2nd Semester

Por: Maya Cawood

Table of Contents1. Imperfect : 32. Preterite: 4-8 Car/ Gar/Zar: 5 Spock: 6 Cucaracha: 7 Snake/Snakey : 81. Model: 92. Adverb: 103. Progressive : 11-12 Present Past 4. Future and Irregulars: 135. Superlatives: 146. Formal Commands: 157. Prepositions: 168. Demonstratives: 17

Imperfecto Verbos Forms of the imperfect, regular verbs. Stem: Take the

infinitive, and remove the last two letters (the infinitive ending):

hablar > habl-; comer > com-; vivir > viv-.

Endings: -ar verbs: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban.

-er and -ir verbs: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.

Irregular verbs. Only three verbs are irregular in the imperfect: ser, ir, and ver:

ser ir ver

era éramos iba íbamos veía veíamos eras erais ibasibais veías veíais era eran iba iban veía veían

Preterite Past Tense!!

-AR -ER/IR

-é -í

-aste -iste

-ó -ió

-amos -imos

-aron -ieron

-Car, -Gar, -Zar Regular verbs with these endings have a spelling

change to the yo form to keep the sound of the verb.

-CAR….YO….qué

-GAR…YO….gué

-ZAR…YO…cé

Spock-irregular for preteriteHacer: HiceHicisteHizoHicimosHicieron

Dar o Ver: IIsteIoImosIeron

Ir o Ser: FuiFuisteFueFuiemosFueron

Cucaracha= irregulares for preteríte Andar- anduv Endings:

Estar- estuv -e

Poder- pud -iste

Poner- pus -o

Querer- quis -imos

Saber- sup -isteis

Tener- tuv -ieron

Venir- vin

Decir- dij

Tracer- traj

Snake/Snakey

Modal Verbos

Modal verb in right form + infinitive

Adverbos Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding -mente to the

feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending corresponds to -ly in English.

Adjective to feminine form to adverb

Claro…..clara….claramente

Note: if two adverbs pertain to one verb the first adverb gets changed to only feminine form and the second one gets changed all the way to the –mente form.

Progressive- Present Step One: Right form of EstarEstoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están Step Two: Change verb to –ando, -iendo, -yendoAr- ando Er/Ir- iendo -yendohablar: hablando

(hablar - ar + ando)comer: comiendo

(comer - er + iendo)

Progressive-Past This tense, EL PASADO PROGRESIVO, is used when you

say sentences such as.. I was working.Estaba trabajando. / Trabajaba They were studying.Ellos estaban estudiando ahora. We were selling a novelEstábamos vendiendo una novela. He was eating a lot.Él estaba comiendo mucho. She was leaving.Estaba partiendo

Superlatives You use superlatives when you want to say something

has the MOST or the LEAST of a certain quality.

MOST= más

MENOS= menos

Luis es el más alto. Luis is the tallest

Carmen es la más pequeña

Future “I will…”

Formula:

infinitive + future ending

Endings Example: Cantaré -é

-ás

-á

-emos

-án

Los irregulares

endings

Decer Dir

Hacer Har é

Poner Pondr ás

Salir Saldr á

Tener Tendr emos

Valer Vendr án

Poder Podr

Querer Querr

Saber Sabr

Formal Commands For Ud./Uds.: put the verb in its “yo” form and change

to its opposite vowel

Comer- Como- Coma

Tener- Tengo- Tenga

Negative Form: Add NO in front of the verb. Conjugate the verb the same way!

¡No Coma! ¡No tenga!

Irregulares= TVDISHES

Prepositions Abajo: below

Arriba: above

Debajo de: under

Dentro de: inside

Encima de: Above

Fuera de: outside

Cerca de: near

Legos de: far

Detrás de: behind

Demonstratives Indicate which one

This (near)

That(far)

That over there

Este Ese Aquel

Esta Esa Aquella

These Those Those over there

Estos Esos Aquellos

Estas Esas Aquellas

The T is near me!!