full presentation solar

8/3/2019 Full Presentation Solar

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SOLAR



WHAT is it?



‡ Solar is the energy that comes from the sun that supports life on earth.

‡ Solar radiation brings heat and light to the earth.



‡ Solar energy is energy from the sun that is converted into

thermal or electrical energy.

‡ It’s a form of radiant heat and light from the sun. When

it hits the earth’s atmosphere it is giving off over 174

Petta Watts, which is equivalent to 174 quadrillion watts.



GENERAL FACTS

œ Solar Energy is better for the environment than traditional

forms of energy.

œ Solar energy has many uses such as electricity production and

heating of water through photovoltaic cells and directly for dryingclothes.

œ Solar energy can also be used to heat swimming pools, power

cars, for attic fans, calculators and other small appliances. It

produces lighting for indoors or outdoors.

œ You can even cook food with solar energy.

œ Solar Energy is becoming more and more popular. The worldwide

demand for Solar Energy is currently greater than supply.



FACTS ABOUT SOLAR

ENERGY USAGE:œSolar Energy is measured in kilowatt-hour. 1 kilowatt = 1000

watts.

œ1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = the amount of electricity required to

burn a 100 watt light bulb for 10 hours.

œ According to the US Department of Energy, an average

American household used approximately 866-kilowatt hours per

month in 1999 costing them $70.68.

œ About 30% of our total energy consumption is used to heat

water.



FACTS ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY

SYSTEMS:œ A home solar system is typically made up of solar panels, aninverter, a battery, a charge controller, wiring and support structure.

œ A 1-kilowatt home solar system takes about 1-2 days to install and costs around US$10,000, but can vary greatly and does not take into account any incentives offered by the government.

œ A 1-kilowatt home solar system consists of about 10-12 solar panels and requires about 100 square feet of installation area.

œ A 1 kilowatt home solar system will generate approximately 1,600 kilowatt hours per year in a sunny climate (receiving 5.5hours of sunshine per day) and approximately 750 kilowatt hours

per year in a cloudy climate (receiving 2.5 hours of sunshine per day).



CONTINUED

œ A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170 lbs.

of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being released intothe atmosphere and 105 gallons of water from being consumed eachmonth!

œ About 40 solar cells are usually combined into a solar panel and around 10-12 panels mounted in an array facing due North to receive

maximum sunlight.

œThe system usually comes with a 5-year warranty, although thesolar panels are warranted for 20.

œRelying on the battery back up, a solar energy system can provide

electricity 24x7, even on cloudy days and at night.

œSolar panels come in various colors.

œSolar energy can be collected and stored in batteries, reflected,insulated, absorbed and transmitted.



SUN RELATED FACTS ABOUT

SOLAR ENERGY:‡Sunlight travels to the earth in approximately 8 minutes from

93,000,000 miles away, at 186,282 miles per second.

‡The sun is also the main source of non-renewable fossil fuels

(coal, gas and petroleum), which began life as plants or animals

whose energy came from the sun millions of year ago.

‡Solar energy is responsible for weather patterns and ocean

currents.

‡Clouds, pollution and wind can prevent the sun's rays from

reaching the earth.



TYPES OF SOLAR2 main types of solar:

* Photovoltaic Systems

Solar Electricity

* Solar Thermal

Solar Water Heating



Photovoltaic

The direct conversion of sunlight to electricity

Thermal

The use of heat to generate electricity



‡Photoelectric applications use photovoltaic cells in

converting energy from the sun into electricity.

‡Photovoltaic cells are considered low maintenance and well suited to remote applications.

‡They use semiconductors like silicon to convert energy

from the sun into electricity.



‡Solar thermal applications use the sun's energy to provide

direct heat to air or liquid.

‡Solar thermal panels can be used for both residential and larger-scale applications.



A photovoltaic Solar Power Plant contains:

‡Solar Arrays

‡Inverter ‡Transformer



A Thermal Solar Power Plant contains:

‡Collector Field

‡Turbine‡Generator

‡Cooling Tower

‡Transformer



PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

The sun illuminates the solar cells in the PV array, which convert the energy in the sunlight into electricity. The electricity goes into

an inverter and into the power lines to your home.

SUN

PV ARRAYINVERTER

POWER LINES HOME



PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS

Glendale Airport,

Single Axis and

High Concentration

Photovoltaic




Prescott Airport, Single

Axis, Tilted Tracker Single

Axis and HighConcentration Photovoltaic




Scottsdale Covered

Parking, Fixed

Photovoltaic panels



HOW A SOLAR THERMAL

POWER PLANT WORKS ₰ Parabolic (trough) mirrors can focus the sun at 30 to 60 times

its normal intensity on a receiver pipe located along the focal

line of the trough.

₰ Synthetic oil captures this heat as it circulates through the pipe,reaching temperatures as high as 750ºF. The hot oil is pumped

through a heat exchanger on the power production side of the

plant to produce steam.

₰ Electricity is produced in a conventional steam turbine/generator

₰ The power cycle is completed with the condensing of the steam

through a cooling tower and then pumping it back through the

heat exchanger connected to the solar energy collection field.



SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Power tower in Barstow, California.



SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

350 MW Parabolic Trough Power Plant,

California



The main benefits of solar energy are:

Solar energy systems do not produce air pollutants or

carbon-dioxide

When located on buildings, they have minimal impact on

the environment

BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY



Two limitations of solar energy are:

The amount of sunlight that arrives at the Earth's surface

is not constant. It varies depending on location, time of

day, time of year, and weather conditions.

Because the sun doesn't deliver that much energy to any

one place at any one time, a large surface area is

required to collect the energy at a useful rate.

LIMITATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY



HOW MUCH SOLAR ENERGY?

The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that

reaches the earth. Only this amount is usable.



SOLAR

HOW IT IS USED

Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into electricity

with the use of solar panels to supply power to the appliances

use in our homes.

Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into heat with

the use of solar thermal collectors for warming water, i.e. for the

swimming pool.

Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into hot air for heating buildings with the use of solar thermal collectors.



Energy from the sun is converted into solar power using solarك

collectors, most commonly known as solar panels.

Solar panels consist of solar cells designed to capture energyك

from the sun.

Solar Panels are devices that converts solar energy to thermalك

or electrical energy.

كThe solar panels used in heating air and liquid are different from those used to provide electricity.

To absorb the highest possible amount of solar energy, solarك

panels must be pointed at the sun.

SOLAR PANELS

WHAT ARE THEY?



HOW DO SOLAR PANELS WORK?

Rays of sunlight hit the solar panel (also know as aك photovoltaic/ PV) and are absorbed by semi-conductingmaterials such as silicone.

كElectrons are knocked loose from their atoms, which allow themto flow through the material to produce electricity. This process

whereby light (photo) is converted into electricity (voltage) iscalled the photovoltaic (PV) effect.

An array of solar panels converts solar energy into DC (directك

current) electricity.

. The DC electricity then enters an inverterك



CONTINUED

The inverter turns DC electricity into 120-volt AC (alternatingك

current) electricity needed by home appliances.

. The AC power enters the utility panel in the houseك

The electricity (load) is then distributed to appliances or lights inك

the house.

When more solar energy is generated that what you're using - itك

can be stored in a battery as DC electricity. The battery will continue to supply your home with electricity in the event of a

power blackout or at nighttime.



CONTINUED

When the battery is full the excess electricity can be exported backك

into the utility grid, if your system is connected to it.

Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form the grid when notك

enough solar energy is produced and no excess energy is stored inthe battery, i.e. at night or on cloudy days.

The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid is measured by aك

utility meter, which spins backwards (when you are producing more

energy that you need) and forward (when you require additional

electricity from the utility company). The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for the additional energy you use from the utility

company. Any surplus energy is sold back to the utility company. This

system is referred to as "net-metering".



ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR

≈ As the sun provides limitless light radiation, the source of solar energy is fully renewable

≈Once solar panels are set up, there are no electrical costs associated with powering them

≈Solar panels require very little maintenance because they lack moving parts

≈The recovery/ payback period for this investment can be very short depending on how much electricity your household uses.



DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR

≈ Capital Costs associated with the setup of solar panels

generally very high, although declining with technological

improvement

≈ Solar power can only be utilized in a realistic manner where

abundant sunshine is present

≈ Although the production of energy itself does not use fossil

fuels, oftentimes fossil fuels are used to produce the

materials in solar panels. However, new technologies are

emerging that decrease or even eliminate the use of fossil

fuels in solar panels.

≈ Large scale farms can disturb the ecosystems of local animals



HOW WAS

SOLAR USEDIN THE PAST?



§ People have been trying to harness the power of the sun for

centuries.

§ In 1877, air blowing over sunheated iron was used to heat

homes.

§ In 1910, The first patent involving a solar collector wasawarded.

§ The 1930’s saw the first widespread use of solar power for

heating.



A WORLD WITHOUT

SOLAR ENERGY?



§ Solar Energy is the light that the sun produces, the world would

survey not be the same without it.

§ This energy is required to grow all forms of plants, without

plants not only will carbon dioxide increase and oxygen decrease,animals like sheep and cattle will die due to starvation.

§ Not only will our food sources and oxygen rapidly decrease, all

light on Earth will vanish. Leaving us to live in a world of

darkness.



WHERE SOLAR IS FOUND

≈ Solar Energy Is Everywhere the Sun Shines

≈ Solar energy is by far the Earth's most available energy source.

≈ Solar power is capable of providing many times the total

current energy demand.

≈ But it is an intermittent energy source, meaning that it is not

available at all times.

≈ However, it can be supplemented by thermal energy storage or

another energy source, such as natural gas or hydropower.



CALIFORNIA HAS THE WORLD’SBIGGEST SOLAR POWER PLANT

§ Nine solar power plants, in three locations, in California's

Mojave Desert comprise the Solar Energy Generating Systems

(SEGS). SEGS VIII and IX (each 80 megawatts), located in Harper

Lake, are, individually and collectively, the largest solar power

generating plants in the world. SEGS plants are concentratingsolar thermal plants.

§ Concentrating solar power technologies use mirrors to reflect

and concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect the solar

energy and convert it to heat. This thermal energy can then be

used to produce electricity via a steam turbine or heat engine

driving a generator.



EUROPE HAS SOME LARGEPHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS

§ Another solar generating technology uses photovoltaic cells

(PV) to convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV cells are made

of semiconductors, such as crystalline silicon or various thin-film

materials. Photovoltaic can provide tiny amounts of power for

watches, large amounts for the electric grid, and everything inbetween.

§ Recently multi-megawatt photovoltaic plants have also been

built. The Moura photovoltaic power station in Portugal and the

Waldpolenz Solar Park in Germany, both completed in 2008,

represent the trend toward larger photovoltaic power stations.



FINAL THOUGHT

Argument that sun provides power only during the day iscountered by the fact that 70% of energy demand is duringdaytime hours. At night, traditional methods can be used togenerate the electricity.

Goal is to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels.

Currently, 75% of our electrical power is generated by coal-burning and nuclear power plants.

Mitigates the effects of acid rain, carbon dioxide, and other

impacts of burning coal and counters risks associated withnuclear energy.

Pollution free, indefinitely sustainable.



THE END

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