formal techniques in software engineering 3de bac informatica

Universiteit Antwerpen

Introduction

1.1Formal Techniques in Software Engineering

Formal Techniques in Software Engineering

3de BAC Informatica

Chapter 1Introduction


Introduction


Contents• Manual Coding vs. Code Generation

• MDA vs. MDE• Terminology• Transformations

– Tool architecture– Properties

• Meta Modeling– 4-layer metamodeling architecture

Based on "MDA Explained — The Model Driven Architecture: Practice and Promise" (Anneke Kleppe, Jos Warmer and Wim Bast)


Introduction


Manual Codingrequirements

analysis

design

coding

testing

deployment

• Platform– Multiple targets– Rapidly evolving

• Portability ?• Interoperability

?

• Manual steps– shortcuts

• Traceability ?


Introduction


Code Generationrequirements

analysis

design

coding

testing

deployment

• Automatic– parameters– currently

semi-automatic In theory …• Traceability• Portability• Interoperabi

lity


Introduction


Target Software Systems• Enterprise Information System

– reusable components• customer database, order-processing, bookkeeping, …

• parametrisation !– large scale

• interoperability

• Web-based systems– rapidly evolving targets

• portability

• …


Introduction


MDA vs. MDEMDA

• = Model Driven Architecture

• Industrial Standard– Object Management Group– OMG = tool vendor

organization !

• UML at the core– standardization– PIM

• Platform independent model

– PSM• Platform specific model

MDE• = Model Driven Engineering• Community of model-centric

development• Model can be any formalism

– classes, entity-relationship

– petri-nets, state machines– ...

• Also verification

• Transformation can be anything– Rewrite rules

• Graph rewriting


Introduction


Model• "Model" is overloaded

– example for artist– person posing for artist

– person showing clothes (catwalk)

– replica of item on smaller scale (miniature)

– drawing of an item(design of a house, ...)

– mathematical formulas for prediction/estimation

– …

• All models share properties– an abstraction of a subject that exists in reality

– model ≠ the subject it models• leave out details, scale, ...

– model can be used to produce something in reality• especially in engineering disciplines


Introduction


Software Model• In software engineering

– model = abstraction of (software) system– description of system in language with well-defined syntax and well-defined semantics• Well-defined ? Suitable for automated interpretation

model

system

lang-

uage

is written

in describes


Introduction


Transformation• Transformation

= automatic generation of target model from a source model, accoding to a transformation definition

• Transformation Definition= a set of transformation rules that describe how to translate a model in a source language into a model in the target language• Requires control over which rules to apply

• Transformation Rule= a description of how to map one or more constructs in the source language into one or more constructs in the target language

PIM PSM Code


Introduction


Tool Architecture

repository

modelstransformationdefinitions

modeleditor

modelvalidator

codeparser

codegenerator

codeeditor

transformationdefinitioneditor

modeltransformer

code files


Introduction


Transformations — Properties• Control

– conditions, looping– parameters– prompting the user

• Traceability– generate links

• source to target• target to source

– ripple changes over traceability links

• Incremental Consistency– small change=> small regeneration

• Bidirectionality– forward and reverse generation• code reverse engineering


Introduction


Meta Modeling

model

system

lang-

uage

is written

indescribes

• model written in language with well-defined syntax and semantics– suitable for automated interpretation ?

=> model transformation !

is defined

by

metamodel

metalang-

uageis

written in


Introduction


The 4-layer metamodel architecture

Layer Description Example

m3: meta-metamodel

The infrastructure for a metamodeling architecture. Defines the language for specifying metamodels

MetaClass, MetaAttribute, MetaOperation

M2: meta model

An instance of a meta-metamodel.Defines the language for specifying a model.

UMLClass, UMLAttribute, UMLOperation

M1: model An instance of a metamodel.Defines a language to describe an information domain.

Customer, Order

M0: user objects

An instance of a model.Defines a specific information domain

<Customer> "Joe Nobody",<Order> "200604"


Introduction


The MDA Framework

PIM PSM

lang-

uage

is written

inmodel

transformer

lang-

uage

is written

in

transformation

definition

is defined by

meta language

is written

in

transformation definition language

is written

in

is written

in

extends

formal techniques in software engineering 3de bac informatica

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