GEIA Conference – Nov. 18th 2015 – Beijing- China

Analyzing the spatial and temporal variability of the composition of

anthropogenic VOC urban emissions from observations :

a basis for the CMIP historical emission inventory

A. Borbon 1*, Th. Salameh1, C. Afif2, S. Sauvage3, N. Locoge3, A. Waked3 , A. Baudic 4, V. Gros 4, F. Oztürk5,, M. Keles 5, P. Dominutti6,

T. Nogueira6, A. Fornaro6

1 LISA, IPSL, CNRS, UMR 7583, University of Paris Est Créteil (UPEC) and Paris Diderot (UPD), Créteil, France, *now at LaMP, OPGC, CNRS UMR 6016, Univ. Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand,

2 Unité Environnement, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Études Mathématiques, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon, 3 Mines Douai, SAGE, Douai, France, 4 LSCE, IPSL, CNRS, CEA,

UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 5 AIBU, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering Department, Bolu, Turkey, 6 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of

São Paulo (IAG/USP), São Paulo, Brazil

spatial variability • Consistency of urban emission composition by a factor of 2

(dominance of gasoline powered vehicles) except for alkanes and oxygenated VOCs (> factor of 10).

• Pretty good consistency of road transport emission profiles regardless of theregion but OH-reactivity metric reveals significant differences for ozone andSOA precursors

temporal variability • low or high seasonality

• interannual variability : no significant change in emission speciation for trafic-related VOCs over the last decade. Emission controls would not affect speciation in time, at least for road transport.

from Aït-Helal, PhD, 2014. Suburban Paris (MEGAPOLI)

Methods

NMHC : alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, OVOCIVOC (up to C18)

@ urban receptor sites- long-term and short-term

-

in-situ observations

near source measurements (in situ, lab)

recently collected up-coming from literature (Wang et al., 2014 ; Simpson et al.,

2014)

VOCs

InstrumentationOn-line and off-line : GC-FID, GC-MS, PTRMS, HPLC, canisters, sorbent tubes

Methods = combined diagnostic tools• Source emission profiles derived from near source measurements (real

conditions)(Salameh et al., 2014)• Urban enchancement emission ratios vs CO and acetylene (Warneke et al., 2007 ; Borbon et al., 2013)

Spatial variability : urban emission ratios

ER vs. CO : Beirut vs. Paris vs. LA vs Beijing

Consistency within a factor of 2 except for the unburned fraction (alkanes) and oxygenated VOCs (when available , >

factor of 10)Dominance of gasoline-powered vehicle

Extends and confirms Borbon et al., 2013 between US cities (incl. LA) and European cities (incl. Paris)

Salameh et al., in prep. for ACP

Spatial variability : road transport profiles

Good consistency but , in term of reactivity, spatial variability turns significant by a factor of 2 to 8 for alkenes and to a less extent

aromatics (toluene and xylenes)

Temporal variability• seasonal

• interannual from French AASQA/EMEP (6 stations)

Low seasonality (±30%) ≠ high seasonality in French urban areas for the fuel unburned fraction (Boynard et al., 2014)

• Trafic related compounds (ethylene, BTX) : no significant changes in emission composition

• NG related C2-C3 alkanes : +1.8% to +10%

• Fuel-evaporation related C4-C5-alkanes : constant or +1% to +12%Waked et al., in prep. for AE

referencesMethods :

• Aït Helal et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10439–10464, 2014, www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/10439/2014/

• Detournay et al., J. Environ. Monitor., 13, 983–990, 2011.• Borbon et al., 2013, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 118, 2041–2057,

doi:10.1002/jgrd.50059, 2013• Salameh, T., et al., Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 21, 10867–10877, doi:

10.1007/s11356-014-2978-5, 2014.

VOC emission composition, source apportionment, trends, evaluation of emission inventories :

• Salameh, T., et al., Environ. Chem, 12, 316–328, doi: 10.1071/EN14154, 2015a.• Salameh, T., et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 15, 26795-26837, doi:

10.5194/acpd-15-26795-2015, 2015b.• Salameh et al., Composition of organic carbon during ECOCEM : new

observational constraints for VOC/OVOC anthropogenic emission evaluation in the Middle East region. 2016, in prep for ACP

• Boynard et al., 2014, Atmos. Envir., doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.039, 2014

• Simpson et al., doi.org/10.1021/es5017476 | Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 8529−8537

• Waked et al., 2016, Multi-year trend inferred from observations in French urban and rural atmospheres, in prep for Atmos. Envir.

• Wang et al., ACP, doi:10.5194/acp-14-5871-2014, 2014