exploring oil & gas. historical energy use by type of fuel (%)
TRANSCRIPT
Exploring Oil & Gas
Historical Energy Use by Type of Fuel (%)
1850 1900 1950 2000 20100%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Wood
Coal
Oil & Gas
Nuclear
Hydro Other
% of Total Energy
Consumed in U.S.
Data: Energy Information Administration
Where are the fossils in Fossil Fuels?Fossil fuels were forming before dinosaurs lived…
Formation
Hydrocarbons
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Methane
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History of Oil
Edwin Drake and Henry Ford
History of Natural Gas
First U.S. Natural Gas WellIn 1821, William Hart dug the first natural gas well in
Fredonia, NY.
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Where are Oil and Gas found in the U.S.?
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Oil and gas are found on land and under water…
Sedimentary Rock and Petroleum Traps
Exploration
Production Transport Refining
Chemical Manufacturi
ngUses
Oil and Gas Process
Exploration by Geologists
Seismic Technology
Land Water
Seabed Seismic
Visualization
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Core Samples
Exploration and Production by Drilling
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Drilling Process
Place the drill bit, collar, and drill pipe in the hole.
Attach the kelly and turntable and begin drilling.
As drilling progresses, circulate mud through the pipe and out of the bit to float the rock cuttings out of the hole.
Add new sections (joints) of drill pipes as the hole gets deeper.
Remove (trip out) the drill pipe, collar and bit when the preset depth (anywhere from a few hundred to a couple thousand feet) is reached.
Parts of a Well
Horizontal Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing
• Increased technology allows us to retrieve “tight” formations.
• The drilling process is similar, except for a specialized bit that allows for horizontal drilling.
• If oil and gas are trapped, fracturing may be used to allow liquids to flow.
Production
Christmas Tree Horse Head Pump
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Oil Transport
Natural Gas Transport
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Refining of Petroleum
Fractionating Tower
What does a barrel of crude oil provide?
Note: A 42-U.S. gallon barrel of crude oil yields about 45 gallons of petroleum products.
Data: Energy Information Administration
Petroleum Products
Data: Energy Information Administration
Petroleum Productsby Type, 2011
Gasoline
42.02%Diesel / Heating Oil
26.99%Other
14.36% (asphalt, feedstock, paraffin)Jet Fuel
8.80%Refinery Fuel
4.11%Liquefied Petroleum Gas
3.73%
Processing of Natural Gas
A natural gas compressor
Uses of Petroleum and Natural Gas
Data: Energy Information Administration
Residential; 2.48% Commercial; 1.79%
Industrial; 20.39%
Transportation; 74.48%
Electric; 0.85%
Petroleum Consumption by Sector of the Economy, 2011
Residential38%
Com-mercial
10%
Industrial26%
Transporta-tion2%
Electric24%
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector of the Economy, 2011
Summary of Oil and Natural Gas
Advantages
Widely available Simple combustion
process can directly heat or generate electricity
Inexpensive Easily distributed—
good infrastructure in place
High energy content
Disadvantages
Nonrenewable Greenhouse
Gases(CO2) Air pollution
(byproducts released during combustion)
Price instability and costs rising
Reliance upon imports Environmental
impacts
For More Information
The NEED [email protected]
1-800-875-5029
Energy Information AdministrationU.S. Department of Energy
www.eia.gov
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