Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Heavy attacks of yellow rust in southern Sweden for the last

seven years

Louise Aldén and Gunilla Berg Swedish Board of Agriculture

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Helsingör 5-8 July 2015

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Outline

•  Background Sweden •  Monitoring data •  Several different races during a short period •  Race investigation, inoculation field trials

cooperation with Aarhus University •  Yield losses •  Conclusion

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Sweden - arable land 2,6 million hectare

Cereals Hectare average 2010-2014

Total Scania Winter wheat 310 000 100 000 Spring wheat 81 800 8 800 Triticale 29 000 4 600 Spring barley 331 000 76 600 Oats 181 400 9 000

Source: Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

- Monitoring system - Pest and disease prognosis - Early warning - Diagnosis - Information

Plant protection centre, 5 regions in Sweden

Stockholm

Göteborg

Malmö

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Winter wheat - Yellow rust - monitoring
southern Sweden – Scania, Blekinge, Halland 
Source: Jordbruksverket, Växtskyddscentralen, Alnarp

Monitoring 70-80 plots /year in farmers fields, different varieties

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98   99   00   01   02   03   04   05   06   07   08   09   10   11   12   13   14  

 %  a.acked  leaves    

Year  

Winter  wheat  -‐  assessment    GS  73-‐75      

Yellow  rust    

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

2008 - severe yellow rust in former resistent varieties Tulsa and SW Gnejs

Tulsa 4th May 2008

•  New race?? •  Which varieties can be susceptible?

•  Cooperation agreement with MS Hovmøller, Aarhus University •  Investigate yellow rust races •  Test “swedish” varieties for YR susceptibility to recent

races in inoculated field trials

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Yellow rust races 2008 Source: www.wheatrust.org

Tulsa race

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Middle of % severity Variety Robigus race Tulsa race Lynx race Akteur 22,2 19,7 20 Audi 0,0 0,0 0,0 Cubus 0,0 0,0 0,0 Ellvis 0,0 0,0 0,0 Hereford 0,8 0,0 0,0 IG Kerubino 21,4 4,8 (2,2) Kranich 0,0 0,0 0,1 Mariboss 0,0 0,0 0,0 Oakley 0,1 1.3* 0,6 Olivin 6,3 13,3 17,8 Opus 1,7 2,1 2,4 Skalmeje 6,4 0,0 (0,9) SW Gnejs 31,7 10,5 (1,6) Tulsa 25,3 36,4 28,6 Anja, control 25,3 36,4 28,6 Sleipner, control 67,5 (29,7) 60,6

Source: MS Hovmøller Aarhus University

Yellow rust susceptibility to recent races in inoculated field trial 2009

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

2011 severe yellow rust in former resistent varieties Kranich and Audi – new race again?

November 2011

Teliospores May 2012

November 2011

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Very YR susceptible winter wheat varieties – Sweden total (%) of approved seed acreage

Scania 2008 – susceptible varieties Tulsa and SW Gnejs > 50 % wheat area

0  

5  

10  

15  

20  

25  

2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014   2015  

Kranich   Audi     Cumulus   Tulsa   SW  Gnejs  

source: Swedish Board of Agriculturell

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Yellow rust races Sweden 2008-2014 Source: www.wheatrust.org

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Triticale - Yellow rust – monitoring
East ern part of Sweden - Östergötland, Södermanland, Närke 
Source: Jordbruksverket, Växtskyddscentralen, Linköping

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

94   95   96   97   98   99   00   01   02   03   04   05   06   07   08   09   10   11   12   13   14   15  

A.acked  leaves,  %

 

Year    

TriJcale    -‐  assesment  GS  65-‐  75    

Predominating varieties 2009-2010 Dinaro and Cando very suspectible to aggressive triticale race

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Triticale – increased problems 2015

Ear attack common

Picture from western part of Sweden, June 2015

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Spring wheat - yellow rust monitoring
south ern Sweden 
Source: Jordbruksverket, Växtskyddscentralen, 
Alnarp

All grown varieties susceptible , Monitoring 10-15 plots /year

0

20

40

60

80

100

20 22 31 33 39 43 47 55 61 65 71 75

Atta

cked

leav

es ,

%

Growth stage , GS

Development of yellow rust during seasons 2011-2015

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Winter wheat - variety trial – severe yellow rust

Söder-köping 2012

Kalmar 2012

Scania 5 trials 2014

Variety Yield increase

tonnes/ha

Yield increase

tonnes/ha

Yield increase

tonnes/ha

Kranich 2,67 3,16 2,95

Audi 5,35 5,76 7,06

Cumulus 7,22 7,19 7.17

Treatment: GS 31 Flexity 0,25 + Tilt Top 0,25

GS 39 Proline 0,4 + Comet 0,25 + Sportak 0,5 GS 59 Proline 0,4

Söderköping

Kalmar

Scania

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Approved fungicides in cereal, Sweden 2015

Frac code

Mode of action Active substance Product name Mixtures product

11 Strobilurins (Qol) Azoxystrobin Picoxystrobin Pyraclostrobin

Amistar/Mirador Acanto Comet/Comet Pro

3 DMI-fungicides

Difenoconazole Propiconazole Prothioconazole Prochloraz

Tilt/Bumper/Bolt XL Proline Sportak

Armure Stereo, Armure

5 Morpholines Fenpropidin Fenpropimorph

Tern Forbel

9 Anilino-pyrimidines Cyprodinil Kayak Stereo

1 MBC-fungicides Thiophanate-methyl Topsin

U8 Benzophenone Metrafenone Flexity U6 Phenylacetamide Cyflufenamid Upstream

7 SDHI No SDHI approved in cereals

Plant Protection Centre Alnarp

Yellow rust - Conclusions

•  Resistant varieties most efficient way to control the disease

•  New yellow rust race can appear quickly, important to follow development

•  Monitor crops regulary

•  Under very favourable circumstances can disease appear also in less susceptible varieties (2015 e.g. Hereford, Julius, Praktik)

•  Control of susceptible varieties needs several fungicide treatments (GS 30-59).

•  Established attacks of yellow rust are very difficult to control