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PRESENTATION

ON

ABHISHEK BORA

08ET402002FINAL YEAR,ECE

JECRC,JNU

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INTRODUCTION

Introduction

What is GPU?

It is a processor optimized for 2D/3D graphics,

video, visual computing, and display. It is highly parallel, highly multithreaded

multiprocessor optimized for visual computing.

It provide real-time visual interaction with computed

objects via graphics images, and video.

It serves as both a programmable graphics processorand a scalable parallel computing platform.

Heterogeneous Systems: combine a GPU with a CPU

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GPU Evolution

1980s No GPU. PC used VGA controller 1990s Add more function into VGA controller 1997s 3D acceleration functions:

Hardware for trianglesetup and rasterizationTexture mappingShading

2000 A single chip graphics processor(named GPU) 2005 Massively parallel programmable processors 2007 CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture)

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GPU Graphic Trends

OpenGL an open standard for 3D programming

DirectX a series of Microsoft multimedia

programming Interfaces

New GPU are being developed every 12 to 18 months

New idea of visual computing: combines graphicsprocessing and parallel computing

Heterogeneous System CPU + GPU

GPU evolves into scalable parallel processor

GPU Computing: GPGPU and CUDA GPU unifies graphics and computing

GPU visual computing application: OpenGL, and DirectX

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What is OpenGL?

OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standard

specification defining a cross-language, cross-

platform applications that produce 2D and 3D computer

graphics.

The interface consists of over 250different function callswhich can be used to draw complex three-dimensional scenes

from simple primitives.

OpenGL wasdeveloped by Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) in

1992 and iswidely used in CAD, virtual reality,scientific

visualization, information visualization, flight simulation,and video games.

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What is DirectX ?

DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) for

handling tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and

video, on Microsoft platforms.

Originally, the names of these APIs all began with Direct, such

as Direct3D, DirectDraw, DirectMusic, DirectPlay, DirectSound, and so

forth.

The name DirectXwas coined as shorthand term for all of these APIs

(the X standing in for the particular API names) and soon became the

name of the collection. When Microsoft later set out to develop a gaming console, the X was

used as the basis of the name Xbox to indicate that the console was

based on DirectX technology.

The first version ofDirectX was released in September 1995 (DirectX

1.0).

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GPU System Architectures

CPU-GPU system architecture

The Historical PC

Contemporary PC with Intel and AMDGPUs

Graphics Logical Pipeline

Basic Unified GPUArchitecture

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HISTORICAL PC

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INTEL ANDAMD CPU

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GRAPHICS LOGICAL PIPELINE

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BASIC UNIFIED GPU ARCHITECTURE

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Vertex shaders

Vertexshaders are run once for each vertex given to the

graphics processor. The purpose is to transform each vertex's 3D position in

virtual space to the 2D coordinate at which it appears on

thescreen (aswell as a depth value for the Z-buffer).

Vertexshaders can manipulate propertiessuch as position,

color, and texture coordinate, but cannot create newvertices.

The output of the vertexshader goes to the next stage in

the pipeline,which iseither a geometry shader if present

or the

raste

rize

r othe

rw

ise

.

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Geometry shaders

Geometry shaders are a relatively new type of shader,

introduced in Direct3D 10 and OpenGL 3.2; formerly

available in OpenGL 2.0+ with the use of extensions.

This type of shader can generate new graphics primitives,such as points, lines, and triangles, from those primitives that

were sent to the beginning of the graphics pipeline.

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Pixel shader

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Graphic cards

A video card, display card, graphics card, or graphics adapter is

an expansion card which generates output images to a display.

Most video cards offer various functions such as accelerated

rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics.

MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability toconnect multiple monitors (multi-monitor).

Video hardware is often integrated into the motherboard,

however all modern motherboards provide expansion ports to

which a video card can be attached. In this configuration it is

sometimes referred to as a video controller or graphics

controller.

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This graphics chip usually has a small quantity of embedded

memory and takes some of the system's main RAM, reducing the

total RAM available.

This is usually called integrated graphics oron-board graphics,and is low-performance and undesirable for those wishing to run

3D applications.

A dedicated graphics card on the other hand has its own RAM and

Processor specifically for processing video images, and thus

offloads this work from the CPU and system RAM. Almost all of these motherboards allow the disabling of the

integrated graphics chip in BIOS, and have an AGP, PCI, or PCI

Express slot for adding a higher-performance graphics card in place

of the integrated graphics.

Graphic cards

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Graphics card manufacturers

Now these days there are many companies manufactures graphics card.

I. ATI

II. NVIDIA

III. ASUS

IV. Sapphire

V. EVGA

VI. GeCube

VII. POV (Point ofView), etc.

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Specifications for a good graphics card

1. It should support latest version ofOpenGL.

2. It should support latest DirectX.

3. It should have cop-up tendency.

4. Capability to work under high speed.

5. Compact in size.

6. Provide better 3D vision .

7. It should have multi display technology.

8. Less heating tendency.

9. Less consumption of electricity.10.Outputs will be both HDMI orVGA.

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