Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels

•Coal•Petroleum

•Oil•Natural Gas QuickTime™ and a

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CoalCoal

Primarily used for heat (25%) and electricity generation (75%)

40% of world’s electricity(25% of NW electricity)

Reserves estimated to by 1015 kg (Over 100,000 x 1015 BTU)(300 yrs at current rate)

Fastest growing energy source in the world

Coal FormationCoal Formation

• Terrestrial plant remains

• Solar energy trapped by photosynthesis

PeatPeat

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CoalCoal

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Lignite

BituminousCoal

Anthracite

PeatQuickTime™ and a

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Increasing Temperature and

Pressure

Increase Carbon Content:CleanerBurning

Coal DepositsCoal

Deposits

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Coal Extraction

Coal Extraction

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Strip Mine

Underground

PetroleumGaseous & Liquid Fossil Fuels

PetroleumGaseous & Liquid Fossil Fuels

Hydrocarbons:1. C-H bonds

contain a lot of energy

2. Versatile3. Relatively

easy to extract (as crude oil)

4. Refined

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Heavy

Light

UsesUsesInk ﾊ Dishwashing liquids ﾊ Paint brushes ﾊ Telephones ﾊ Toys ﾊ Unbreakable dishes ﾊInsecticides ﾊ Antiseptics ﾊ Dolls ﾊ Car sound insulation ﾊ Fishing lures ﾊ Deodorant ﾊ TiresﾊMotorcycle helmets ﾊ Linoleum ﾊ Sweaters ﾊ Tents ﾊ Refrigerator linings ﾊ Paint rollers ﾊFloor wax ﾊ Shoes ﾊ Electrician's tape ﾊ Plastic wood ﾊModel Car Glue ﾊ Roller-skate wheelsﾊ Trash bags ﾊ Soap dishes ﾊ Skis ﾊ Permanent press clothes ﾊ Hand lotion ﾊ Clotheslineﾊ Dyes ﾊ Soft contact lenses ﾊ Shampoo ﾊ Panty hose ﾊ Cameras ﾊ Food preservatives ﾊFishing rods ﾊ Oil filters ﾊ Combs ﾊ Transparent tape ﾊ Anesthetics ﾊ Upholstery ﾊ Dice ﾊDisposable diapers ﾊ TV cabinets ﾊ Cassettes ﾊMops ﾊ Sports car bodies ﾊ Salad bowls ﾊHouse paint ﾊ Purses ﾊ Electric blankets ﾊ Awnings ﾊ Ammonia ﾊ Dresses ﾊ Car battery cases ﾊ Safety glass ﾊ Hair curlers ﾊ Pajamas ﾊ Synthetic rubber ﾊ VCR tapes ﾊ Eyeglassesﾊ Pillows ﾊ Vitamin capsules ﾊMovie film ﾊ Ice chests ﾊ Candles ﾊ Rubbing alcohol ﾊLoudspeakers ﾊ Ice buckets ﾊ Boats ﾊ Ice cube trays ﾊ Credit cards ﾊ Fertilizers ﾊ Crayons ﾊInsect repellent ﾊWater pipes ﾊ Toilet seats ﾊ Caulking ﾊ Roofing shingles ﾊ Fishing boots ﾊLife jackets ﾊ Balloons ﾊ Shower curtains ﾊ Garden hose ﾊ Golf balls ﾊ Curtains ﾊ Plywood adhesive ﾊ Umbrellas ﾊ Detergents ﾊMilk jugs ﾊ Beach umbrellas ﾊ Rubber cement ﾊ Sun glasses ﾊ Putty ﾊ Faucet washers ﾊ Cold cream ﾊ Bandages ﾊ Tool racks ﾊ Antihistamines ﾊHair coloring ﾊ Nail polish ﾊ Slacks ﾊ Drinking cups ﾊ Guitar strings ﾊ False teeth ﾊ Yarn ﾊPetroleum jelly ﾊ Toothpaste ﾊ Golf bags ﾊ Roofing ﾊ Tennis rackets ﾊ Toothbrushes ﾊPerfume ﾊ Luggage ﾊWire insulation ﾊ Folding doors ﾊ Shoe polish ﾊ Fan belts ﾊ Ballpoint pens ﾊ Shower doors ﾊ Cortisone ﾊ Carpeting ﾊ Artificial turf ﾊ Heart valves ﾊ LP records ﾊLipstick ﾊ Artificial limbs ﾊ Hearing aids ﾊ Vaporizers ﾊ Aspirin ﾊ Shaving cream ﾊWading pools ﾊ Parachutes ﾊ Asphalt…and fuel (gas, propane, etc.)

Edwin Drake:Titusville, PA (1859)

Edwin Drake:Titusville, PA (1859)

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“Rock Oil” replaced…“Rock Oil” replaced…

…Whale Oil.

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Currier & Ives

Oil FormationOil Formation

1. Source Rock

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Foram

Oil FormationOil Formation

1. Source Rock

0°C

100°C

Organics(Forams, etc.)

Kerogen

Tar, Paraffin, Wax

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Smaller,simplercompounds

Oil FormationOil Formation

2. Reservoir Rock

1. Source Rock

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Oil FormationOil Formation

2. Reservoir Rock

3. Cap Rock

1. Source Rock

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Oil Traps

Oil FormationOil Formation

2. Reservoir Rock

No Cap Rock

1. Source Rock

Tar Pits

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Most oil eventually escapes:Mostly in “younger” rocks

Oil FormationOil Formation

2. Reservoir Rock

3. Cap Rock

1. Source Rock

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Oil FieldOil Field

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Los Angeles

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L.A. OilL.A. Oil

Oil ConsumptionOil Consumption

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Petroleum DepositsPetroleum Deposits

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Oil ImportsOil Imports

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Peak Oil &Hubbert’s PeakPeak Oil &

Hubbert’s Peak

World DiscoveriesWorld Discoveries

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Difference Between New Oil Discoveries and ConsumptionDifference Between New Oil Discoveries and Consumption

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World Peak OilWorld Peak Oil

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Oil Reserves/Resources Oil Reserves/Resources

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Is there more Oil?Is there more Oil?

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