Map of GreeceMap of Greece

NotesNotes #3#3

The Expansion of GreeceThe Expansion of Greece

The Persian WarsThe Persian Wars = Greeks vs. = Greeks vs. PersiansPersians

-Greeks in Asia Minor rebel against the -Greeks in Asia Minor rebel against the Persians.Persians.

--DariusDarius (Persian leader) crushed (Persian leader) crushed

Greek revolts in Asia Minor.Greek revolts in Asia Minor.

-Darius conquers Macedon and Thrace.-Darius conquers Macedon and Thrace.

-Persians invade mainland Greece. The -Persians invade mainland Greece. The Athenians (who were Athenians (who were outnumbered) still outnumbered) still defeated the Persians at the defeated the Persians at the

Battle of MarathonBattle of Marathon..

Persian Wars Persian Wars continued…continued…

Darius’ son Darius’ son XerxesXerxes,, again tries to again tries to conquer Greece.conquer Greece.

Xerxes brings a large army to fight Xerxes brings a large army to fight against the Greeks.against the Greeks.

300 Spartans300 Spartans fight an army of the fight an army of the PersiansPersians. They fend off the Persians . They fend off the Persians for days, but eventually are defeated for days, but eventually are defeated at the at the Battle of ThermopylaeBattle of Thermopylae. All . All 300 Spartans died, refusing to 300 Spartans died, refusing to surrender.surrender.

Persian Wars Persian Wars continued…continued… Xerxes’ army marched to Athens and destroyed Xerxes’ army marched to Athens and destroyed

it.it. The The AtheniansAthenians and and SpartansSpartans joined forces to joined forces to

defeat the Persiansdefeat the Persians. . The Greek Navy sunk many Persian ships in the The Greek Navy sunk many Persian ships in the

Aegean Sea. At the Aegean Sea. At the Battle of SalamisBattle of Salamis, the , the Persian Ships were led into the narrow Straits of Persian Ships were led into the narrow Straits of Salamis and were unable to maneuver. The Salamis and were unable to maneuver. The outnumbered Greeks won!outnumbered Greeks won!

Athenians rebuilt their city and entered a time of Athenians rebuilt their city and entered a time of great cultural achievement. great cultural achievement. (Golden Age)(Golden Age) Athens began to create its own Empire by Athens began to create its own Empire by controlling other small city states.controlling other small city states.

The Age of PericlesThe Age of Pericles Athens used “diplomacy” to form the Athens used “diplomacy” to form the Delian LeagueDelian League

an alliance of city-states with Athens as the leader. an alliance of city-states with Athens as the leader. Eventually 140 city-states were contributing money Eventually 140 city-states were contributing money

and ships to the league.and ships to the league. PericlesPericles was a general, orator, and leader of Athens. was a general, orator, and leader of Athens.

GREAT LEADER! GREAT LEADER! DemocracyDemocracy! Athens achieved probably the most ! Athens achieved probably the most

completely democratic gov’t in history. completely democratic gov’t in history. (no women/slaves)(no women/slaves)

Pericles created Pericles created coloniescolonies in the Mediterranean Sea. in the Mediterranean Sea. Kept a strong navy, standardized weights + measures.Kept a strong navy, standardized weights + measures. Pericles used Pericles used Delian LeagueDelian League money for money for AthensAthens. .

Like building the Parthenon. Like building the Parthenon.

The Peloponnesian WarThe Peloponnesian War The Spartans created the The Spartans created the Peloponnesian Peloponnesian

LeagueLeague to counter act the Delian League. to counter act the Delian League. Tension grew between Tension grew between SpartaSparta and and

AthensAthens until war broke out in 431bc. until war broke out in 431bc. Sparta invades. The siege of Athens Sparta invades. The siege of Athens

continued for years. Starve out the continued for years. Starve out the Athenians.Athenians.

A plague broke out in Athens killing many A plague broke out in Athens killing many people including people including PericlesPericles. .

The war lasted for 27 years!The war lasted for 27 years!

The Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War continued…continued…

SpartaSparta, with the help of , with the help of PersiaPersia, , blocked Athens’ food Supply.blocked Athens’ food Supply.

Starving Starving AtheniansAthenians eventually eventually surrendered to Sparta in 404bc.surrendered to Sparta in 404bc.

After the Peloponnesian War, Greece After the Peloponnesian War, Greece was very unstable and wars between was very unstable and wars between the city-states continued.the city-states continued.

THE END! THE END! (for today)(for today)