fundamental data of lccp calculation in china and a case...

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Fundamental Data of LCCP Calculation in China and a Case Study

Baolong WangTsinghua University

2015.8.22

2Tsinghua University

Contents

Background LCCP definition and fundamental data Fundamental data difference A case study


GWP（global warming potential） Relative to CO2 Easy to evaluate Just direct emission

TEWI（total equivalent warming impact） Direct emission + Indirect emission Just indirect emission during use Complicated to calculate

LCCP（life cycle climate performance） Direct emission + Indirect emission From cradle to grave More complicated to calculate

Background: from GWP to LCCP


LCCP Definition*

*IIR，LCCP WP, Booklet-LCCP Guideline-V6


Fundamental Data for LCCP Calculation

Yunho Hwang, on Life Cycle Climate Performance Evaluation, Report


Data SourcesArticles

Journals, Theses Books, Reports

Standards Refrigeration, air conditioner, VRF, etc

Year books China Electric Power Yearbook China Energy Statistics Yearbook China Statistical Yearbook

Organizations Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR) Chinese Refrigeration and Air conditioning industry Association (CRAA) China Household Electrical Appliance Research Institute (CHEARI) China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS)


Fundamental data difference

Section No. Details Reference

1.1 Applications

1.2 System Types

1.3 System Lifetime

RAC:

Default value: 15 years

China: 10Years

•Xia Wang. Life Cycle Assessment for Carbon Emission of Residential Building[D]. Tianjin University, 2012

1.4 Refrigerants

1.5 GWP (100 Yrs.H)

1.6 Charge




2.1 Location (City, Country)Cities listed in weather

database

2.2 Climate DataWeather Data: weather

database

•Chinese typical meteorological year (CNTMY)•Chinese standard weather data (CSWD)•Designer's Simulation Toolkit (DeST)

2.3 Utility Emission

Rate

Default value:

0.594~0.788

China: 0.8592~1.1109

•2010 Baseline Emission Factors for Regional Power Grids in China •China Electric Power Yearbook 2012

2.4 Load Profile •Designer's Simulation Toolkit (DeST)




3.1 Regular Emissions 4%

3.2 Irregular Emissions 0%

3.3 Service EmissionDefault value: 0%

China: 15%

3.4 End-of-Life EmissionDefault value: 15%

China: 100%

3.5 Leakage during

Production & Transport0%

3.6 Decomposition 0%




4.1 Energy Consumption of

the System

4.2 Energy to Make

Components/System

•Zhaojian Li. Study on the Life Cycle Consumption of Energy and Resouce of Air Conditoning in Urban Residential Building in China[D]. Tsinghua University, 2007

4.3 Energy to Produce &

Transport Refrigerant•China Statistical Yearbook 2008

4.4 Energy to Produce &

Transport

Components/System


4.5 Energy for End-of-Life,

Recycling/Recovery of

System and Refrigerant



Summary of main differences

Fundamental data Default value in ORNL LCCP Chinese

System Lifetime 15 10

Utility Emission Rate 0.594~0.788 0.8592~1.1109

Service Emission 0% 15%

End-of-Life Emission 15% 100%

12

A case study : inverter room air conditioner used in

a bed room at Beijing, China


Type Split air conditioner Weight (kg) 38.48/38.48/45.48

Cooling Capacity (W) 2600 Copper 7.96/7.96/8.84

Brass 0.56Refrigerant R410A/R32/R290Steel 16.42/16.42/22.25

Refrigerant Charge (kg) 0.8/0.57/0.49Plastics 8.03/8.03/8.08

System lifetime (yr) 10 Rubber 0.63Utility Emission Rate (kg CO2e) 0.9914 Wrought

Aluminum 3.6Service emission 15%

Aluminum Castings 0.48/0.48/0.72

Service interval (yr) 5Aluminum Forgings 0.8End-of-Life emission 100%

Fundamental data for calculation


Method to calculate Direct Emission

ORNL-LCCP

Input Output


Method to calculate electricity consumption

DeST + Simulation model

Weather Building

Load

AC

Electricity Consumption Capacity

COP

16

Results and Discussion


City Name Beijing, ChinaRoom Bedroom, 20 m2

Refrigerant R410ATotal Emissions 7567Total Direct Emissions 2834

Annual Leakage 666.76EOL 1666.9Service 500.07

Total Indirect Emissions 4733Energy Consumption 4604Materials 115.59Recycling 5.1Charge 8.19

Total Direct Emissions

37%

Total Indirect Emissions

63%

Annual Leakage

23%

EOL59%

Service18%

Energy Consumption

98%

Materials 2%

LCCP—R410A



Refrigerant R32Total Emissions 4976Total Direct Emissions 651




13%


87%

Annual Leakage

23%

EOL59%

Service18%

Energy Consumption

97%

Materials 3%

LCCP—R32



Refrigerant R290Total Emissions 4328Total Direct Emissions 2.75




0%


100%

Annual Leakage

24%

EOL59%

Service17%

Energy Consumption

97%

Materials 3%

LCCP—R290


Remark 1

Much larger ratio of the direct emission in the total emission

* GWP value from UNEP TEAP-RTOC 2014 report▵Sample Values from Booklet –LCCP Guideline


Remark 2

Much low energy consumption due to “Part time, Part space” operation habit About 10~20 kWh/m2 in this analysis

* Wenxing Shi, 2014, Survey on the Chinese VRF Market

No. Investigator Location Year Samples (families) Annual energy consumption of AC (kWh/m2)

1 Pingfang Hu Wuhan 1998 12 3.82 Jun Ren Guangzhou 1999 - 5.23 Weiding Long Shanghai 2001 780 4.34 Qian Wu Hangzhou 2003 283 6.35 Shuqin Chen Shaoyang 2005 60 2.36 Bingqi Ma Xi'an 2005 140 4.17 Xiaoping Yu Chongqing 2006 701 7.88 Zhaojian Li Beijing 2007 446 3.19 Zhe Li Suzhou 2011 4 2.310 Zhaojian Li Fuzhou 2012 107 6.3


Remark 3

Poor maintenance and EOL recoveryFundamental data Default value in ORNL LCCP Chinese

Service Emission 0% 15%

End-of-Life Emission 15% 100%


Discussion

What conclusion can we get according to this?

For low energy consumption, they need lower GWP refrigerant, such as CO2 ? R32 is not suitable for these areas?


My understandings

Both the relative value and absolute value should be considered

For different people (manufacture, user, policy maker, etc), use different index For manufacture, use the relative valve to guide the

optimal direction of the product Should the trend of energy consumption be

considered before making a judgement?Do we need to set a bar? Below that, the

total emission is not crucial.


Thanks! Questions?

fundamental data of lccp calculation in china and a case...

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