geography chapter 11 & 12 1 enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. put your name, date, and...
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Geography Chapter 11 & 12
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•1
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• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
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•1•11-1.1
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Russia is the largest country in the world; one-sixth of earth’s surface.
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Landforms: Plains; North European, West Siberian: Mountains Caucasus, Urals:
Plateaus Central Siberian.
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Coastlines Pacific. Caspian Blacks Artic Baltic.
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Population majority lives in west.
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The Ural Mountains separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian
Plain.
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Russia has few ports because ice-blocked coastline.
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Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the Caucasus Mountains.
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Steppes are very large plains, mostly used for agriculture and grazing.
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The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ethnic group.
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The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan isolated from other
countries.
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• 11-1.2
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High latitudes and arctic winds give northern Russia have such a cold climate.
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Tundra is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions.
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Permafrost ground that is always frozen,
makes it difficult to drill
and build mines this keeps
Russia from obtaining some of its minerals.
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Trees do not grow in the far northern
part of Russia because the permafrost
prevents their roots from
pushing deep.
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Scientists think climate
change might be causing Siberia’s
permafrost to thaw.
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• 11-1.3• ** ***
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Russian Energy Resources Coal, Oil, Natural Gas.
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Russian Mineral Resources Iron, Aluminum, Gold.
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Other Russian Recourses Fish, Forest Products.
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Taiga is a forested area south of the tundra.
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Russia's hydroelectric plants use water power to generate electricity.
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Peat is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel.
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Geography
Independent PracticeWrite answers in complete
sentences. If you do not copy last question,
you will receive a zero.
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• 1) 11-1.1 As you read 310-311 describe the physical geography of Russia; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Landforms • B. Bodies of Water • C. Population
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• 2) 11-1.2 As you read 312-313 give a summary of about the extreme climates in Russia; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Temperature • B. Latitudes • D. Moisture Levels
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• 3) 11-1.3 As you read 314-315 give details about Russia’s resources: Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Energy • B. Mineral • C. Other.
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• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
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•2•11-1.4
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Scientists are concerned about the possible release of methane into the
atmosphere from Siberia,
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it can contribute to global warming, a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes.
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Dry best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. Livestock grazing is the best economic
activity. Islam is the main religion of Central Asia.
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11-1.5
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The Aral Sea has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960.
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Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral Sea. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation
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Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly gone. Central Asian Country Semiarid
or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation
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11-2.1
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Cimmerians; around 1200BC earliest settlers in region.
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Slavs were the ethnic group built
towns in early
Western Russia
Ukraine River.
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Varangian Russes Vikings
founded Kiev.
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Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the Silk Roads.
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Genghis Khan began Mongol rule.
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The Mongols destroyed the city of Kiev.
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Russians called their monarch czar.
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Moscow gained
power as Mongol
rule weakened.
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Most people in Russia live in Europe.
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• 1) 11-1.4 As you read 316-317 give details on the effects on Russia of Global Warming; Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B. • C. • D.
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• 2) 11-1.5 As you read 318-319 compare and contrast Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Kazakhstan• B. Uzbekistan
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• 3) 11-2.1 As you read 320-321 list details and dates of the early history of Russia: Write answers in complete sentences.• A. People • B. Date • C. Contribution
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• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
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•3•11-2.2
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Peter the Great travel to Western
Europe tried to make
Russia more Western.
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Catherine the Great
promoted European ideas
and modernization.
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European Influences Christianity became the main religion of European Russia in the
900s.European economy, military architecture education.
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Asian influences Mongol, Islam.
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Eurasian mixer of western and Eastern ethnic group’s languages and religions.
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11-2.3
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Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia that helped defeat Napoleon.
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The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when Napoleon invaded.
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Germany repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II.
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11-2.4
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Ivan the Terrible
tied peasants
to the land
(serfs).
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Czar Alexander II free the serfs to work in industry.
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Bolsheviks were a political group that began the Russian Revolution.
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Because of the Russian Revolution the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was
formed.
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The best description of communism is one political party controls the government and economy.
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• 1) 11-2.2As you read 322-323 give details of the European and Asian influences on Russia; Write answers in complete sentences. • A European • B. Asian
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• 2) 11-2.3 As you read 324-325 compare and contrast Napoleons and Hitler’s invasion of Russia: Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Napoleon• B. Hitler
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• 3) 11-2.4 As you read 326-327 summarize serfdom in Russia. Write answers in complete sentences.• A. • B.
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• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
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•4•11-2.5
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Republics came under control of Moscow and the Soviet Union.
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Josef Stalin ruled as a
total dictator of the Soviet Union from
1927 to 1953.
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The government decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet
Union.
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Factories were also run collectively. Collectives are planning the future economic
development of the country.
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The Cold War was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did
not fight each other directly.
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Mikhail Gorbachev tried to reform the Soviet economy and government.
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Glasnost was a political reform (encouraged free speech), and perestroika was an
economic reform (focused on restructuring)
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The reforms Gorbachev unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and
government.
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The Soviet Union collapse in 1991.
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12-1.1
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Siberian nomads move from place to place to find food according to the season, 30
different peoples, live in tundra and taiga.
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Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture does climate affect.
Russian nomads get their food and clothing from the animals they herd (reindeer).
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Many of the people in Central Asia are livestock herders (sheep, camels, cattle, horses).
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Many herders now live in rural villages in mud brick homes.
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Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the steppes.
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Peasants farmed lived in small villages later worked for landlords and became serfs.
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Russian peasant farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today.
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12-1.2
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The Trans-Siberian Railroad links East Asia to Europe for trade this helps the world economy.
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The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the world’s longest railroad (6,000 miles long)
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Permafrost and mountains made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so
difficult (25 years to build). Construction began in 1891, completed in 1916.
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Thousands of peasants, convicts and soldiers built the Trans-Siberian Railroad
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The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved five million people to Siberia,
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Two changes the Trans-Siberian Railroad brought to Siberia were many people moved to Siberia;
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new towns and cities grew; the area became more industrialized; its raw materials were mined.
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The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the world’s longest railroad (6,000 miles long)
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Served as a lifeline during WWII
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The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved five million people to Siberia,
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Today electric trains replaced steam.
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The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved five million people to Siberia,
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• 1) 11-2.5 As you read 328-329 give three details of the Soviet Union’s rise and fall; Write answers in complete sentences.• A. Stalin • B. Cold War • C. Gorbachev
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• 2) 12-1.1 As you read 334-335 describe the climate and cultures of Russia. Write answers in complete sentences.• A. D. • B. E. • C. F.
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• 3) 12-1.2 As you read 336-337 show the sequence that led to the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. D. • B. E. • C. F.
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• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
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•5•12-1.3
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Peter the Great build St. Petersburg a Port on the
Baltic Sea and used for trade
between Russia and
Europe.
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St. Petersburg is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music.
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In 2003, Vladimir Putin want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy.
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Vladimir Putin’s goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin
wanted the city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the
Great did.
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• 12-2.1
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The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was economic problems and shortages
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One of Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas for reform was to reduce government control
of economy (Perestroika and Glasnost).
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Gorbachev's new policy of openness result in protests for freedom.
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The Soviet Communist attempted a coup against Gorbachev.
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The fall of the Berlin Wall made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe.
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Mikhail Gorbachev knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in
1991.
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One cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union was the separate republics wanted independence.
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After the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries.
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Economic problems: large gap between rich and poor; increased corruption and
organized crime,
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unemployment; ethnic groups still want independence still exist in Russia years after the Soviet Union’s collapse.
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Chechnya wants to gain independence from Russia.
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• 12-2.2
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Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a federal system.
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The Russian Government has 3 branches of government (executive legislative and
judicial).
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Everyone 18 and older can vote in Russia
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President and State Duma (lower house of legislator) leaders are elected today in Russia, Central government more power than local.
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The president (heads executive branch in power 6 years) and appoints prime minister
hold most of the power in Russia today.
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The U.S. Congress is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly.
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• 1) 12-1.3 As you read 338-339 site details about St Petersburg. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B.• C. • D.
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• 2) 12-2.1 As you read 340-341 list causes and effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. D. • B. E. • C. F.
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• 12-2.2 As you read 342-343 compare and contrast the United States and Russian Governments.
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• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
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•6•12-2.3
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Russia is the largest oil and natural gas exporter in the world, Russia’s greatest sources of wealth
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Most of Russia’s oil come from western Siberia.
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Oil and gas are also found in the area near the Caspian Sea.
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Russia exports natural gas and oil through pipelines.
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• 12-2.4
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A nuclear reactor exploded at Chernobyl.
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Radioactive fallout from Chernobyl still affect the area, because radioactive materials take so long to
disappear.
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After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to Belarus.
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The long-term effects of the Chernobyl disaster and the environment was damaged, and its effects will be felt for years to come;
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plants in forests and farms were damaged; animals were harmed; people died; clean-up people are still
sick;
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rivers and lakes were contaminated for animals and fish; almost one-quarter of the
area’s land is still contaminated with radiation.
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France learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from Chernobyl.
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• 1) 12-2.3 As you read 344-345 site details about Russia oil and natural gas. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B. • C. • D.
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• 2) 12-2.4 As you read 346-347 site details of problems and solutions from the Chernobyl disaster. Write answers in complete sentences. • A. • B. • C. • D.
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• MCPSS• Causey Website• Intellectual• Classroom Assignments• Kohutek• Teachers Sections• Power Point Presentation• 7th Grade Civics Chapter
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Geography Review
Copy questions and underline answers.
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•1
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• ___________________ are very large plains. 311
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• The _____________________ divide European Russia from Asian Russia. 311
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• The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep ___________________ and __________________ isolated from other countries. 311
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• The ______________________ separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain. 311
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• ____________________ is the largest country in the world. 311
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• Scientists think ______________________ might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw. 312
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• _____________________ is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel. 314
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• ______________________ makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals. 312
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• ____________________ is a forested area south of the tundra. 313
•
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• Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the ________________________. 311
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• The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ____________________. 311
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• The ___________________ are mostly used for agriculture and grazing. 311
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• _________________ is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions. 312
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• ___________________ ground that is always frozen. 312
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• Russia has few ports because ________________ coastline. 311
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• ___________________ and ________________ give northern Russia have such a cold climate. 312
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• Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the __________________ prevents their roots from pushing deep. 312
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• Russia's _______________________ plants use water power to generate electricity. 314
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•2
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• _________________ caused the Aral Sea to shrink. 318
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• Moscow gained power as _________________ rule weakened. 321
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• The ______________ destroyed the city of Kiev. 320
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• The ___________________ has shrunk greatly because of water loss from irrigation. 318
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• Russians called their monarch ______________. 321
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• Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the ____________________. 320
•
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• Livestock grazing is the best economic activity suited to the arid regions of ______________________. 318
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• The ___________________ has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960. 320
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• Most people in Russia live in _______________. 322
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• _________________ were the ethnic group built towns in early Russia. 320
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• Scientists are concerned about the possible release of _______________ into the atmosphere from Siberia because It can contribute to global warming. 317
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• ___________________ is the main religion of
Central Asia. 321
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• __________ best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. 318
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• ___________________ is a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes. 319
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•3
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• The best description of __________________ is one political party controls the government and economy. 328
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• Because of the _______________________ the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was formed. 326
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• A __________________ government was established after the Russian Revolution. 326
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• _____________________ ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953. 328
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• The _____________________ was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly. 328
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• The _______________________ decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union. 328
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• Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia helped defeat _________________. 324
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• _____________________ became the main religion of European Russia in the 900s. 322
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• ____________________ free the serfs to work in industry. 326
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• ___________________ repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II. 325
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• The _________________ were a political group that began the Russian Revolution. 326
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• __________________ tried to make Russia more Western. 322
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• The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when _______________ invaded. 325
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•4
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• ___________________________ tried to reform the Soviet economy and government. 329• The Soviet Union collapse in _________________. 329• __________________ was a political reform, and ____________________ was an economic reform. 329• The reforms _______________________ unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government. 329• Russian _______________ get their food and clothing from the animals they herd. 334 • Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture __________________ does affect. 334 • Many of the people in ______________________ are livestock herders. 334 • Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the _________________. 334 • Siberian ______________________ move from place to place to find food according to the season. 334 • Russian _____________________ farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today. 334
• ______________________ and ______________________ made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so
difficult. 336 • The __________________________ Railroad is the world’s longest railroad. 336 • It took __________ years to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad. 336 • _________________________ goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin wanted the
city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the Great did. 336• Peasants, convicts and soldiers built the _____________________________. 336 • The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved ___________________________ people to Siberia. 336 • The Trans-Siberian Railroad is ____________________ miles long. 336 • Russian train tracks are wider than __________________ and ____________________ tracks. 336 • The Trans-Siberian Railroad links __________________ to ____________________ for trade this helps the world
economy. 336
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•5
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• _______________________ is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music. 338
• Peter the Great build St. Petersburg near the __________________ and Europe. 338 • In 2003, _________________ want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy. 338 • The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was ___________________ and
_________________. 340 • _________________ knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991.
340 • _______________ new policy of openness result in protests for freedom. 340 • One of _________________________ ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy.
340 • __________________ wants to gain independence from Russia. 341 • The fall of the _______________________ made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe. 341
• After the ____________________________ collapse in 1991, their republics became independent
countries. 341• One cause of the collapse of the _______________________ was the separate republics wanted
independence. 341 • __________________ and ______________________ leaders are elected today in Russia. 342 • The _____________________ and ___________________ hold most of the power in Russia today. 342
• The Russian Government has ___________________ of government. 342• Everyone ______________ and older can vote in Russia. 342• Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a ___________________. 342 • The ____________________ is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly. 342
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• Most of Russia’s oil come from _____________________. 344 • Russia export natural gas and oil through _________________. 344• ________ and ________________ are Russia’s greatest sources of wealth. 344
• Oil and gas is found the area near the ____________________ so valuable. 344
• Much of the oil from the _______________________ transported to other
countries by pipelines. 344 • __________________ learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from
Chernobyl. 347 • A nuclear reactor exploded at __________________. 347 • _____________________________ from Chernobyl still affect the area, because
it takes so long to disappear. 347 • After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to
_________________________. 347