final biomarker

8/3/2019 Final Biomarker

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BY:PARESH TIWARI


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Introduction

Classification

Application

Future trends

References

Contents


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A biomarker indicates a change in expression or

state of a protein that correlates with the risk or

progression of a disease to a given treatment.

It may be a traceable substance that is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ

function or other aspect of health.

It can also be a substance whose detection indicates aparticular disease state. e.g. The presence of anantibody may indicate an infection.

Introduction


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Based on the discovery and use of biomarkers forclinical purpose, they have been classified as-

Therapeutic biomarkers

Diagnostic biomarkers

Prognostic biomarkers

Classification


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More rapidly observed than clinical outcome

Lesser variability in results than clinical measure

Easier to measure

Less expensive

Sensitive and Accurate

Why Biomarkers???


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THERAPEUTIC

CYCLIN D3

Expressionconfers

resistance to

ERLOTINIB

DIAGNOSTIC

GALECTIN-1

Specific biomarkerin assessing toxicity

of Arsenic Exposure

PROGNOSTIC

CD-10EXPRESSION

Prognostic incolorectal cancer


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Preparation of Biomarkers


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Biomarkers have several applications, but mostlythey are used in three main areas-

Discovery

Clinical

Diagnostics.

Application


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Biomarkers are now proving to be important

molecules whose detection can help predict the

presence of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's diseaseand Parkinson's disease at an early phase.

In the future, they will be a common promisingdiagnostic tool for clinicians for the early detection ofthese diseases.

Early disease identification1


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Currently, researchers use very advanced techniques

such as proteomics to find these proteins (biomarkers)

specific to various disorders, which may offer apotential target for drug treatment.

Biomarkers help researchers understand the diseaseprocess at the protein expression level.

A study of biomarkers would help pharmaceutical

companies in validating drug targets.

Identifying potential drug targets2


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Biomarkers can help physicians by

monitoring the response of medicationadministered to patients suffering fromserious ailments

Judging the efficacy of a particular drug

regimen in terms of cure rate.

Predicting the response of patients tomedications

3


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Biomarkers play a major role in reducing trial

duration by predicting drug efficacy inanimal models and human trials by acting assurrogate primary endpoints.

Help accelerate clinical trials4


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Biomarkers would help physicians prescribe the

right medication to the right patient.

This would help in reducing the side effects

This is because the same disease can progressthrough different pathways in different patients.

Personalized medicine5


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Biomarker Type Source Cancer type Clinical use

Humanchorionicgonadotropin

Glycoprotein Serum Testicular Staging

CA19-9 Carbohydrate Serum Pancreatic Monitoring

Thyroglobulin Protein Serum Thyroid Monitoring

HER-2 Protein Serum Breast Monitoring

BTA Protein Urine Bladder Monitoring

Biomarkers used in cancer


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Biomarkers is currently considered most clinically useful

and reliable: New researches are going on B natriureticpeptide, C-reactive protein and myoglobin.

The role played by heart-type fatty acid binding protein,

ischemia-modified albumin, and homocysteine in theevaluation of patients presenting with suspected acutecoronary syndrome.

Future trends


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Breast cancer is one of the most common and leading

causes of cancer death in women. Recently, HER-2/neu(Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2)in breast cancer has been routinely used to guidetreatment of using Trastuzumab.

The current understanding of specific acuteinflammatory markers and their use to identifystable, vulnerable or ruptured atherosclerotic plaque.


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Nagappa A and Datta V, Biomarkers:Opportunities inDiagnostic and Therapeutics,The Pharma Review,May2011,P no.;157-160

Sergy llyin E.Stanley M and Carlos R,BiomarkerDiscovery And Validation: Technologies And IntegrativeApproaches Trends In Biotechnology, Vol 22, Issue 8,2004,P 411-416

Biomarkers in the Preclinical and Early Phases of RA,http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/750136_3

Biomarker database: environmental assessmenthttp://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=

85844

References


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