Member Briefing - JAPAN

JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association

October 28, 2013 Osami Kataoka

1

CONTENTS

2

■ Domestic Shipments

■ Top 5 Priority Issues

■ The Revision of Fluorocarbons Recovery and Destruction Law

■ IPCC 5th Assessment Report

■ Review of R32 Refrigerant

■ Candidates for the Next Generation Refrigerants

■ Research for risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants

■ Kobe Symposium 2014

Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments

Residential Air Conditioners

3

Residential heat-pump storage water heaters

Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments

4

Commercial Air Conditioners

Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments

5

Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments

Commercial Refrigerators/Air Conditioners

6

Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments

Centrifugal Chillers

7

Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments

Absorption Chillers

8

Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments

Gas-engine driven Heat-pump Air Conditioners

9

Top 5 Priority Issues １ Choice of the next generation refrigerants alternative to HFCs Handling of mildly flammable refrigerants Concern about acceptance of HC refrigerants in developing countries Top concern about resulting in different refrigerants country by country, as the industry ２ Revision of the EU F-gas Regulation Will it be the technologically possible and realistic regulation ? ３ Proposal of HFCs phase-down made by North America in MOP Is it possible to get the consent of China and India ? Are there scientific grounds ? ４ Rapidly increasing refrigeration and air conditioning market Is it possible to solve electricity supply issue ? ５ Contents of the Revision of Fluorocarbons Recovery and Destruction Law

The revision of Fluorocarbons Recovery & Destruction Law （The rational use and appropriate management of Fluorocarbons）

Come into force on 1st April 2015

Overview of the Law 1 Set the specified product category and require regular leakage check of

those equipment. 2 Set the target year to switch to Low GWP refrigerants in the specified

product category and make switching mandatory. (Set the quantitative target of CO2-eq by index of environmental impact

including safety, energy and economical efficiency) 3 Promote the reuse of recovered refrigerants. （introduce the registration program for reclamation firm to ensure the

quality of reclaimed refrigerants)

Detailed rules are under consideration and will be determined by next summer.

11

４ Introduce qualification program for technicians carrying out the regular leakage check.

・Nobody other than qualified technicians may carry out the regular check laid down in the law.

・keep a record of the regular check.

５ Control repeated refrigerant charge ・ Equipment from which refrigerant leakage has been detected shall be

repaired immediately. ・ Repeated charge to the equipment shall be controlled.

６ Require a report of the leakage amount ・ Undertakings who have refrigerant leakage more than a certain level

shall report to a government. Undertakings having high leakage amount may be made public. (Recharged refrigerant amount is considered as leakage.)

12

13

100%

20

60

40

80

2010 2025 2020 2015

Draft Phase-down Target of HFCs Consumption

IPCC 5th Assessment Report • The details of the IPCC 5th report of WG I was disclosed on

30 September 2013. • Chapter 8 of it discusses artificial gases like HFC and

employs “The Global Temperature change Potential (GTP)” as a new index of climate impact of them.

• GWP is relative value of ability to absorb infrared. GTP is relative value of potential to increase average global temperature.

• As global temperature response is not linear to infrared absorption, GTP values differ significantly from GWP values especially short life substances.

14

• GWP is relative value of ability to absorb infrared.

• GTP is relative value of potential to increase average global temp. of certain years later.

• Average Global temp. rise requires

increment in deep sea temp. • Effect of short life substance will

disappear 50 or 100 years later.

GWP and GTP

Warming Impact

Temperature rise

Adverse Effect

Difference of GWP and GTP

Layer of Climate Change issue

Precise

Less Precise

Cause

Result

GWP

GTP

15

GWP and GTP Values of AR5 Lifetime (Years) GWP100 GTP100 Note

CO2 Complicated 1 1

R23 222 12400 12700

R32 5.2 677 94

R134a 13.4 1300 201

R125 28.2 3170 967

R143a 47.1 4800 2500

R1234yf 10.5 days 0 0

R1234ze 16.4 days 1 0

HCFC22 11.9 1760 262

CFC12 100 10200 8450

PFC14 50000 6630 8040

SF6 3200 23500 28200 16

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

410A

410A H

CO2

R290 (sec)

32

32/1234

1234yf

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

410A

410A H

CO2

R290 (sec)

32

32/1234

1234yf

GTP Base LCTP ?

GWP Base LCCP

Estimated LCTP and LCCP • LCCP has been used to evaluate direct and indirect

impacts, but it is evaluation of infrared absorption. • Temperature impact base evaluation is compared with

conventional LCCP here. Name of such evaluation is not known yet.

Leak

End of life release

Power consumption

17

• Characteristics of R32 is remarkably superior and its efficiency is very high. • Supplying capacity and cost efficiency are also superior. • Though GWP of R32 is 675, one-third of R410’s, it is still high compared to R1234yf, R1234yf-MIX and other natural refrigerants. • There is a risk of moderate flammability. • Temperature of discharge gas is high. • Risk assessment of moderate flammability is in progress.

Review of R32

18

1810 2027

675

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

100 97 70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1810 1960

472 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

GWP (4th IPCC report) Charge amount %

R32 is possible to achieve 75% reduction of global warming impact at maximum.

CO2-Kg/Kg Kg/unit ratio CO2-Kg/unit ratio

Refrigerant Refrigeration Effect (kJ/kg)

Required amount %

R22 141.7 96%

R410A 136.7 100%

R32 219.8 62%

Comprehensive Global Warming Impact

Comparison of Global Warming Impact among R22, R410A and R32

19

Launch of Residential AC with R32

2.2-2.5 kW

Indoor Unit Outdoor Unit

2.8-7.1kW

20

About 800 thousand units using R32 as refrigerant have been sold in domestic market. Daikin, Panasonic, Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Fujitsu General come to market with R32 air-conditioners.

21

High temp.

Mid. Temp.

Low temp.

Residential A/C R410A ▼ R32/etc

Automobile A/C R134a ▼ R1234yf

PAC (shops) R410A,R407C ▼

Multi A/C Bldg. R410A,R407C ▼ ―

Screw, Chiller R410A、R134a ▼ R1234ze/etc

Centrifugal R134a、R123 ▼ R1234ze/etc

R410A ▼ CO2

Home refrigerator R134a ▼ HC

R404A ▼ R410A，CO2/etc

Refrigerated warehouse R22 ▼ NH3、NH3/CO2

Ultra-low temp. equipment R22/R23 ▼ ―(Air)/etc

100KW 1KW 10KW 1000KW Capacity

Residential HP water heater

Commercial refrigerated cabinet

Candidates for the next generation refrigerants by applications

▼ CO2 /etc

Commercial HP water heater

0℃

(refrigerant management）

R32/etc

21

SANDEN CO2 vending machines

TOYO Engineering Works CO2/NH3 Secondary Refrigerant Circulation

System

Example of Alternative Refrigerant Technology

MAYEKAWA Air Refrigeration System ultra-low temperature (-50℃-100℃)

Panasonic CO2 Refrigeration Showcase

Issues of Natural Refrigerant ・Safety (Flammability ,Toxic) ・Performance (Low energy efficiency) ・Economy (production cost) ・Some products are already on the market, But they are not yet popular because of many challenges ・There is no suitable natural refrigerant in Air-conditioner use

22

Industry Research - Japan Research committee for risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants • Objective: Risk and Performance Assessment • Scope: A2L Refrigerants • Timeframe: 2011 to 2014 • Research being conducted by: Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air

Conditioning Engineers (JSRAE). • Funded by: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development

Organization/Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (NEDO/METI) • Results Public: 2012 progress report is available on

www.jsrae.or.jp/info/2012progress_report_e.pdf. • Related reports will be presented in Kobe Symposium 2014.

A new NEDO project concerning the performance and safety of new refrigerants began in 2011. The JRAIA has been begun the risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants from three years ago. A research committee started under the JSRAE to exchange information.

KOBE Symposium 2014

November 20 -21, 2014

• Venue: International Conference Center Kobe • Organizer: JRAIA • Supported: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Kobe City

25

THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on NEW REFRIGERANTS and ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014

KOBE Symposium 2014

Technical Sessions ・ Environment Issue ・ New Refrigerants and Their System ・ Safety Analyses of 2L refrigerants ・ Compressors and Lubricants ・ Energy Conservation ・ Energy Management System (EMS) ・ Desiccant Air- conditioning System 26

THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on NEW REFRIGERANTS and ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014

Thank you for your attention!

27