Grammar Unit 1

HD 1.1 t/m 1.9

1.1 Present Simple <--> Present Continuous

Present Simple Vorm: hele werkwoord. SHIT-rule: + s Gebruik: feit, gewoonte Signaalwoorden: always, usually, often, never, every

day/week etc. He eats an apple every day

Present Continuous Vorm: ‘to be’ + hele werkwoord + ING Gebruik: nu aan de gang, nu bezig Signaalwoorden: at the moment, (right) now, currently

He is eating an apple right now

Examples1. My dad usually ... (play) tennis, but at the moment he ...

(do) a hang-gliding course in Bristol.2. My little brother always ... (have to) go to bed at seven, but

right now it's eight o' clock and he ... (still play) outside!3. Where's Linda? - Over there, she ... (buy) some souvenirs.4. My sister always ... (think) there are more important things

than homework. Right now, for example, she ... (chat) with her best friend.

5. Joseph, what ... you ... (watch)? - Can't you see? This is The Weakest Link. I always ... (watch) this programme on Wednesdays.

6. I usually ... (stay) in England during the summer holidays, but at the moment I ... (plan) a trip to America for a change.

1.9 Bijvoeglijk naamwoord <--> Bijwoord

Bijvoeglijk naamwoord Zegt iets over een zelfstandig naamwoord:

a white house

Bijwoord + ly Geeft aan hoe iets gebeurt:

to walk slowlyUitzonderingen: always, still, never, often, well

Een bijwoord zegt iets over: Een werkwoord: to act normallyEen bijvoeglijk naamwoord: A perfectly

normal houseEen ander bijwoord: She sings extremely

beautifully Een hele zin: Luckily, you didn’t have any

homework for today.

Examples

1. I wouldn't tell Dad if I were you. He'll be very upset. (definite - definitely)

2.Last night I went to a concert of Robbie Williams. I think he's a good singer. (real - really)

3.My six-year-old sister is a table-tennis player. (good - well)

4.This looks all right to me. (perfect -perfectly)5.You shouldn't only study those parts! (simple -

simply)

1.2 + 1.3 + 1.4 Past Simple, Past Continuous or Present Perfect

Past Simple Vorm: regelmatig: -ed, onregelmatig: 2e rijtje Gebruik: handeling in verleden, geen link met heden!

Wanneer is belangrijk Signaalwoorden: yesterday, 1986, last week/month etc.

I went to a football match last week Past Continuous Vorm: ‘to be’ (was/were) + hele ww + ING Gebruik: in het verleden aan de gang, bezig

Why weren’t you watching the match?

Present Perfect Vorm: have/has + 3e rijtje Gebruik: In het verleden begonnen, link

met het heden! Niet belangrijk wanneerResultaat merkbaarNog steeds bezig

Signaalwoorden: for (al), since (sinds) Since I met you, I haven’t been to a

football match

Examples1. Last night I ... (just take) a shower when my best friend ...

(call) to tell me she had broken up with her boy-friend.2. I ... (live) here since 2003. Before that I ... (live) in Edinburgh.3. When I ... (walk) to school I suddenly ... (realize) I'd forgotten

my books.4. Did you see Ground Zero when you ... (be) in New York last

week?5. I ... (be) a fan of David Beckham since he first started playing.6. ... you ever ... (see) any of the Harry Potter films?7. My brother ... (play) tennis for eight years now. That's pretty

amazing because he's only eleven years old.8. I ... (know) my husband for five years now. We first ... (meet)

in Paris in the spring of 1999.

1.7 Have to / be allowed to / be able to

Vorm: have to / be allowed to / be able to + hele werkwoord

Have to: moeten (verplicht)Not have to: niet hoeven

Be allowed to: mogen / toegestaan zijn Be able to: kunnen / in staat zijn

Examples

1.When we were in Turkey, I ... (mocht niet) do a diving course.

2.You ... (hoeft niet) buy me a present for my birthday.

3.We ... (moesten) stay there for the night because we missed the last train.

4. ... (Kun je) come or not?5.Hey Ian, listen up! I ... (mag) do a hang-gliding

course! My Mum finally agreed.

1.5 Questions:

Do --> tegenwoordige tijd Does --> tegenwoordige tijd HE / SHE / IT Did --> Verleden tijd (ook bij he/she/it)

Let op: Na do/does/did altijd het hele werkwoord

Ook bij don’t / doesn’t / didn’t

Betrekkelijk voornaamwoord

Who:

He has one daughter, who is ten years old. That:

She is the only person that understands me. Which (vervangt ‘that’ of ‘who’)

This is the photo which shows my house