 Geothermal MWh 1.5937 Water Power MWh 1.5937 Electricity MWh 0.6130

Source:

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, except *) of the estimated

9

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Task D-16 CAREPI

Regional Energy Outlook Book of West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the outputs

from CAREPI (Contributing to poverty Alleviation through Regional Energy Planning in

Indonesia) Project, a program aimed at poverty alleviation through regional energy

planning in Indonesia. This activity is collaboration between the University of

Mataram, Yogyakarta Muhamadiyah University, Diponegoro University, and

University of North Sumatra with the Energy and Mining Office of each relevant

province, ITB Keenergian Policy Center, Energy Research Center of Netherlands,

SenterNovem-Netherlands and the European Union.

This book is about the energy condition in the base year and estimation of energy

demand and supply in West Nusa Tenggara Province until the year of 2025 with

reference to the data of energy demand and supply in 2005 and the potential of

the region.

1.2 Objectives

The purpose of this book is to have the regional energy policy in the regional energy

planning. In addition, regional energy planning should refer to the National Energy

Policy (KEN) as stipulated in Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 on National Energy

Policy. The goal is the realization of the national mixed energy in accordance with

the percentage of each energy, which are :

1. Petroleum to less than 20%.

2. Natural Gas to more than 30%.

3. Coal becomes to more than 33%.

4. Bio Fuel becomes to more than 5%.

5. Geothermal to more than 5%.

6. Biomass, nuclear, micro hydro, Solar, and Wind Energy to more than 5%.

10

7. Liquefied coal to more than 2%.

With reference to the national energy targets mentioned above, it is necessary to

execute the steps of regional energy policy in line with the National Energy policy

targets.

The book is expected to be a reference for local government, observer and

researcher of energy issues and the general public who need data and information

on energy demand and supply in West Nusa Tenggara Province.

1.3 Scope

This Book of Regional Energy Outlook considers the Regional Energy Policy (KED)

based on regional condition and the National Energy Policy (KEN) with base year

2005 and target year 2025. The Regional Energy Outlook composition scope of study

includes:

– Base year for compilation of data on energy demand and supply is data on

2005.

– The scenario that is used consists of the Regional Energy Policy (KED) scenario

and the National Energy Policy (KEN) scenario.

– The KED scenario is based on assumptions by considering the growth of sectors

related with energy, energy infrastructure development plan, and targets set

out in the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of West Nusa

Tenggara Province.

– Source of data derived from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Pertamina, PT.

PLN, the Mining and Energy Office, BAPPEDA, etc.

11

Chapter 2

General Information of West Nusa Tenggara Province

2.1 Macro Economic Conditions 2.1.1 Population The total population of West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2005 go round 4,170,529

persons; the total number of households is 1,126,481 households; and average

household size has of 3.07 persons per household. The largest number of population

located in East Lombok Regency of 1,033,669 persons (24.78%), whereas the largest

population density located in Mataram City of 5,820 persons per km2. Population

growth of West Nusa Tenggara Province during the years 2000 - 2005 was 1.77 per

year. Table 2.1 shows the number of population and population density of each

regency and city in West Nusa Tenggara Province (WNT Province) in 2005.

Table 2. 1 The population and density of WNT Province in 2005

No. Regency/City Population

(persons)

Number of

Households Area (km2)

Density

(person/km2)

1 Mataram 356,748 67,597 61.30 5,820

2 Lombok Barat 743,484 223,527 1,863.40 399

3 Lombok Tengah 821,989 222,146 1,208.40 680

4 Lombok Timur 1,033,669 261,296 1,605.55 644

5 Sumbawa 390,172 97,647 6,643.98 59

6 Sumbawa Barat 89,676 31,663 1,849.02 48

7 Dompu 206,174 47,104 2,324.60 89

8 Bima 410,682 97,426 4,389.40 94

9 Kota Bima 117,935 78,075 207.50 568

Total (Province) 4,170,529 1,126,481 20,153.15 207

Source : WNT in Numbers, Statistic Board of WNT Province

12

2.1.2 Indicators of GDP In the year 2005 the province had a GDP of Rp. 15,328,934,980,000, - with the largest

revenue contributor is the mining sector by 27.46%, followed by the agricultural

sector 25.76%, commercial 13.76%, other services 9.84%, transport 7.31%,

construction 6.78%, processing industry 4.49%, financial services 4.31%, and utilities

0.3%, which detailed in Table 2.2 below. While per capita income for the province is

Rp.3,665,485.4. If specified by region, per capita income for the three respective

areas are : Lombok Rp. 2,483,615.3; Sumbawa Rp. 11,747,907.1; and Bima-Dompu

Rp. 3,141,723.4. GDP growth in 2005 for the provincial level was 4.7%, while for the

three respective areas are : Lombok 4.57%, Sumbawa 5.28%, and Bima-Dompu

4.04%. Table 2. 2 The GDP of WNT Province based on income sector

Year 2005 (million rupiahs) No Sector

WNT Province Lombok Sumbawa BimaDompu 1 Agriculture 3,949,483.24 2,167,188.48 742,766.92 1,039,527.84 2 Mining 4,208,702.70 213,317.49 3,941,169.57 54,215.64

3 Manufacture Industry 688,435.45 539,269.08 71,496.15 77,670.22

4 Utility 45,307.09 29,557.62 7,788.12 7,961.35 5 Construction 1,038,847.33 684,139.24 207,702.19 147,005.90

6 Commercial Service 2,109,602.62 1,384,314.13 317,306.58 407,981.91

7 Transportation 1,119,819.41 811,929.96 117,395.32 190,494.13 8 Financial Service 660,241.42 516,426.16 49,390.66 94,424.60 9 Other Services 1,508,495.72 994,852.18 192,533.32 321,110.22

Total 15,328,934.98 7,340,994.34 5,647,548.83 2,340,391.81 Source :WNT in Numbers, Statistic Board of WNT Province

2.2 Energy Issues

Electricity supply in West Nusa Tenggara Province today is in the middle of a critical

condition. The increasement of power generation capacity is not sufficient for the

load growth, so that electrical connection requests from the community or business

entity can not be served entirely.

Distribution networks that still rely on Medium Voltage Network (JTM) 20 kV is typically

using a long open air lines. This results in high drop voltage level and high risk of

13

disturbances caused by trees near the lines, that make the high level of service

quality of the distribution networks has not been fulfilled properly.

The need for power plants will still be growing rapidly, in line with the need to

increase the electrification ratio from 60% to 90% in the year 2020. Meanwhile due to

limited access to electrical power, caused many rural and remote areas have not

been electrified yet.

However in an effort to electrify the entire villages in West Nusa Tenggara Province,

rural electricity development has been carried out by involving several parties. PT.

PLN (Persero) was instrumental in the implementation of the program, especially the

provision of rural electricity generators, distribution networks either isolated or

connected with the system. NTB Provincial Government also has an important role in

the implementation of this program, especially for areas which not yet reached by

PLN's distribution network.

Until now, 99% of the electricity generation is still using Diesel Power Plant . On the

other hand the potential of renewable energy is relatively large enough to reach

274.2 MW which has not been utilized optimally.

Currently local government has set up West Nusa Tenggara Regional Electricity

Sector Policy which aims to direct efforts in making the supply of electricity to meet

the needs of society and as a guide in the construction and development of

electricity in order to encourage economic growth and improve the quality of

community life in the West Nusa Tenggara Province.

West Nusa Tenggara Regional Electricity Sector Policy targets are:

i) Realization of a balance between the supply and the demand of electricity;

ii) Availability of electricity infrastructure that can maximize the access of the

rural people so that by 2020 all villages will be connected with electricity by

the electrification ratio to reach 90%;

iii) Realization of a balanced energy mix in the year 2020 with the role of all

primary energy sources for electricity supply, as well as suppress the use of fuel

oil as primary energy:

- Fuel oil to less than 23%

- The use of biofuels (biofuels) to more than 9%.

14

- Coal to more than 28%

- Renewable energy, especially hydropower and geothermal to reach 38%

- New renewable energy options including wind, solar, and biomass to reach

2%

Transfer program from using kerosene to LPG aimed to be realized by the year 2011.

15

Chapter 3

Present Energy conditions

3.1 Energy Consumption The final energy consumption can be viewed using two approaches which are final

energy consumption by fuel type and energy user sectors. Final energy consumption

by fuel type obtained from sales data of PT. Pertamina, PT. PLN (Persero), and data

from WNT Province Mining and Energy Office. While the final energy consumption by

sector of energy derived from survey data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS),

then processed according to the activity and intensity of energy use per sector.

3.1.1 Energy Consumption by Fuel

Final energy consumption by fuel type includes avtur, premium, kerosene, ADO, IDO,

liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), coal, electricity, wood charcoal and firewood.

Fuel

Availability of fuel oil for domestic purpose is provided by PT. Pertamina.

Consumption of fuel oil in WNT Province based on PT. Pertamina sales data tended

to increase from the year 2001 - 2003, from 512 thousands KL to 531 thousands KL,

down in 2004 to 525 thousands KL then increased again in 2005 to 562 thousands KL.

Fuel sales in WNT in the year 2001 - 2005 are shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3. 1 WNT Fuel Sales (KL) Year 2001-2005

Fuel sales (KL) No. Fuel type

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Avtur 6,331.00 8,324.00 8,002.00 10,995.00 10,420.00

2 Premium 131,866.00 138,777.00 148,470.00 169,912.10 181,710.43

3 Kerosene 176,172.00 164,506.00 177,810.00 134,930.00 130,181.87

4 ADO 197,557.64 196,357.13 196,851.73 208,836.81 239,719.64

5 IDO 405.92

Total 511,926.64 507,964.13 531,133.73 524,673.91 562,437.85

Source : PT. Pertamina, 2006

16

Electricity

Electricity consumption in WNT Province largely supplied by PT. PLN (Persero).

Electricity consumption supplied by non-PLN (PLTMH and isolated PLTS) electricity

system data are not available, while the non-PT PLN provided by PT. NNT (Newmont

Nusa Tenggara) is exclusively for its own use in the mining sector.

PT. PLN electricity sales in WNT Province in the year 2001 - 2005 are shown in Table

3.2. Table 3. 2 Electricity Sales (GWh) in WNT Region

Electricity sales (GWh)

No. Customer Group

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Households 332.659 245.008 275.039 283.623 311.359

2 Commercial 69.622 62.711 68.358 85.516 84.030

3 Public + Social 36.922 28.956 35.189 39.979 44.992

4 Industrial 12.483 8.316 6.384 6.564 7.388

Total 451.687 344.991 384.970 415.682 447.769

Source: PT. PLN (Persero)

LPG

Availibility of LPG in WNT Province also supplied by PT Pertamina. Consumption of

LPG is widely used in the household sector and the commercial sector, only slightly

used in the industrial sector. LPG sales data of PT. Pertamina in the year 2003 - 2005

are shown in Table 3.3. Table 3. 3 LPG Sales (Ton) WNT Pertamina

LPG sales (Ton) No. Area

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Lombok - - 1,468.43 2,379.49 2,209.57

2 Sumbawa - - 153.56 248.84 231.07

3 Bima-Dompu - - 217.11 351.81 326.68

NTB - - 1,839.10 2,980.13 2,767.32

Source: PT Pertamina Coal

Consumption of coal in West Nusa Tenggara Province is mainly used in PT. NNT

power plant and a small portion is used in the industrial sector. Coal supply is

17

imported by PT. NNT itself from Kalimantan. Coal supply data year 2001 - 2005 are

shown in Table 3.4.

Table 3. 4 Coal Supply (Ton) in WNT Province

Coal supply (Ton) No. Area

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Lombok - - - - 28.71

2 Sumbawa 491,412.83 493,874.81 496,349.12 498,835.83 501,335.00

3 Bima - - - - -

NTB 491,412.83 493,874.81 496,349.12 498,835.83 501,363.71

Source: Mining and Energi Office of WNT Province

Charcoal and Firewood

Consumption of charcoal and firewood are dominated by household sector

specifically groups of people with incomes below the poverty line and below the 1.5

x the poverty line. But other sectors which also consume charcoal and firewood in a

relatively small amount are the commercial sector and industrial sector.

Consumption of charcoal and firewood in WNT Province in the year 2001 - 2005 is

shown in Table 3.5. Table 3. 5 Local supply of biomass (BOE) in WNT Province

Local supply of biomass (BOE) No. WilayahArea

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Lombok 236,802.28 242,312.00 247,526.17 253,627.24 259,413.82

- Charcoal 106,564.38 109,025.75 111,441.34 114,574.99 118,011.12

- Firewood 130,237.90 133,286.25 136,084.83 139,052.25 141,402.69

2 Sumbawa 22,002.70 25,812.60 26,148.36 26,816.40 27,537.60

- Charcoal 14,320.71 14,687.40 14,917.86 15,223.40 15,683.60

- Firewood 7,681.99 11,125.20 11,230.50 11,593.00 11,854.00

3 Bima-

Dompu 17,934.25 18,562.98 35,106.21 20,328.31 41,061.68

- Charcoal 8,070.41 8,353.34 15,797.79 9,147.74 19,078.83

- Firewood 9,863.,84 10,209.64 19,308.41 11,180.57 21,982.86

18

Total 296,739.23 306,687.58 312,780.74 320,771.95 328,013.10

Source: Mining and Energi Office of WNT Province

3.2 Final Energy by sector Final energy consumption by sector energy users can be categorized in 5 (five)

sectors namely household sector, commercial sector, industrial sector, transportation

sector and other sectors.

Sector which consumes most of the energy in the year 2005 in WNT Povince is the

transportation sector (38.10%), then, the household sector (22.29%), commercial

sector (20.63%), other sectors (18.59% ) and the industrial sector (0.0039%). Final

energy consumptions in 2005 are shown in Table 3.6. Table 3. 6 Energy Consumption (BOE) in WNT Province Year 2005

Energy consumption in 2005 (BOE) No

Fuel Household Commercial Transportation Industry Others

1 Avtur - - 61,381.09 - -

2 Petrol - - 1,035,745.78 2,200.03 20,971.73

3 Kerosene 398,202.12 364,209.99 - 9,227.91 -

4 ADO - 213,641.07 323,558.80 2,136.93 139,619.06

5 IDO - - - - 2,682.22

6 LPG 5,438.70 18,151.60 - - -

7 Coal - - - 122.79 -

8 Electricity 183,149.29 90,130.36 - 284.74 529,966.68

9 Charcoal 69,795.73 82,977.81 - - -

10 Firewood 174,683.02 - - 556.54 -

Total 831,268.86 769,110.83 1,420,685.67 14,528.93 693,239.69

3.2 Energy Supply 3.2.1 Domestic Resources Energy supply in West Nusa Tenggara Province mostly comes from outside the region

in the form of fossil energy sources (fuel, LPG, Avtur and Stone-coal), only a small

portion comes from local energy sources. The local energy sources are water and

biomass energy consisting of charcoal and firewood. Total energy demands in West

Nusa Tenggara Province in the year 2005 amounted to 5,961,885.36 BOE mostly

supplied from outside the WNT region, while supplied from local energy sources

19

amounted to 343,290.46 BOE (5.75%) consisted of water power for 1,203.16 BOE,

charcoal for 168,050.90 and firewood for 175,239.55 BOE.

3.2.2 Import / Export Transaction Provision of oil fuel in WNT Province is supplied from other regions through three

depots in WNT, which are : Ampenan, Badas and Bima Depot. Those depots are in

charge to distribute oil fuel (premium, IDO, kerosene and avtur) for the three areas,

namely Lombok, Sumbawa and Bima. The capacity of the three distribution depots

are distinct, the largest is Ampenan Depot of 21,000 KL, Badas Depot of 5,433 KL and

Bima Depot of 3,127 KL. The fuel is then distributed to consumers through gas stations,

APMS, APMT and Airports in West Nusa Tenggara Province.

LPG demands of West Nusa Tenggara Province are supplied from other areas

outside WNT managed by PT. Pertamina. Total energy consumption derived from

LPG in West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2005 was 2,767.32 tons which is divided into

2,209.57 tons of Lombok, 231.07 tons of Sumbawa, and 326.68 tons of Bima region.

Supply of coal in West Nusa Tenggara province also came from outside the

province.

Energy consumption of coal is mainly used for fuel in PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara

power plant in the amount of 501,335 BOE. Other coal consumption for 28.71 BOE

was for the food industry sector in the island of Lombok.

3.2.3 Resource Potential 3.2.3.1 Energy fossils

a. Oil

Based on geological data and concepts, there are hydrocarbon basins (forearc

basin) that has the potential resources of oil and natural gas estimated to lie in the

waters of the Lombok Island North and South coast, although until now not yet found

a large reserve (WNT Mining and Energy Office, 2005). To prove it, exploration drilling

has carried out by the British Petroleum (BP) Exploration and bathymetry maping by

Petro Amoco North Sea and Gulf Oil Company service, but until now it is not known

how much the potential is.

Refinery development plan that has obtained permission in WNT Province are : PT.

Binaputra Ekakerta for development of transit terminal / Crude Oil Depot in Sambelia

Village, Tanjung District, West Lombok Regency; Refinery Development Plan by PT.

20

Asia International Independent in Dirah Barong Village; PT. Main Petroref Nusantar in

Merta Awang Ekas Village; PT. Nusamba in Pemokong Keruak-Keruak Village and

Mayhill International Trading & Services Ltd. in Taliwang District.

b. Natural Gas

From the results of a study of the natural gas energy resources in West Nusa

Tenggara Province, until now have been carried out explorations by several

companies, but yet have not known the resources potential.

3.2.3.2 Renewable Energy

a. Renewable Energy

Until 2005, the hydro energy potential in the province was mostly not yet explored

nor exploited. From the hydro energy potential that is already operated, the biggest

comes from Pengga Micro Hydro Power Plant with a capacity of 400 kW which is

interconnected to the Lombok Power System. The other hydro energy production is

spread over few micro hydro power plants which are : Santong, and Sedau using

the flow of small river and which are operated isolatedly.

Based on the hydro energy potential survey done by the Energy and Mining Office

of WNT Province, the province has a hydro energy potential of 159.564 MW. The

biggest potential is located in Sumbawa area at Brang Beh with the potential of

103.5 MW and at Beburung of 20.4 MW. Most of them could be operated as micro or

mini hydro power plant. Table 3. 7 Hydro Power Potential in WNT Province 2005

Type Potential (MW) Large – hydro 150.2000 Minihydro 0.6040 Microhydro 0.0313

Total 150.8353 Source: Mining and Energy Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province

b.Geothermal

Until recently, the geothermal energy in WNT Province is still in the form of proven

reserve and speculated resource. Regulated by Law No 27 of 2003 about

geothermal, it provides a wide opportunity to explore geothermal optimally, either

directly or indirectly such as use for power generation, either by national or foreign

investors. In order to explore the geothermal energy, the government at the

21

provincial and national level should do preliminary survey in order to estimate the

geothermal potential in the region. The result then could be used in a proposal to

investors that might be interested in exploring and exploiting the geothermal energy

in the region. The geothermal potential in WNT Province is shown in Table 3.8. Table 3. 8 Geothermal Potential in WNT Province 2005

Location Regency Reserve (MW)

Resource (MW)

Total (MW)

Sembalun East Lombok 39 100 139 Hu’u Dompu 36 50 86 Maronge Sumbawa 6 50 56

Total 81 200 281 Source: Mining and Energy Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province

c. Solar Energy

Indonesia’s geographical condition results in many-isolated area from the power

system network, but it also results in high potential of solar energy because Indonesia

is located in a tropical area. The average daily solar radiation for Indonesia is 4.5 – 5

kWh/m2/day, while specifically for WNT Province it is 4.51 kWh/m2/day. This results in a

big potential for exploiting the solar energy for solar power plant in the area. Solar

energy potential in WNT Province is shown in Table 3.9.

Table 3. 9 Solar Energy Potential in WNT Province 2005

No. Regency/City Location Utilization Unit Total

Capacity (Wp)

1 West Lombok Desa Buwun Mas, Kec. Sekotong

SHS - 4,125

Desa Pelangan, Kec. Sekotong

SHS - 715

Desa Buwun Mas, Kec. Sekotong

SHS -

1,980

2 Central Lombok

Teratak Batu Kliang Hybrid (hydro + solar)

960 48,000

3 Sumbawa Desa Senawang, Lunyuk SHS - 3,000

Desa Mungkin, Lunyuk SHS - 6,000 Uma Buntar Desa Pelat

Kec. Sumbawa SHS

- 2,805

Dusun Rarat Ronges Desa Bakat, Brang Rhea

SHS -

7,425

Dusun Rarat Ronges Desa Bakat, Brang Rhea

SHS - 935

22

4 Dompu Desa Sorinomo, Pekat SHS - 2,000 5 Bima Bajo Pulau, Sape SHS - 2,500

Total 79,485 Source: Mining and Energy Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province

d. Wind Energy

Wind energy potential in WNT Province is sufficient enough to be exploited through

wind power plants, because it has an average wind speed of 3 – 7.5 m/s. The only

realized wind power plant in WNT Province is a 7 kW power plant built as a prototype

by LAPAN. From few studies, Lombok Island has approximately 60 kW (with an

assumption that each location build 10 units) while in Sumbawa Island has

approximately 40 kW (with an assumption that each location build 10 units), so that

WNT Province is said to have a wind potential of 100 kW that could be exploited.

Wind potential in WNT Province is shown in Table 3.10.

23

Table 3. 10 Wind Power Potential in WNT Province 2005

No. Regency/City Location Wind Speed (m/s)

1 Central Lombok Kuta 5.4 2 East Lombok Sambelia 4.0 Tembere 4.1 Giligede 4.0 Sajang 5.3

3 Sumbawa P. Ketapang Pelampang 3.0 - 5.0

4 Dompu Sori Utu 3.0 - 5.0 Doropeti 3.6 5 Bima Bajopulo 3.9 Pai 3.3 Source: Mining and Energy Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province

e.Bio Energi / Bio Massa / Bio Fuel

WNT Province’s agriculture and forest area result in a high potential of biomass in the

form of wood, farm and forest waste, jatropha seed, animal dump, etc. Biomass

energy potential that could be directly used comes from rice with 1,021,954 ton,

corn with 92,714 ton, coconut 1,065,739 ton and sugar of 185 ton. While the biomass

energy potential that could be processed into bio-fuel comes from cassava with

1,084,998 ton and other plants with 55,750 ton. For the jatropha seed, there is 320,650

acres of land area that potentially could be used to process 1,318,600 ton of bio-

fuel.

From the husbandry sector, there is cattle manure potential that could be processed

into biogas. The biogas potential from cow is 424,698 ton, goat 318,728 ton and

chicken 4,824,929 ton, this needs to be explored and could add to the energy

supply for the village area, and besides a big potential of energy, it is also a solution

for waste management.

The potential of biomass and bio-fuel in WNT Province is shown in Table 3.11 and

3.12. Table 3. 11 The potential of biomass in WNT Province 2005

Biomass Potential (ton) No. Regency/City Location Rice Corn Coconut Sugarcane

1 Mataram Distributed 17,374 114 - - 2 West Lombok Distributed 171,666 22,087 24,055 - 3 Central Lombok Distributed 324,024 4,540 11,881 185

24

4 East Lombok Distributed 249,336 31,350 914,551 - 5 Sumbawa Distributed - 27,334 - - 6 Bima Distributed 145,625 7,289 - - 7 Dompu Distributed 113,929 - 115,252 -

Total 1,021,954 92,714 1,065,739 185 Source: Mining and Energy Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province

Table 3. 12 The potential of bio-fuel in WNT Province Biofuel Potential (Ton)

No. Regency/City Cassava Other

1 West Lombok 418,740 -

2 Central Lombok 252,850 -

3 East Lombok 15,148 55,750 4 Sumbawa 226,550 - 5 Bima - - 6 Dompu 171,710 -

Total 1,084,998 55,750 Source: Mining and Energy Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province

Table 3. 13 The potential of Jatropha in WNT Province

Jatropha Potential No. Regency/City Area (Ha) Biofuel (Ton)

1 West Lombok 50,050 200,200

2 Central Lombok 46,600 186,400

3 East Lombok 37,650 150,600 4 Sumbawa 102,050 408,200

5 Sumbawa Barat 21,300 85,200

6 Dompu 32,650 130,600 7 Bima 37,650 150,600 8 Kota Bima 1,700 6,800

Total 329,650 1,318,600 Source: Mining and Energy Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province

25

Chapter 4 Energy Planning Scenarios

4.1 Energy Policy Energy policy scenario outlined in this document consists of the National Energy

Policy (KEN) and the Regional Energy Policy (KED). KEN is the target set by the

national government, while KED is a policy set by local governments according to

local conditions with reference to targets fixed by KEN.

4.1.1 National Energy Policy (KEN) Policy on the management and utilization of energy in Indonesia is contained in the

National Energy Policy document (KEN) 2003 – 2020, National Energy Management

Blueprint (PEN) 2005 to 2025, and Presidential Regulation No. 5 Year 2006 on National

Energy Policy (Perpres KEN). KEN regulation basically confirmed PEN and KEN

document issued by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Based on KEN

regulation, the national energy policy objective is to direct the efforts in creating

security of energy supply in the country (Article 2 paragraph 1).

The legal basis of the energy consists of:

a. Law Number 22 Year 1999 on Regional Government (State Gazette Year

1999 Number 60, Additional State Gazette Number 3952);

b. Law Number 22 Year 2001 concerning Oil and Natural Gas;

c. Law Number 32 of 2004 on Regional Autonomy;

d. Law Number 30 of 2007 on Energy;

e. Government Regulation Number 10 Year 1989 on the Provision of Electricity

and Energy Utilization (State Gazette Year 1989 Number 24, Additional State

Gazette Number 3394);

f. Government Regulation Number 25 Year 2000 on the Authority of Provinces

as Autonomous Regions (Statute Book Year 2000 Number 54, Additional

State Gazette Number 3952);

g. In implementing the responsibility for setting and monitoring of business

activities and distribution of fuel supply and gas transportation business in

26

the pipeline, the Government has established an independent body of

Downstream Regulatory Body Oil and Natural Gas (Government Regulation

Number 67 of 2002 and the Presidential Decree. 86 of 2002);

h. Government Regulation Number 36 of 2004 on Business Activities

Downstream Oil and Gas;

i. Government Regulation Number 3 Year 2005 regarding amendments to the

Regulation Number 10 Year 1989 on the Provision and Electricity, that to

implement regional autonomy in the field of Electrical Power to give local

governments a role in electricity supply. To ensure the availability of primary

energy to supply electricity for the public interest, priority use of local energy

sources utilization by prioritizing obligations of renewable energy sources;

j. Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2006 on National Energy Policy;

k. Presidential Instruction Number 1 Year 2005 on the Provision and Use of Bio

Fuels as Other Fuel;

l. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 0048 of

2005 on Standards and Quality (Specification) and Oil Fuel Control, Gas

Fuel, Other Fuels, LPG, LNG and Processing Results Marketed inside the

Country;

m. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 0007 of

2005 on Requirements and Guidelines for the Implementation of Business

Licenses on Oil and Gas Downstream Business Activity;

n. Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 0954

K/30/MEM/2004 of the National Electricity General Plan;

o. Decree of the Director General of Oil and Natural Gas Number 3675

K/24/DJM/2006 dated March 17, 2006 about the specification of ADO types;

p. Decree of the Director General of Oil and Natural Gas Number 3674

K/24/DJM/2006 dated March 17, 2006 regarding fuel specifications Gasoline

type;

27

4.1.2 Regional Energy Policy (KED) a. Regional Energy Policy (Ked) specified by local government (Pemda), refers

to the KEN and conditions of the existing energy potential in the area of

their respective regions;

b. Guarantee the availability and smooth distribution of fuel throughout the

territory of Unitary Republic of Indonesia;

c. National Oil Fuel Reserve Policy;

d. Mechanisms and / or formulation of the price of a particular oil fuel in the

days before the price can be submitted to a healthy and transparent

business competition mechanism;

e. Availability and distribution of certain types of fuel;

f. The minimum capacity of storage facilities that must be realized by the

Enterprise;

g. Administrative sanctions and / or fines for the Enterprise that does not

provide national oil fuel reserves in times of need;

h. Imposing sanctions for violations of business license;

i. Policy related to the determination of Commerce Region on specific fuel

types;

j. Policy on phasing of market opening;

k. Opening or closing the import or export of oil fuel based on technical and

economic considerations

l. Policy of Petroleum processing related to the location, type and amount of

oil fuel produced;

m. Incentives for distributing fuel in the Remote Area;

n. Fuel storage policy associated with the location, type and amount.

4.2 Assumptions in the Formulation of Scenarios 4.2.1 Scenario Assumptions Realization of the national energy mix in accordance with the Presidential

Regulation Number 5 Year 2006, the percentage of each energy are:

- Crude Oil Be Less Than 20%;

- Natural Gas Be More Than 30%;

28

- Coal Be More Than 33%;

- Bio Fuels Be More Than 5%;

- Geothermal Be More Than 5%;

- Biomass, Nuclear, micro hydro, Solar, and Wind Power Be More 5%;

- Coal liquefied Be More Than 2%;

- Increased electrification ratio to 100% in the year 2020;

- There is energy conversion from kerosene to LPG;

- Achieving the energy elasticity less than one in the year 2025;

- Start a new use of renewable energy such as bio-diesel and bio-ethanol to

support the mix of energy targets in accordance with the Presidential

Regulation Number 5 Year 2006;

4.2.2 Scenario Parameters 4.2.2.1 KEN Scenario

a. Key Assumptions

In this scenario, the population for the area of Lombok, Sumbawa, and Bima are

assumed to grow each for 1.9%, 1.65%, and 1.35% per year, while GDP will grow,

each for 4.57%, 5.28%, and 5% per year.

b. Assumptions on the demand side

b.1 Activities

Household sector

- Targets of poverty reduction for WNT province are 14% in 2013 and 12% in 2025.

- Compositions of Village-Town in 2025 are 40% -60% for Lombok, and Sumbawa and

Bima to be 50% -50%.

- Electrification ratio is 100% in the year 2025.

Commercial Sector

This sector will grow with the elasticity of 1.27%, 0.95%, and 1.46% respectively for the

area of Lombok, Sumbawa and Bima. With the assumption of the tourism sector will

become a mainstay of WNT, the share of trade subsector, lodging, restaurants, and

financial services will likely increase.

Industrial Sector

29

This sector will grow with the elasticity of 1.46%, 1.0%, and 1.15% respectively for the

area of Lombok, Sumbawa and Bima. As for sub-sector such as timber and rattan, as

well as non-metals in general shows tendency to increase their share.

Transportation Sector

To Lombok, growth of motorcycles will be controlled to decrease gradually from

11.425% in the base year to 7.77% in 2010, and will continue to decline down to

2.285% in 2015. As for passenger cars, buses, and trucks will grow with respective

elasticity of 1.2, 0.95, and 1.2.

To Sumbawa, growth of motorcycles will be controlled to decrease gradually from

10.56% in the base year to 5.28% in 2010, and will continue to decline down to 3.96%

in 2015. As for passenger cars, buses, and trucks will grow with respective elasticity of

1.1, 0.7, and 0.8.

To Bima-Dompu, growth of motorcycles will be controlled decreased gradually from

8.08% in the base year to 4.04% in 2010, and will continue to decline down to 2.02% in

2015. As for passenger cars, buses, and trucks will grow with respective elasticity of

1.2, 0.95, and 1.2.

By suppressing the growth of motorcycles in WNT it is expected to encourage the

growth of public transportation modes. Elasticity values for the bus and the truck also

determined growth in the commercial sector supported by those transportation

modes.

Sea and air transportation of WNT region are assumed to grow with the elasticity of

1.

Other sectors

Other sectors consist of construction, agricultural, mining and quarrying of Lombok

will grow with respective elasticity of 1.2, 0.52, and 1.32; Sumbawa with respective

elasticity of 1.3, 1.0, and 0.39; and Bima-Dompu with respective elasticity of 1.32, 1.0,

and 1.2.

b.2 Fuel Conversion

Kerosene-LPG

Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG has been done in stages depending on

30

the condition in each region. For the household sector, other than based on urban-

rural groups it is also based on income groups as shown in table 4.1. As for industrial

and commercial sectors throughout the WNT is targeted to be completed in 2015. Table 4. 1 Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG for Household sectorusing KEN

Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG

(Year)

Lombok Sumbawa Bima No Income Group

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

1 Under Poverty Line

2015

2020

2025

2020

2025

2020

2 Under 1.5 x Poverty Line

2015

2020 2025

2020 2025

2020

3 Medium

2015

2020

2020

2015

2020

2015

4 Top 20%

2012

2015

2020

2015

2020

2015

ADO - Biodiesel

With the assumption that the use of IDO will be transferred gradually to biodiesel,

then the IDO users sector is targeted in accordance with the stages as shown in

Table 4.2 below.

Table 4. 2 Projections of Biodiesel usage

Gasoline - Bioethanol

31

With the assumption that the use of gasoline will be transferred gradually to the bio-

ethanol, the gasoline users sector is targeted in accordance with the stages as

shown in Table 4.3 below. Table 4. 3 Projections of Bioethanol Usage

MFO – Vegetable Oil

Table 4. 4 Projections of Vegetable Oil Usage

4.2.2.2 KED Scenario

Almost all of the parameters in the activities are same for KEN and KED scenario. The

different is the target of the conversion of kerosene to LPG are not targeted low or

zero as in the KEN scenario. It doesn’t introduce biodiesel, bioethanol and vegetable

oils, such as targeted at the KEN scenario as the substitution of ADO, premium, and

MFO as shown in table 4.2-4.4.

Kerosene-LPG

Targeting the conversion of kerosene to LPG is different between the three regions,

as shown in Table 4.5 below:

32

Table 4. 5 Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG for Household sector using KED

Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG

(Year)

Lombok Sumbawa Bima-Dompu No Income Group

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

1 Under Poverty Line 0% 20% 0% 20% 0% 20%

2 Under 1.5 x Poverty Line 0% 30% 0% 30% 0% 30%

3 Medium 0% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50%

4 Top 20% 10% 80% 10% 80% 10% 80%

Firewood-LPG Table 4. 6 Target of conversion from firewood to LPG for Household sector using KED

Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG

(Year)

Lombok Sumbawa Bima-Dompu No Income Group

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

1 Under Poverty Line 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5%

2 Under 1.5 x Poverty Line 0% 10% 0% 10% 0% 10%

3 Medium 0% 15% 0% 15% 0% 15%

4 Top 20% 15% 20% 5% 20% 5% 20%

Firewood-kerosene Table 4. 7 Target of conversion from firewood to kerosene for Household sector using KED

Target of conversion from kerosene to LPG

(Year)

Lombok Sumbawa Bima-Dompu No Income Group

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

1 Under Poverty Line 10% 0% 10% 0% 10% 0%

2 Under 1.5 x Poverty Line 20% 0% 20% 0% 20% 0%

3 Medium 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0%

33

4 Top 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Table 4. 8 Target of conversion from ADO to electricity using KED Scenario

Year Sub sector

2020 2025

Commercial 50% 75%

Industry 50% 75%

Others 20% 40%

4.3 Energy Scenario Results 4.3.1 Demand Side 4.3.1.1 Results of scenario KEN

By Sector

Projections of energy demand by user sector for the KEN scenario are shown in

the Figure 4.1.A-4.1.c each for the three regions. The graphic shows that the total

energy consumption to Lombok and Bima-Dompu dominated by the transport

sector for each of 2,839.924 and 554.777 thousands BOE in 2025, followed by the

commercial sector respectively 1.675,324 and 343.106 thousands BOE, then the

household sector each of 1,302.588 and 312.662 thousands BOE, then other sectors

each of 181.627 and 107.093 thousands BOE, and industrial sectors respectively

46.283 and 1.574 thousands BOE. This is different from the Sumbawa which showed

that energy consumption is dominated by the other sectors in the amount of 621.351

thousands BOE, followed by the transportation sector of 564.856 thousands BOE,

households 334.690 thousands BOE, Commercial 227.409 thousands BOE, and

Industrial sectors of 4.518 thousands BOE.

Figure 4.1d shows that WNT energy consumption by 2025 for transport sector

3,959.556 thousands BOE or 279% compared to the year 2005; sector registration

3,959.556 thousands Commercial BOE or up to 292%; sector registration 1,949.940

Households thousands BOE or up to 235%; industry for 52.375 thousands BOE or up to

360 and Other sectors for 52.375 thousands BOE or up to 131%.

34

Figure 4.1. a Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for Lombok

Figure 4.1. b Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for Sumbawa

35

Figure 4.1. c Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for Bima-Dompu

Figure 4. 1.d Per Sector Energy Consumption Growth using KEN Scenario for WNT

The composition of energy use in the transportation sector using KEN scenario

for Lombok increases from 44.37% in 2005 to 47.14% in 2025; the commercial sector

from 25.49% to 27.62%; and industrial sector increases slightly from 0.54% to 0.76%. In

contrast to the industrial sector and households, respectively decreases from 3.69%

and 25.90% to 2.99% and 21.48%. While Sumbawa showed an increased composition

of the transport sector, namely from 21.11% in 2005 to 32.23% in 2025; Similarly for

household sector, commercial, and industrial, while the other sectors shows a

decline of composition, ie from 59.31% to 32.23%. Bima-Dompu consumption for

36

transportation sector, commercial and industrial composition shows a slightly

increasement, while the composition of the household sector and others declines. In

general for the WNT area, composition used for the household sector, commercial,

industrial, and transportation continues to increase, while other sectors decline

significantly. Comparison of composition for KEN scenario can be seen in the figure

4.2a-4.2d.

Figure 4.2. a Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for Lombok

Figure 4.2. b Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for Sumbawa

37

Figure 4.2. c Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for Bima-Dompu

Figure 4. 2.d Per Sector Energy Composition using KEN Scenario in Year 2005 and 2025 for WNT

Based on Type of Energy

Energy consumption by type of energy using KEN scenario for the entire WNT

region until the year 2025 is shown in the Figure 4.3a-4.3d below.

Final energy use in Lombok in 2025 using KEN scenario dominated by premium

of 1,895.109 thousands BOE, followed by LPG of 1,259.270 thousands BOE, Electricity

of 897.124 thousands BOE, IDO of 853.9769 thosand BOE, charcoal of 259.852

thousands BOE, bioethanol of 334.3747 thousands BOE, biodiesel of 213.462

thousands BOE, Firewood of 185.6153 thousands BOE, avtur of 141.334 thousands SB,

IDO of 4.679 thousands BOE, vegetable oil of 0.5199 thousands BOE, and Coal of

0.4296 thousands BOE.

Energy consumption for Sumbawa is dominated by the electricity used by

Newmont's mining sector of 529.2991 thousands BOE, followed by premium of

348.716 thousands BOE, LPG of 252.3125 thousands BOE, IDO of 246.1303 thousands

BOE, Electricity of 185.1573 thousands BOE, bioethanol of 61.550 thousands BOE,

biodiesel of 59.424 thousands BOE, charcoal of 40.634 thousands BOE, Firewood of

26.932 thousands BOE, IDO of 1.852 thousands BOE, avtur of 0.549 thousands BOE,

and vegetable oil of 0.206 thousands BOE.

Bima-Dompu energy consumption is dominated by premium of 322.423

thousands BOE, followed by IDO of 307.361 thousands BOE, LPG of 300.798 thousands

BOE, Electricity of 186.528 thousands BOE, biodiesel of 76.811 thousands BOE,

bioethanol of 57.177 thousands BOE, charcoal of 37.288 thousands BOE, Firewood of

38

21.411 thousands BOE, avtur of 8.180 thousands BOE, IDO of 1.109 thousands BOE,

and vegetable oil of 0.123 thousands BOE.

Totally for the entire WNT, the use of premium is still dominant of 2,566.252

thousands BOE, followed by LPG of 1,812.380 thousands BOE, IDO of 1,407.4681

thousands BOE, Electricity of 1,268.809 thousands BOE, bioethanol of 453.102

thousands BOE, biodiesel of 349.697 thousands BOE, charcoal of 337.773 thousands

BOE, Firewood of 234.019 thousands BOE, avtur of 150.063 thousands BOE, IDO of

7.640 thousands BOE, vegetable of 0.849 thousands oil BOE, and coal of 0.4296

thousands BOE.

Energy consumption by type of energy using KEN scenario for the entire region of

WNT will continue to increase until the year 2025 as shown in the Figure 4.3a-4.3d

below.

Figure 4.3. a Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for Lombok

39

Figure 4.3. b Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for Sumbawa

Figure 4.3. c Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for Bima-Dompu

40

Figure 4. 3.d Energy Consumption Growth per Fuel Type using KEN Scenario for WNT

The use of charcoal and firewood for each of the three areas in 2025 shows a

decreasing composition compared with the year 2005, but when viewed in total

WNT use composition, it shows a slight increase. While firewood is decreasing, avtur

shows a nearly fixed composition, but the total WNT showed a slight increase. Final

energy use of coal shows a very little composition and only occurred in Lombok, and

in overall WNT shows almost meaningless composition. Conversion target from

kerosene to LPG causes kerosene appear not to be used again in 2025 and gives

the composition of more likely to use LPG, electricity from 8.50% to 14.79%. IDO, ADO,

and Premium also show a decreasing composition, this is caused by target-setting of

conversion into bioethanol and biodiesel, also control of the growth of transport

sector in particular motorcycles which uses premium and ADO. The use of vegetable

oil is also beginning to appear though the composition is still very small. The

composition of fuel use for Sumbawa shows that the pattern does not follow the

Lombok and Bima-Dompu, because of Newmont, which dominates the electrical

energy usage in Sumbawa. However, if Newmont does not take into electricity, it will

be almost the same pattern for all three areas.

41

Figure 4.4. a. Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for Lombok

Figure 4.4. b Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for Sumbawa

Figure 4.4. c Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for Bima-Dompu

42

Figure 4. 4.d Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KEN for WNT

4.3.1.2 Results of KED Scenario

By sector

Projections of energy demand by user sector using KED scenarios shown in the

Figure 4.5.a-4.5.c for each of the three regions. The graphs shows that the total

energy consumption for Lombok and Bima-Dompu are dominated by the transport

sector for each of 2,859.086 thousands BOE and 554.777 thousands BOE in 2025,

followed by the commercial sector respectively 1,521.861 thousands BOE and

324.050 thousands BOE, for households respectively 1,182.244 thousands BOE and

276.754 thousands BOE, for other sectors respectively 181.608 thousands BOE and

107.309 thousands BOE, and for industry respectively 46.837 thousands BOE and 1.598

thousands BOE. This is different from the Sumbawa which shows that the energy

consumption is dominated by the other sectors in the amount of 621.355 thousand

BOE, followed by the transportation sector of 564.851 thousands BOE, households of

317.608 thousands BOE, Commercial of 202.934 thousands BOE, and Industrial sectors

of 4.533 thousands BOE.

Total energy use per sector for WNT in 2025 for the transportation sector is

3,978.714 thousands of BOE or be 280% from usage in year 2005; Commercial is

2,048.845 thousands BOE or be 266%; households is 1,776.606 thousands BOE or be

214%; Others in the amount of 910.271 thousands BOE or be 131%; and industry

sectors of 52.968 thousands BOE or be 364%.

43

Figure 4.5. a Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for Lombok

Figure 4.5. b Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for Sumbawa

44

Figure 4.5. c Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for Bima-Dompu

Figure 4. 5.d Energy consumption growth per sector using KED for WNT

Composition of energy consumption using KED scenario for Lombok in the

transportation sector increases from 44.37% in 2005 to 49.37% in 2025; the

commercial sector from 25.49% to 26.28%; and industrial sector increased slightly

from 0.54% to 0.81%; contrary to other sectors and households, respectively

decreased from 3.69% and 25.90% to 3.14% and 20.41%. Sumbawa also shows an

increased composition for the transport sector, namely from 21.11% in 2005 to 33.01%

in 2025; as well as for household sector from 10.30% to 18.56%, commercial from 9,

09% to 11.86%, while the other sectors showed a decline of composition, ie from

59.32% to 36.31%. Bima-Dompu consumption for transport sector increased slightly

45

from 41.95% in 2005 to 43.87% in 2025; as well as for the commercial sector from

20.61% to 25.63% and industry from 0.11% to 0.13 %; other sectors and households

declined slightly, from 28.17% and 9.15% in 2005 to 21.89% and 8.49% in 2025. In

general for the WNT region, the composition of use in the year 2005 for the

household sector from 15.63% to 19.43% in 2025, commercial from 14.24% to 17.76%,

industry from 0.27% to 0.44%, and transport 28.70% to 39.35%; while other sectors

shows a significant decrease from 41.15% to 23.02%. Comparison of composition for

KED scenario can be seen in the figure 4.6a-4.6d.

Figure 4.6. a Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for Lombok

Figure 4.6. b Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for Sumbawa

46

Figure 4.6. c Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for Bima-Dompu

Figure 4. 6.d Energy Composition per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 using KED for WNT

Based on Type of Energy

Energy consumption by type of energy using KED scenario for the entire region

of WNT will continue to increase until the year 2025 as shown in the figure 4.7a-4.7d

below.

Final energy use in Lombok in the year 2025 for KED scenarios dominated by

Premium of 2224.6149 thousands BOE, followed by electricity of 952.0482 thousands

BOE, LPG of 849.9557 thousands BOE, ADO of 747.7545 thousands BOE, charcoal of

363.8111 thousands BOE, Firewood of 161.8123 thousands BOE, avtur of 160.4967

thousands BOE, IDO of 1.5596 thousand BOE, and Coal of 0.4296 thousands BOE.

For Sumbawa is dominated by the electricity used by Newmont's mining sector

of 529.2991 thousand BOE, followed by Premium of 410.0933 thousands BOE, ADO of

254.3139 thousands BOE, electricity of 196.4579 thousands BOE, LPG of 133.2135

47

thousands BOE, charcoal of 54.429 thousands BOE, Firewood of 22.5899 thousands

BOE, IDO of 0.6173 thousands BOE, and avtur of 0.5448 thousands BOE.

Bima-Dompu energy use is dominated by Premium of 379.2718 thousands of

BOE, followed by ADO of 297.6902 thousands BOE, Electricity of 219.4234 thousands

BOE, LPG of 175.8792 thousands of BOE, charcoal of 60.137 thousands BOE, Firewood

of 17.8882 thousands BOE, and avtur of 8.1796 thousands BOE.

In total for the entire WNT, the use of Premium is still dominant in the amount of

3,013.98 thousands BOE, followed by Electricity of 1,367.9295 thousands BOE, ADO of

1,299.7586 thousands BOE, LPG of 1,159.0484 thousands BOE, charcoal of 478.3771

thousands BOE, Firewood of 202.2904 thousands BOE, avtur of 169.2211 thousands

BOE, IDO of 2.556 thousands BOE, and Coal of 0.4296 thousands BOE.

Figure 4.7. a Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for Lombok

48

Figure 4.7. b Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for Sumbawa

Figure 4.7. c Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for Bima-Dompu

49

Figure 4. 7.d Energy consumption growth of per fuel type using KED for WNT

The use of charcoal and firewood for the region Lombok and Bima-Dompu in 2025

showed a decreasing composition compared with the year 2005, instead Sumbawa

shows a slight increase in the composition. But in total it shows a decrease of WNT

use composition, Avtur shows the composition of a slightly decreased for Lombok

and Bima-Dompu, and slightly rose for Sumbawa. West Nusa Tenggara in total shows

a sharp decline. Final energy use of coal shows the composition of very small and

only located in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and overall composition showed

almost no meaning. Target conversion of kerosene to LPG was done in stages but

there is still kerosene in the year 2025 with a composition that is small enough

compared with the year 2005 and provides a greater composition for use LPG.

Electricity shows an increased composition of the three areas, while IDO and ADO

show the decline composition.

50

Figure 4.8. a Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for Lombok

Figure 4.8. b Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for Sumbawa

Figure 4.8. c Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for Bima-Dompu

Figure 4. 8.d Energy usage per fuel type in 2005 and 2025 Using KED for WNT

4.3.2 Supply Side 4.3.2.1 Scenario KEN

Primary Energy Supply

51

To fullfil the energy demands, an adequate supply of energy should be

provided to meet the security of energy supply. The amount of final energy supply

such as LPG, IDO, premium, and avtur increases along with the amount of energy

demand. While the supply of ADO and coal, in addition to meet the final energy

needs also to the process of transformation into electrical energy. Total ADO supply

for Lombok in 2025 as shown in Figure 4.9a is 853.977 thousands BOE, while coal is

1,829.325 thousands BOE. MFO is 369.9796 thousands BOE, Solar is 2.8896 thousands

BOE, Hydro is 4.5485 thousands BOE, Geothermal is 40.2738 thousands BOE, Biomass is

177.0066 thousands BOE, charcoal is 259.852 thousand BOE, Premium is 1,895.109

thousand BOE, ADO is 976.8424 thousand BOE, jathropa is 287.2691 thousands BOE,

Coal is 1,829.325 thousands BOE, firewood is 383.2476 thousand BOE.

Energy supply for Sumbawa consists of LPG 252.3125 thousands BOE, MFO

94.1491 thousands BOE, Solar 0.2309 thousands BOE, Hydro 0.5762 thousands BOE,

Biomass 15.7512 thousands BOE, premium 348.7156 thousands BOE, ADO 329.756

thousands BOE, Coal 2,437.162 thousands of BOE, IDO 1.852 thousands BOE, Avtur

0.5493 thousand BOE, Firewood 39.4341 thousands BOE (Figure 4.9b).

Energy supply for Bima-Dompu as shown in Figure 4.9c consists of LPG 300.798

thousands BOE, MFO 15.8612 thousands BOE, Solar 0.0609 thousands BOE, Hydro

2.4701 thousands BOE, Geothermal 0, Biomass 28.7415 thousands BOE, premium

322.4272 thousands BOE, ADO 314.9736 thousands BOE, Coal 267.2987 thousands of

BOE, IDO 1.1088 thousands BOE, Avtur 8.1796 thousands of BOE, Firewood 54.8459

thousands BOE.

Figure 4.9d shows total energy supply for WNT Region that consists of LPG

1,812.38 thousands BOE, MFO 479.9899 thousands BOE, Solar 3.1814 thousands BOE,

Hydro 7.5948 thousands BOE, Geothermal 40.2738 thousands BOE, Biomass 221.4993

thousands BOE, premium 2,566.252 thousands BOE, ADO 1,621.572 thousands BOE,

jathropa 287,2691 thousands of BOE, Coal 4,533.786 thousands of BOE, IDO 7.6396

thousands BOE, Avtur 150.0633 thousands of BOE, Firewood 477.5276 thousands BOE.

52

Figure 4.9. a Primary Energy Supply using KEN for Lombok

Figure 4.9. b Primary Energy Supply using KEN for Sumbawa

53

Figure 4.9. c Primary Energy Supply using KEN for Bima-Dompu

Figure 4. 9.d Primary Energy Supply using KEN for WNT

Transformation

In the year 2025, the energy input needed to power the transformation process in

Lombok using KEN scenario is coal 1,828.8954 thousands BOE, Biodiesel 30.7164

thousands BOE, Geothermal 40.2738 thousands BOE, Hydro 4.5485 thousands BOE,

MFO 369.9796 thousands of BOE, Vegetable Oil 41.108 thousands BOE, ADO 122.8655

thousands BOE, and Solar 2.8896 thousands BOE, with a total transformation input of

2,441.2776 thousands BOE.

54

Figure 4.10. a Energy input for the transformation using KEN for Lombok

In Sumbawa the amount of energy input used in the 2025 year is Coal 315.0306

thousands BOE, Biodiesel 3.406 thousands BOE, Hydro 0.5762 thousands BOE, MFO

94.1491 thousands BOE, Vegetable Oil 10.461 thousands BOE, IDO 13.6242 thousands

BOE, and Solar 0.2309 thousands BOE, with a total transformation input of 437.4781

thousands BOE.

Figure 4.10. b Energy input for the transformation using KEN for Sumbawa Whereas in Bima-Dompu in that year uses the energy input for each of Coal 124.6524

thousands BOE, Biodiesel 1.9032 thousands BOE, Geothermal 144.1378 thousands

BOE, Hydro 2.4701 thousand BOE, MFO 15.8612 thousands BOE, Vegetable oil 1.7624

55

thousands BOE, ADO 7.6127 thousands BOE, and Solar 0.2081 thousands BOE, with a

total transformation input of 298.6078 thousands BOE.

Figure 4.10. c Energy input for the transformation using KEN for Bima-Dompu

In total for all the three areas, then use of input energy to the WNT region using KEN

scenario in 2025, namely coal 2,268.5784 thousands BOE, Biodiesel 36.0256 thousands

BOE, Geothermal 184.4116 thousands BOE, Hydro 7.5948 thousands BOE, MFO

479.9899 thousands BOE, Vegetable Oil 53.3322 thousands BOE, ADO 144.1024

thousands BOE, and Solar 3.3286 thousand BOE, with a total transformation input of

3,177.3635 thousands BOE.

Figure 4. 10.d. Energy input for the transformation using KEN for WNT

Figure 4.11a-4.11d shows the total transformation for KEN scenario, the total

transformation of Lombok for charcoal in the year 2025 amounted to 259.8518

56

thousands BOE, Biodiesel 244.1787 thousand BOE, Bioethanol 334.3747 thousands

BOE, Firewood 141.704 thousands BOE, Electricity 1,874.0607 thousands BOE, and

vegetable oil 41.6287 thousands BOE, with a total transformation output 2,895.7986

thousands BOE. Transformation of Sumbaw a in 2025 consists of charcoal 15.7512

thousands BOE, Firewood 25.7556 thousands BOE, Electricity 372.3305 thousands BOE,

Electricity of Newmont 1,131.4596 thousand s BOE, with the total transformation

output of 1,545.2969 thousands BOE. While t he transformation of Bima-Dompu in the

same year consists of charcoal 19.161 thousands BOE, Firewood 21.4109 thousands

BOE, and Electricity 391.6283 thousands BOE, with total transformation output of

432.2002 thousands BOE. Total transformation of WNT consists of Charcoal 294.764

thousands BOE, Biodiesel 244.1787 thousands BOE, Bioethanol 334.3747 thousands

BOE, Firewood 188.8705 thousands BOE, Electr icity 2,638.02 thousands BOE, Electricity

of Newmont 1,131.46 thousands BOE, and vegetable oil 41.6287 thousand BOE, with

a total transformation output of 4,873.296 thousands BOE.

Figure 4.11. a Total transformation using KEN for Lombok

57

Figure 4.11. b Total transformation using KEN for Sumbawa

Figure 4.11. c Total transformation using KEN for Bima-Dompu

58

Figure 4. 11.d. Total transformation using KEN for WNT 4.3.2.2 KED Scenario

Primary Energy Supply

Figure 4.12a shows the amount of energy supply for Lombok using KED

scenario that consists of LPG 849.9557 thousands BOE, MFO 569.1305 thousands BOE,

Solar 2.8896 thousands BOE, Hydro 4.5485 thousands BOE, Biomass 545.7166

thousands BOE, Premium 2,224.6149 thousands BOE, Kerosene 329.1528 thousand

BOE, ADO 965.2497 thousands BOE, Coal 1,829.531 thousands BOE, IDO 1.5596

thousand BOE, Avtur 160.4967 thousands BOE, firewood 444.5672 thousands BOE.

Figure 4.12. a Primary Energy Supply using KED for Lombok

59

Energy supply in the area of Sumbawa (figure 4.12b) consists of LPG 133.2135

thousands BOE, MFO 139.7697 thousands BOE, Solar 0.1262 thousands BOE, Hydro

0.5762 thousand BOE, Biomass 54.429 thousands BOE, Premium 410.0933 thousands

BOE, Kerosene 109.7225 thousands BOE, ADO 347.0695 thousands BOE, Coal

2236.688 thousands BOE, IDO 0.6173 thousands BOE, and Avtur 0.5448 thousands

BOE, and Firewood 84.5489 thousands of BOE.

Figure 4.12. b Primary Energy Supply using KED for Sumbawa

Meanwhile, energy supply for the Bima-Dompu as shown in the figure 4.12c consists

of LPG 175.8792 thousands BOE, MFO 22.0841 thousands BOE, Solar 0.0609 thousands

BOE, Hydro 2.4701 thousands BOE, Biomass 28.7415 thousands BOE, Premium

379.2718 thousands BOE, Kerosene 105.6388 thousands BOE, ADO 309.7773

thousands BOE, Coal 267.2987 thousands BOE, IDO 0.3791 thousands BOE, and Avtur

8.1796 thousands BOE, and Firewood 48.9746 thousands BOE.

60

Figure 4.12. c Primary Energy Supply using KED for Bima-Dompu

Figure 4.12d shows the total supply for the WNT region consists of LPG 1,159.048

thousands BOE, MFO 730.9843 thousands BOE, Solar 3.0767 thousands BOE, Hydro

7.5948 thousands BOE, Biomass 628.8871 thousands BOE, Premium 3,013.98 thousands

BOE, Kerosene 544.5141 thousands BOE, ADO 1,622.097 thousands BOE, Coal

4,333.518 thousand BOE, IDO 2.556 thousands BOE, and Avtur 169.2211 thousands

BOE, and Firewood 578.0907 thousands BOE.

Figure 4. 12.d Primary Energy Supply using KED for WNT

61

Transformation

In the year 2025, the energy input needed for the transformation process in Lombok

using KED scenario consists of Coal 1,829.102 thousands BOE, Hydro 4.5485 thousands

BOE, MFO 569.1305 thousands BOE, ADO 217.4952 thousands BOE, and Solar 2.8896

thousands BOE, with the total transformation input of 2,623.1657 thousands BOE.

Figure 4.13. a Energy input for the transformation using KED for Lombok

In Sumbawa the amount of energy input used in 2025 consists of Coal 114.5566

thousands BOE, Hydro 0.5762 thousands BOE, MFO 139.7697 thousands BOE, ADO

22.7541 thousand BOE, and Solar 0.1262 thousands BOE, with total transformation

input of 2,491.9658 thousands BOE.

62

Figure 4.13. b Energy input for the transformation using KED for Sumbawa While in Bima-Dompu in 2025 the energy input used consists of Coal 176.2173

thousands BOE, Geothermal 144.1378 thousands BOE, Hydro 2.4701 thousands BOE,

MFO 22.0841 thousands BOE, ADO 12.087 thousands BOE, and Solar 0.3329

thousands BOE, with total transformation input of 357.3293 thousands BOE.

Figure 4.13. c Energy input for the transformation using KED for Bima-Dompu

In total for all the three areas, then the input energy used for to the WNT in 2025 using

KED scenario consists of coal 2,119.8759 thousands BOE, Geothermal 144.1378

thousands BOE, Hydro 7.5948 thousands BOE, MFO 730.9843 thousands BOE, ADO

252.3363 thousands BOE, and Solar 3.3487 thousands BOE, with a total transformation

input of 3,258.2778 thousands BOE.

63

Figure 4. 13.d Energy input for the transformation using KED for WNT

Total energy results in the transformation for Lombok using KED scenario in 2025

(figure 4.14a) consists of charcoal 363.8111 thousands BOE, Firewood 162.1135

thousands of BOE, and Electricity 1,966.0412 thousands BOE, with a total

transformation output of 2,491.9658 thousands BOE. While for Sumbawa consisits of

Charcoal 54.429 thousands BOE, Firewood 22.5899 thousands BOE, Electricity 308.304

thousands BOE, and Electricity of Newmont 1,131.4596 thousands BOE, with a total

transformation output of 1,516.7825 thousands BOE (Figure 4.14b). The total

transformation for Bima-Dompu consists of Charcoal 19.161 thousands BOE, Firewood

17.8882 thousands BOE, and Electricity 450.2827 thousands BOE, with a total

transformation output of 487.3318 thousands BOE. (figure 4.14c). In totalfor WNT

Region consists of (figure 4.14d) Charcoal 437.4011 thousands BOE, Firewood

202.5916 thousands BOE, Electricity 2,724.628 thousands BOE, and Electricity of

Newmont 1,131.46 thousands BOE, with the total transformation output of 4,496.08

thousands BOE.

Figure 4.14. a Total transformation using KED for Lombok

64

Figure 4.14. b Total transformation using KED for Sumbawa

Figure 4.14. c Total transformation using KED for Bima-Dompu

65

Figure 4. 14.d. Total transformation using KED for WNT

4.3.3 Comparison of KEN and KED Scenario Results

4.3.3.1 Demand Side

Per Sector Demand

When compared between KEN and KED scenarios, from Figure 4.15 can be seen

that the per sector energy composition in Lombok is not showing significant

differences. The composition of the transportation sector in 2010 for both scenarios

are quite similar, but in 2015 and 2025 the sector composition is slightly higher about

2% while for the household sector is less than 1% in KED scenario.The commercial

sector has almost the same composition, as well as the industrial sector and other

sectors they increase in the scenarios.

66

KEN KED

Figure 4. 15 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED Lombok

67

KEN KED

Figure 4. 16 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED Sumbawa

Sumbawa region also shows a similar composition in the two scenarios for each

sector in the same year (figure 4.16). The same picture is also seen in the Bima-

Dompu (figure 4.17). Comparison of the two scenarios for a total of WNT can be

seen in the Figure 4.18.

68

69

KEN KED

Figure 4. 17 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu

70

KEN KED

Figure 4. 18 Per sector Energy Composition KEN vs KED WNT

71

Demand for each type of energy

If seen from the diversity of the fuel type used, for the three regions using KEN

scenario there is a new type of fuel which is biodiesel, bio-ethanol and vegetable oil.

It is because the scenario is targeted to gradually replace IDO, gasoline, and the

MFO. Reduction of premium and kerosene usage composition using KEN scenario is

more progressive than the KED scenario, while the use of ADO tends to fall

significantly gradual in the KED scenario. Composition of electricity usage in the KED

scenario is greater than KEN; it is because of the target to transfer from ADO to

electricity in KED scenario. In the year 2025 the use of kerosene is also still exist in KED

scenario; it is because the target of zero kereosene is not applied to all groups of

households. Comparison of the three area is shown in Figure 4.19 -4.22 below.

72

KEN KED

Figure 4. 19 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok

73

KEN KED

Figure 4. 20 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa

74

KEN KED

Figure 4. 21 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu

75

KEN KED

Figure 4. 22 Energy composition per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT

76

4.3.3.2 Supply Side

Figure 23-26 below shows a comparison of energy supply for KEN and KED

scenarios on the three areas in 2010, 2015, and 2025. The supply composition follows

the demand composition.

KEN KED

Figure 4. 23 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok

77

KEN KED

Figure 4. 24 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa

78

KEN KED

Figure 4. 25 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu

79

KEN KED

Figure 4. 26 Primary energy supply per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT

80

Type of energy input for the transformation process into electricity on KEN scenario becomes more diverse when compared with KED scenario because of the target use of biodiesel, bio-ethanol and vegetable oils on KEN scenario, so that on KEN scenarios shows reduction of IDO and MFO composition significantly. On KED scenario, although the composition of the coal increases, and the composition of IDO oil continued to decline, the composition of the MFO is still high enough. The picture of energy input for transformation process into elelctricity can be seen in the Figure 4.27-4.30 below. KEN KED

81

Figure 4. 27 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok

82

KEN KED

Figure 4. 28 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa

83

KEN KED

Figure 4. 29 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu

84

KEN KED

Figure 4. 30 Transformation input per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT

85

KEN KED

Figure 4. 31 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED Lombok

86

KEN KED

Figure 4. 32 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED Sumbawa

87

KEN KED

Figure 4. 33 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED Bima-Dompu

88

KEN KED

Figure 4. 34 Transformation output per fuel type KEN vs KED WNT

89

Chapter 5 Energy Access for Poor People of Teres Genit

Village

5.1 Background The main purpose of the Carepi program is to develop institutional and technical

capabilities in:

a. Carry out energy planning and energy policy studies to support sustainable

development

b. Provide better energy services for low-income people to improve their living

standards.

Target to be achieved in the regional energy planning are:

a. support the establishment and strengthening of the energy forum and an

energy technical team in the WNT Province;

b. study the energy condition in the WNT Province and its development needs

especially for low-income communities;

c. Facilitate the participation of the private sector in energy development.

Through this program already formed the Regional Energy Technical Team which

will provide inputs for Forkenda in formulating regional energy policies.

To realize the above mentioned goals and targets, the technical team needs to

make efforts to facilitate the role of the government and the private sector to

support the community's ability in using the local resources to meet its own energy

needs and create jobs, reduce unemployment and poverty level. This will increase

the people living standards along with the development of economic activities in

the village.

5.2 Teres Genit Village Profile

5.2.1 Geographical Location and Population

Teres Genit is the location chosen as the target for the study of energy needs

assessment, it is because the location is not connected to the PLN network and this

village is also include in the poor people group.

90

Genit teres is a hamlet located in the Bayan village, Bayan District, West Lombok

Regency (now the North Lombok Regency) in West Nusa Tenggara Province. It is

geographically located at 8017 '49.7 "S and 1160 25' 30.6" BT. The north side of it is

Anyar village, the south of it is the conservation forest, the west side of it is the Senaru

Village, and the east of it is the Loloan Village.

Settlements condition in the Teres Genit Village is quite concentrated. The distance

between houses are not too far away. From the survey conducted in 3 villages, the

number of households is 510 households, with a population estimated at 1,785

peoples.

Figure 5. 1 Settlements of Village Teres Genit People

91

Figure 5. 2 Activities of Village Teres Genit People

5.2.2 Energy Use Survey of energy use that conducted before the construction of PLTMH Teres

Genit shows the types of energy sources that have been used by the public for

household use, namely:

- Lighting using kerosene

- Cooking and heating water using firewood and kerosene. Here, kerosene is used

only as firewood trigger.

- Ironing clothes with charcoal from firewood

- Timber trades use gasoline to start the generator.

- Motorcycle fuel and other transportation (transportation equipment) using

gasoline and ADO.

5.2.3 Energy Potential Through CAREPI Program, several surveys of potential sites for micro hydro

development in WNT have been conducted, and Teres Genit Village is one of the

locations selected by the local government for the construction of Micro Hydro

Power (PLTMH). This selection considers few things which are to meet the needs of

Teres Genit Village people for electrical energy and the potential of available water

sufficient to be developed as PLTMH.

Other possible energy sources that can be used in Teres Genit is biogas energy

from cattle manure. People there have a lot of animals (cows) for the purpose of

plowing, but the cow manure has not been used so far. It could be offered to be

processed as biogas to substitute the use of kerosene and firewood for cooking and

heating water. Especially with the issue of global warming, people should be aware

not to use firewood from the forest surrounding the site.

92

5.2 Energy Infrastructure Design As mentioned above, that based on the available potential, then the priority energy

infrastructure that will be developed to meet the energy needs of electricity in the

Teres Genit Village is PLTMH development. The guarantee of electrical energy supply

generated by PLTMH Teres Genit when estimated from the water potential, shows

that the PLTMH can continue to operate well throughout the whole year assisted

with scheduled of water channel maintenance, machine maintenance and other

support components maintenance.

Supply capacity is only provided for the needs of lighting and other household

needs. If there is spare capacity, it can be used to support the productive effort.

Meanwhile the use of firewood for cooking purposes increased along with the

growth of households. This condition causes the availability of firewood in the forest

longer will begin to decrease. To anticipate this, it is necessary to think of a way of

substituting the use of firewood with other types of energy available in the location.

Based on the existing potential, the further development will be biogas as one of

alternative energy types.

To process cow manure to biogas, it needs a complete designed of digester

technology, starting from the correct cage design to facilitate the filling the people

manure into the digester, until the biogas installation into homes or group of energy

users.

5.3 Productive Business Development Opportunities

The villages around the location of PLTMH Teres Genit economically have the

potential to be developed, especially agriculture and plantation sectors. Until now,

the facilities for processing agricultural products and the plantation has not been

adequate. Production facilities that have the opportunity to be developed are

storage and processing of agricultural and plantation, such as rice mills, coconut,

coffee, and corn processor, also carpentry. Along with the availability of energy

infrastructure, productive efforts that support community economic improvement

also need to be developed.

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Development of productive activities aimed at, among others, stimulate the

formation of institutions in rural resource management; stimulate economic activities

in rural areas; increase the productivity and employment; improve the welfare for

the poor through the provision of energy.

To start a productive business with the low economic level of the average

community, it must begin with the work done collectively in the form of cooperative

as an example. That institutions are expected to be able to identify existing problems

in the village. Therefore, institutional strengthening at the village level becomes very

important.

To determine the type of productive activities that will be developed, it should

begin by identifying the natural resources available, human resources, and the types

of businesses that want to be developed by the community. Type of activity or

business that is initiated by the community itself will give more of the desired results,

so trainings that is truly the community needs can be given.

Results of discussions with the local community shows that there is a lot of

activity or effort that will uplift the rural economy, as shown in the following Table 5.1

below.

To provide skills to the community in starting a business, it can be provided

through skills training. Training provided, in addition to supporting the activities or

collective effort is also given to the development efforts of the household

(individual). The facilitator of this activity can come from the Cooperation Office,

Industry, and other related agencies, and private institutions or other relevant

parties. Table 5. 1 Productive Business Opportunities in the Teres Genit Village No. Business

Type Supporting Factors Technology / Operations

1. Rice Milling / RMU

• Have the potential that observed from wide of the land and occupations of local communities as farmers

• 2 times a growing season • Location close to housing

/ owner • The main staple food is

• Machine under 7 PK • Operating only during the

day • Supervised by local

authorities

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rice

2. Coconut Oil • Many productive coconut trees

• Coconut oil is used for the daily cooking

• During When the big day, the consumption is more

• Cost efficiency

• Mesin parut listrik 450 watt (bisa perorangan atau dibetuk usaha terpadu )

• 450 watts Grated electric machine (can be individual or integrated business group)

• 450 watts mixer engine • Daytime operation

3. Carpentry • Increases creativity • Preserves culture • Fosters innovation • Opens employment • Utilizes the existing timber

resources • How to use is already

widely known • Increase income

• Currently in the Teres Genit village exists 11 units of machine / generator for to the carpentry business @ 0,5-1,2 kW using Fuel.

• It longer needed equipment that uses electricity.

• Jigsaw Pendix machine jigsaw.

• Polisher Machine • Fining machine, etc. • Daytime operation

4. Business of compost

• A lot of rice husk waste • Needed by plants • New business opportunity • Available labor • A lot of animal waste

• Compost machine / mix small to medium

• Daytime operation

5. Milling coffee, rice, maize

• Coffee consumed everyday

• There are guest houses effort by T & R

• During the big day the consumption is more

• Cost efficiency • Can be placed close to

houses / rice mill

• Grinding machine with a 450-watt dynamo

• Collective / individual

6. Fish pellets • Potential of large water • Fish ponds owned by T &

R for the business

• Small type pellet machine (mixer)

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• Restaurants • the community business

is aimed at raising fish • The goldfish price is good

enough • Fish feed raw material is

available

• Daytime

7. Tailor • Very neede by society in clothing sector

• Reducing the cost to tailor

• New business opportunities

• Placed in the home and work during the day

• Sewing machine • Dinamo sewing machine

8. Cake / snacks makers

• Business opportunities for mothers

• Reduce the cost of shopping

• Improving the business climate in the community

• Mixer • oven

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Chapter 6

Renewable Energy Project (PLTMH) 6.1 PLTMH Project Design and Development Utilizing the energy of water from Teres Genit irrigation channels, with debit mainstay

of 200 lt / s with installed capacity of 28.8 kW. The maximum power can be achieved

approximately 89% the length of time in one year (325 days), while 40 days able

power of PLTMH ranged from 17.2 s / d 27.3 kW. The maximum peak load is 25 kW.

6.1.1 Plan View

Figure 6. 1 Plan View of PLTMH Teres Genit

3 A

INVENTORY

STUDY PLAN VIEW

2

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6.1.2 Components of Civil 6.1.2.1 Intake

Intake Type of Irrigation Channels.

Figure 6.2. a S eparate structure from the cross section Figure 6. 2.b Calculation of Longitudinal Intake

6.1.2.2 Headrace

Headrace is designed with flow length of 10.9 m; Gradient of 0.667 m/m, flow velocity of 0.685 m/s;

and construction materials of river stone.

Figure 6. 3 Map of Inlet and Reliever Pond

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6.1.2.3 Powerhouse

The original basis size is 3x4 m; Altitude of soil / ground is 550 m a.s.l; Estimated

maximum flood level of 548.2 m a.s.l.

Figure 6. 4 Power House of PLTMH Teres Genit

6.1.2.4 Tailrace

Cross section of 0.65 m deep x 0.65 m wide; length 5 m; tailwater normal level is 549.5

m a.s.l; freebord of 0.21 m.

6.1.3 Electro-mechanical Components

6.1.3.1 Turbine

Flow design of Qd = 0.2 m3/s; net head Hnet = 22.657 m; the required electrical load

Pel, d = 25 kW. The appropriate type of turbine: Crossflow, Head between 4 to 50 m

Estimated turbine efficiency ηturbine = 75 %

Pmech = ηturbine x net H x Qd x g = 75% x 22,657 x 0,2 x 9,81 = 33,3 kW

With : netH = grossH x 95% (with an average

value)

Qd = desired flow design in m3/s

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g = acceleration (gravity) of 9.81 m/s2

6.1.3.2 Generator

Types recommended : Asynchronous, 50 kVA, 220 / 380 V, 50 Hz.

Estimated coupling efficiency ηcoupling = 96 % (95-98%)

Estimated generator efficiency ηgenerator = 90 % (85-92%).

Pel = η co x η gen x P mech = 0,96 x 0,9 x33,3 = 28,8 kW

6.1.3.3 Control System

The recommended control systems are electric load controller (ELC) with air ballas

and Direct control turbine with flow control.

Figure 6. 5 Electrical-mecanical components of PLTMH Teres Genit

6.1.4 Transmission To increase the voltage of the electrical power requires a voltage step-up

transformer with the capacity of 50 kVA. While at the low voltage side requires 2

voltage step-down transformers with each capacity of 25 kVA. The two transformers

are placed each in the Dasan Tutul and Teres Genit. The power transmission requires

medium voltage transmisi line with the length of 1.5 km. The distance from the

powerhouse to the load center is about 2.25 km. Conductors needed to cover all of

the 2.25 kms (3 phase) are the type of AAAC 50 mm2. Low voltage transmission line is

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using LVTC 3x35 mm2 cable with a length of 5 km.

Figure 6. 6 One of The Dristibution Transformer of PLTMH Teres Genit

Figure 6. 7 One of The LV pole of PLTMH Teres Genit

6.1.5 Load To serve all households, the consumer is divided into 90 groups of customers, each

consisting of 3 to 5 customers and 5 groups of customers of public facilities (Houses

of worship, schools, assistant of public health center). Each customer group is served

by 1 kWh meters with a 450 VA power.

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6.2 Utilization of PLTMH

Figure 6. 8. Secretariat of PLTMH Teres Genit

Currently PLTMH has been operating under the management of local institutions

specifically established by the community to manage PLTMH Genit Teres.

With PLTMH Teres Genit operated, the community received an additional type of

energy that is electrical energy which used to meet the energy needs both for

lighting and other productive activities. PLTMH Teres Genit operates for 20 hours

(17:00 to 13:00) each day, except for Sundays it only operates about 12 hours

because there is maintenance of water channels. The capacity of electric power

generated by the PLTMH is 30 kW, while the electrical power used by the community

for current conditions ranged from 17 to 18 kW, which means that there is an excess

of electrical power that can be used for productive activities.

.

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Figure 6. 9 Electrical installations in households of PLTMH Teres Genit

To achieve the objective of increasing community economic through the provision

of energy, then the next step is to facilitate community empowerment activities as

described in chapter 5 above. In this case the role of various stakeholders including

government, private sector, NGOs, universities, and other parties concerned are

needed.

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REFERENCE

1. Oetomo Tri Winarno, “Perencanaan Energi & Profil Energi”, CAREPI Project, November

2006.

2. BPS Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, “Nusa Tenggara Barat dalam Angka”, 2001 – 2005.

3. PLN Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat, “ Statistik PLN”, 2001 – 2005.

4. BPS Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, “Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat”, 2000 – 2005

5. BPS, “Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional”, Jakarta, 2001 – 2005.

6. BPS, “Survei Usaha Terintegrasi”, Jakarta, 2001 - 2005.

7. BPS, “Statistik Konstruksi”, Jakarta, 2001 – 2005.

8. BPS BPS Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, “Survei Industri Besar dan Menengah”, 2001 – 2005.