global studies ii 100 concepts & final exam preparation scientific revolution &...

Global Studies IIGlobal Studies II

100 Concepts

& Final Exam Preparation

Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment- WWI and the Russian Revolution

100 Concepts Sci.-Russ Revolutions100 Concepts Sci.-Russ Revolutions

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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Number 1:Number 1:

QUESTION:Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on

1. the experiences of past civilizations

2. experimentation and observation

3. emotions and feelings

4. the teachings of the Catholic Church

ANSWER:2. Experimentation and observation

Number 2:Number 2:

QUESTION:During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many

scientists and philosophers was that they

1. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers

2. favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions

3. received support from the Catholic Church

4. examined natural laws governing the universe

ANSWER:4. Examined natural laws governing the

universe.

Number 3:Number 3:

QUESTION:Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo

Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?

1. The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened.

2. The scientific method was used to solve problems.

3. Funding to education was increased by the English government. 4. Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed

ANSWER:2. The scientific method was used to

solve problems

Number 4:Number 4:

QUESTION:Speaker A: Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the

same as those of the nation.

Speaker B: The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature.

Speaker C: All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.

Speaker D: Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war.

Which speaker’s statement best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment? A B C D

ANSWER:Speaker C

Number 5:Number 5:

QUESTION:Speaker A: The story of history is the story of class struggles. Revolution is necessary to overthrow the ruling class and eventually create a classless

society in which no one will be exploited.

Speaker B: The royal power is absolute and the prince need render account of his acts to no one. Where the word of a king is, there is no power. Without this absolute authority, the king could neither do good nor repress evil.

Speaker C: Government should leave business alone. It should let the natural law of supply and demand determine what gets produced, how much gets produced, who does the work, the price of goods, rates of pay, and all other economic questions.

Speaker D: Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. It is the duty of every government to preserve and protect these natural inalienable rights.

Which speaker expresses the views of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau?

1. A2. B 3. C 4. D

ANSWER:4. Men are born and remain equal in rights…duty

of gov to protect these natural rights

Number 6:Number 6:

QUESTION:“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are

endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of

1. Niccolo Machiavelli2. Charles Darwin3. Charlemagne4. John Locke

ANSWER:4. John Locke, Natural Rights

Number 7:Number 7:

QUESTION:Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in

1. changing the relationship between people and their government

2. supporting the divine right theory3. debating the role of the church in society4. promoting increased power for European monarchs

ANSWER:1. Changing the relationship between

people and their governments

Number 8:Number 8:

QUESTION:The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe

encouraged later political revolution with their support of

1. socialism2. imperialism3. the natural rights of man4. the divine right monarchies

ANSWER:3. The natural rights of man

Number 9:Number 9:

QUESTION:The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed the

government decisions should be based on

1. fundamental religious beliefs2. the concept of divine right of kings3. laws of nature and reason4. traditional values

ANSWER:3. The laws of nature and reason

Number 10:Number 10:

QUESTION:Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment

philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?

1. god has chosen all government rulers2. independence is built by military might3. a capitalist economic system is necessary for democracy4. the power of the government is derived from the governed

ANSWER:4. The power of the government is

derived from the governed.


QUESTION:John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to

support

1. a return to feudalism in Europe2. a government ruled by a divine right monarchy3. a society ruled by the Catholic Church4. a society in which the people chose the ruler

ANSWER:4. A society in which the people chose the

ruler


QUESTION:--Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.--Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property.--Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong.

During which period in European history would the ideas in these statements have been expressed?

1. Pax Romana2. Age of Exploration3. Enlightenment4. Age of Imperialism

ANSWER:3. Enlightenment- humans free and able to

pariticipate in gov decision process. Gov protects natural rights


QUESTION:During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the

work of many scientists and philosophers was that they

1. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers2. favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic

conditions3. received support from the Catholic Church4. examined natural laws governing the universe

?

ANSWER:4. Examined natural laws governing the

universe


QUESTION:Which statement best describes a change that occurred

during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?

1. feudalism became the dominant political system2. the use of reason and logic were discouraged3. technology and science were considered unimportant4. a new questioning spirit and attitude emerged

ANSWER:4. A new questioning spirit and attitude

emerged


QUESTION:“We prefer self-government with danger, to servitude in tranquility.”

The author of this statement would most likely support

1. imperialism2. independence movements3. colonial expansion4. mercantilism

ANSWER:2. Independence movements


QUESTION:A major concept promoted by philosophers of the

Enlightenment was the need for

1. a return to traditional medieval ideas2. the use of reason for rational and logical thinking3. overseas expansion by western European nations4. strengthening the power of the organized religions

ANSWER:2. The use of reason for rational and

logical thinking


QUESTION:One important result of the French Revolution was that

1. France enjoyed a lengthy period of peace and prosperity2. the church was restored to its former role and power in

the French government3. political power shifted to the bourgeoisie4. France lost its spirit of nationalism

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:Which statement is a valid generalization about the

immediate results of the French Revolution of 1789?

1. the Roman Catholic Church increased its power and wealth2. the revolution achieved its goal of establishing peace,

democracy, and justice for all3. the revolution had little impact outside France4. the French middle class gained more power

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:In France, which was a major result of the French Revolution?

1. the king was restored to unlimited power2. the clergy dominated government3. the middle class gained political influence4. the tax burden was carried by the lower class

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that

pre-Revolutionary governments

1. are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them

2. refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology3. attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion4. fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:“Congress of Vienna Restores Monarchy to France”“Czar Nicholas I Limits Freedom of the Russian Press”“Reform Movements Crushed in Hungary, Italy, and the German States”

These headlines could be described as

1. reactions to the French Revolution

2. movements to unify all of western Europe

3. efforts to improve the conditions of factory workers

4. attempts to promote trade between European nations

?

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because

they hoped he would

1. adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation2. restore Louis XVI to power3. provide stability for the nation4. end British control of France

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, leaders of Latin American

independence movements, were inspired by successful revolutions in

1. the Untied States and France

2. the Soviet Union and China

3. Cuba and Costa Rica

4. Egypt and Kenya

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:During the early 1800’s, which was a major influence on the struggle

for political independence in Latin America?

1. poor conditions in urban centers in Latin America2. the American and French Revolutions3. the desire of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America to

escape European control4. demands by Latin American workers to own their own factories

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:One similarity in the leadership of Latin Americas Jose de San

Martin, Toussaint Le’Ouverture, Bernanrdo O’Higgins, and Pedro I was that each leader

1. opposed United States intervention in Haiti2. led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of his nation3. opposed membership of his nation in the League of Nations4. established an absolute monarchy in his nation

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:“I will never allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I have broken

the chains laid upon us by Spain.”

This statement was most likely made by

1. a Latin American nationalist2. a Portuguese explorer3. a Roman Catholic bishop4. a Spanish conquistador

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three?

1. nations of Latin America won independence2. revolutions occurred in North America and France3. the Napoleonic wars weakened Spain’s power4. creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:The 19th-century independence movements in Latin America

were influenced by

1. Marxist ideology2. the Aztec wars against Hernando Cortez3. liberation theology4. the American and the French Revolutions

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L’Overture, and Bernardo O’Higgins

were Latin American leaders of

1. economic development2. educational reforms3. independence movements4. colonial expansion

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:In which region of the world did the American Revolution and

the French Revolution have the greatest influence during the 1800’s?

1. Southeast Asia2. Latin America3. South Asia4. sub-Saharan Africa

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Toussaint l’Ouverture

are important in Latin American history because they were

1. 20th-century caudillos2. leaders of liberation movements3. members of the Organization of American States (OAS)4. winners of the Nobel Peace Prize

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:“A country is not merely a geographic territory. A country is also the idea

given birth by the geographic territory. A country is a sense of love that unites, as one, all the sons and daughters of that geographic territory…”

--World History: A Story of Progress

This quotation supports the idea of

1. totalitarian rule2. absolute monarchy3. mercantilism4. nationalism

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:In a number of European countries in the 1800’s, which

situation occurred as a result of the influence of the French Revolution?

1. increase in religious conflict

2. rise of nationalistic movements

3. decentralization of governmental power

4. economic depression

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:Which quotation best reflects a feeling of nationalism?

1. “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”

2. “A person’s greatest social obligation is loyalty to the family”

3. “For God, King, and Country”

4. “Opposition to evil is as much a duty as is cooperation with good”

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has

1. land suited to agriculture2. adequate industry to supply consumer demands3. a moderate climate with rivers for irrigation4. common customs, language, and history

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:Nationalism is best defined as

1. the achievement of world peace and global understanding2. the desire to take over other societies by force3. a method of solving basic economic problems of the society4. the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and a

geographic region

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:The best example of the success of nationalism in Europe is

the

1. development of socialism in France2. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain3. establishment of the Common Market4. unification of Germany

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:Which condition is most necessary to the process of

industrialization in a society?

1. dependence on subsistence agriculture2. creation of a one-crop economy3. availability of investment capital4. capture of foreign lands

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the

1. granting of more political liberties to all people2. struggle between classes in society3. wars and conflicts between national leaders4. increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles’ Communist Manifesto

is that the proletariat

1. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends2. had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic rewards3. should allow the capitalists to control the means of production4. must unite to overthrow the capitalist class

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:“Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the industrialized nations

as the proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of the capitalist system.”

This quotation reflects the ideas of

1. Charles Darwin2. Karl Marx3. Niccolo Machiavelli4. John Locke

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:“The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains…

Workers of the world, unite!”

This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from the

1. Protestant Reformation2. Counter-Reformation3. Commercial Revolution4. Industrial Revolution

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:Before a nation can begin to industrialize, that nation must first

develop

1. a democratic government2. a rigid class structure3. a strong religious foundation4. an adequate food supply

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the

1. concentration of workers in urban areas2. increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power3. formation of powerful craft guilds4. control of agricultural production by governments

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:According to the theories of Karl Marx, history can

be viewed as a

1. succession of famines that result in the destruction of civilizations

2. repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism3. listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes4. continuous struggle between economic classes

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:-Europeans sought new markets for their goods.-Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs.-European middle class gained political power.

What was the major cause of these changes in Europe?

1. Industrial Revolution2. rise of feudalism3. Congress of Vienna4. French Revolution

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:Which revolution inspired Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to

express their ideas in The Communist Manifesto?

1. Industrial2. Scientific3. Glorious4. Neolithic

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:Before Commodore Matthew Perry’s expedition to Japan in 1853,

Japan was most influenced by

1. Russia’s need for warm water ports2. the introduction of advanced technology from the United States3. France’s quest for new colonies4. China’s religion, art, and writing

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:In Japan, the Meiji Restoration resulted in the

1. division of the nation between the European powers2. modernization of the nation’s industry3. abolition of the position of emperor4. government being controlled by the samurai

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:An immediate result of Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit to

Japan in 1853 was

1. an alliance between Japan and Russia2. the development of trade between Japan and the West3. a war between Japan and the United States4. the continued isolation of Japan

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan in 1853

signaled the end of Japanese

1. cultural contacts with the West2. policies of isolationism3. militarism in Southeast Asia4. trade relations with the United States

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:A major goal of the Meiji government in Japan was to

1. isolate Japan from other nations2. achieve political union with China3. establish Japan as an industrial power4. encourage colonization of Asia by Western nations

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:The modernization of Japan during the Meiji Restoration

resulted in

1. a return to a feudal system of government2. the rise of Japan as an imperialistic nation3. an alliance between China, Korea, Russia, and Japan4. a strengthening of Japan’s isolationist policies

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:Which statement best describes events in Japan during the

period of the Meiji Restoration?

1. Japan sought to isolate itself from world affairs.2. Rapid industrialization and economic growth occurred.3. Local lords increased their power over the Japanese

emperor.4. Agriculture was taken over by the government.

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:A primary purpose for building the Suez Canal was to

1. encourage Jewish settlement in nearby Palestine2. increase trade between the Middle East, Europe and Asia3. reduce the time needed for travel between the Atlantic

Ocean and the Caribbean Sea4. allow Indian merchants to reach the east coast of Africa

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European

imperialist nations during the 1800’s?

1. new nations were based on old tribal boundaries2. the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded3. the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers4. African unity was encouraged

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:After 1880, European nations sought colonies in Africa primarily

because the Europeans were

1. in need of land for their surplus populations2. competing of raw materials and markets3. determined to bring Christianity to the Moslem world4. interested in completing their geographic knowledge of the

world

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that

1. Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans2. Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help3. imperialism was opposed by most Europeans4. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the

colonial peoples

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:The Sepoy Mutiny in India, the Boxer Rebellion in China, and

the Islamic Revolution in Iran were similar in that they

1. restored power to the hereditary monarchies

2. attempted to reject the traditional cultures in these countries

3. resisted foreign influence in these countries

4. reestablished the power of religious leaders

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:During the 19th century, Europeans were able to divide China

in Spheres of Influence mainly because the

1. Chinese were eager to adopt western culture2. Europeans had technologically superior military forces3. Europeans were willing to adopt Chinese customs4. Chinese lacked raw materials and resources

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:The Boxer Rebellion of the early 20th century was an attempt

to

1. eliminate poverty among the Chinese peasants2. bring western-style democracy to China3. restore trade between China and European nations4. remove foreign influences from China

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:“Yesterday, your ambassador petitioned my ministers regarding your trade with China…

our Celestial Empire possesses all things in great abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. There is, therefore, no need to import any product manufactured by outside barbarians in exchange for our own goods.”

-Emperor Ch’ien Lung of China to King George III of Britain, 1793In the view of the Emperor, which foreign policy action was in the best interest of China in

1793?

1. maintaining economic isolation2. expanding foreign trade3. increasing international interdependence4. developing into a colonial power

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:British control over South Africa, French control over Indochina, and

Spanish control over Mexico are examples of

1. isolationism2. appeasement3. nonalignment4. imperialism

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into

colonies, and controlled their economies.

Which term refers to the situation described in this statement?

1. socialism2. isolationism3. imperialism4. monotheism

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into

colonies, and controlled their economies.

This statement describes a situation that resulted from the

1. industrialization of Europe and the need for raw materials2. desire of Europeans to spread communism throughout the world3. European belief in human rights for all people4. requests of developing nations for modern machines and technology

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:During the 1840’s, China signed “unequal treaties” with Western

nations mainly because

1. China had won the Opium War2. Western nations had superior military technology3. leaders in China favored expansion

4. China had requested economic assistance from the West

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:Throughout the 1800’s, an increased need for both raw materials

and new markets for manufactured goods led various European nations to pursue policies of

1. imperialism2. socialism3. isolationism4. communism

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:During the 18th and 19th centuries, increased contact between

European and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America resulted in

1. closer cultural cooperation between Europe and these continents2. the exploitation of the labor and resources of these continents3. a return to the political and economic systems of feudal Europe4. preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:Take up the White Man’s burden—Send forth the best ye breedGo bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ need;To wait, in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.--Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”

ANSWER:1.

The phrase “White Man’s burden” in this excerpt refers to the

1. negative attitude of Europeans toward peoples of the non-Western world2. advantages Europeans would gain by colonizing Africa, Asia, and Latin America3. positive role of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa and Asia4. challenges non-Europeans faced when trading with the Europeans


QUESTION:Both the French and the British were interested in controlling

Egypt in the mid-19th century because Egypt had

1. control of the spice trade2. an industrial-based economy3. vital mineral resources4. a strategic location

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:…, you, Africa, suffered like a beastYour ashes strewn to the wind that roams the desert,Your tyrants built the lustrous, magic templesTo preserve your soul, preserve your suffering.Barbaric right of fist and the white right to whip,You had the right to die, you could also weep.

--Patrice Lumumba, “Dawn in the Heart of Africa”

ANSWER:1.

*This African poem is discussing the evils of

1. imperialism2. communism3. nationalism4. regionalism


QUESTION:The results of the Opium War (1839-1842) indicate that China

was

1. still a major military power2. not strong enough to resist Western demands3. rapidly building a modern industrial economy4. accepting Western nations as equal trading partner

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and

bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to

1. provide jobs for the colonists2. obtain raw materials needed for industrialization3. impress the colonists with their technological knowledge4. help missionaries spread Christianity

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:“Compared to other peoples of the world we have the greatest (largest) population and our civilization

is four thousand years old…Today we are the poorest and weakest nation in the world and occupy the lowest position in international affairs. Other men are the carving knife and serving dish, we are the fish and the meat. As a consequence…we are being transformed everywhere into a colony of the foreign powers.”

Which events formed the basis for the ideas expressed in this early 1900’s passage?

1. Opium War and Boxer Rebellion2. Mau Mau uprising and adoption of apartheid3. Sepoy Mutiny and the Salt March4. Haitian Revolution and Cortes’ march on Mexico City

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:One result of British colonialism in India was that India

1. adopted a parliamentary system of government2. developed religious unity3. supported Western foreign policies in the United Nations4. created programs to increase its population

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:“The Ashanti and Ijebu... strongly resisted missionary incursion [interference]-for a time at least . . .

Both groups grudgingly [reluctantly] accepted missionaries and their schools only after military defeat by imperial forces.”

— Edward H. Berman

A valid conclusion based on this quotation would be that some Africans

1. opposed giving up their religious and cultural heritage2. returned to the worship of their traditional gods after the defeat of the missionaries3. cooperated with the missionaries for economic gain4. feared that missionaries would refuse to teach their children

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:In 19th-century China, the Opium War resulted in

1. the control of Hong Kong being returned to China2. the removal of all British naval forces from China3. an increase in European spheres of influence in China4. the rejection of Buddhism by the Chinese people

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:The borders that were established for many African nations

during the late 1800’s were based primarily on

1. natural geographic barriers2. easy access to natural resources3. territorial claims of colonial rulers4. cultural differences between ethnic groups

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:An analysis of the Russo-Japanese War and the Boer War

shows that one reason nations go to war is to

1. assist oppressed people2. spread religious beliefs3. satisfy imperialist goals4. honor provisions of a treaty

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:Which statement best expresses the motive for 19th-century European

imperialism?

1. Living space was needed for the excess population in western Europe.2. European leaders believed imperialism was an effective method of

reducing the number of wars.3. European nations would benefit from some aspects of the conquered

nation’s culture.4. Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial powers

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:In 1917, Bolshevik leaders in Russia sought peace with Germany

because the new Russian government

1. decided to join forces with Germany and the Central Powers2. needed to concentrate its troops and resources on its war with

Turkey3. wanted to retain power and avoid German occupation4. needed to control the Baltic Sea and wanted a warm water port

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:In Eastern Europe after World War I, the greatest obstacle to

national unity in many nation-states was the

1. great ethnic diversity found in the region

2. economic dependence of Eastern Europe on Japan3. acceptance of democratic traditions by most Eastern Europeans4. expansion of United States influence in the region

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and

the Russian Revolution?

1. World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution

2. World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring confidence in the Czar

3. the Russian Revolution inspired the Russian people to win World War I4. World War I gave the Czar’s army the needed experience to suppress

the Russian Revolution

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:A major cause of World War I was

1. a decline in the policy of imperialism2. the existence of opposing alliances3. an increase in acts of aggression by England4. the spread of communism throughout Europe

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:Why was the Balkan region referred to as the “Powder Keg of Europe”

prior to World War I?

1. The aggression of the Ottoman Empire was disrupting the balance of power.

2. Yugoslavia was invading its neighboring countries.3. Nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries were increasing.4. The area was the leading supplier of military equipment to the

rest of the world.

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:The major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was that

the treaty led to

1. an era of peace and international good will in Germany2. a stable Germany that was both democratic and strong3. an increase in Germany’s desire to regain its power and

prestige4. a leadership position for Germany in the League of Nations

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:“Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!”“Germany Declares War on Russia and France!”“Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!”

Which event is referred to in these headlines?

1. Franco-Prussian War2. Crimean War3. World War I4. Cold War

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:What is the practice of voting for

candidates of different parties for different offices?

ANSWER:Split-ticket voting


QUESTION:Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?

1. investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits

2. the role of government in the economy is restricted by law3. government agencies are involved in production planning4. entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:“A group of planners makes all economic decisions. The group assigns natural, human,

and capital resources to the production of those goods and services it wants. The group decides how to produce them and to whom to distribute them”

This description best applies to the

1. manorial economy of feudal Europe2. mercantile economy of 18th century Europe3. command economy of the Soviet Union4. market economy of the United States

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and his decision to form collectives are

examples of

1. strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union through forced communism

2. a more friendly foreign policy toward China3. methods of dealing with the United States during the Cold War4. programs to westernize, educate, and enlighten the population

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the

1. defeat of Germany in the Russian campaign2. marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess3. existence of sharp economic differences between social

classes4. appeal of Marxism to the Russian nobility

ANSWER:3.


QUESTION:A major effect of Josef Stalin’s policy of Collectivization on

Soviet agriculture was

1. a widespread food shortage throughout the nation2. an increase in the export of agricultural products3. a surplus of agricultural goods4. the immediate creation of many small private farms

ANSWER:1.


QUESTION:The term that best describes the position of Jews in Czarist

Russia is

1. political elite2. persecuted minority3. landed gentry4. military leaders

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:“…the organizations of the revolutionaries must consist first, foremost, and mainly of people who

make revolutionary activity their profession…such an organization must of necessity be not too extensive and as secret as possible…”

-V.I. Lenin, 1917

This quotation refers to Lenin’s plan to

1. defeat Germany in World War I2. establish democracy in Russia3. maintain communist power in Western Europe4. overthrow the Russian government

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:Josef Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union can best be

characterized as a period of

1. democratic reform and nationalism2. humanism and democracy3. religious freedom and tolerance4. censorship and terror

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:The political reorganization of Russia after the Communist

Revolution of 1917 resulted in

1. the establishment of a two-party political system2. increased political power for ethnic minorities3. a limited monarchy with the czar as a figurehead4. a federation of socialist republics

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:Under Josef Stalin, the Soviet Union emphasized centralized

economic planning and Five-Year Plans primarily to

1. produce more consumer goods2. expand exports3. create a demand for high-quality imports4. develop heavy industry

ANSWER:4.


QUESTION:Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in 1917 primarily

because the Bolsheviks pledged to

1. establish and maintain collective farms2. redistribute land and make peace3. keep crop yields low4. limit the income of the nobility

ANSWER:2.


QUESTION:The Kirghiz with whom we stopped was very well off. . . . After some tea our host asked me, “Where is the Ak Padsha now,

the White Tsar Nikolai?”“He and all his family, the Tsaritsa, their daughters and son, have been killed by the Bolsheviks,” I answered.The old man gave a deep sigh . . .“And you . . . Are you one of the men of the regime of Nikolai?”“Yes, of course,” I replied. “I detest and despise the Bolsheviks.”The old man . . . began to blink and a tear rolled down his cheek, while the rest of the family sobbed . . .I was deeply touched by the scene. On this remote frontier of the Empire, . . . a family of nomad herdsmen was weeping for

the tragic death of their White Pasha, as the Tsar was known.

In which period of time did this scene take place?

1. during the Napoleonic Wars2. after Mao Zedong came to power3. after the Russian Revolution4. during World War II

ANSWER:3.

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