Hebrews• Theme: Geography• Theme: Politics

– Slide 1– Slide 2– Slide 3

• Theme: Religion– Slide 1– Slide 2

• Theme: Society & Culture– Slide 1– Slide 2

Theme: Geography

I. Located between Egypt & Mesopotamia

2R

Theme: PoliticsI. Abraham

A. God told Abraham to leave Mesopotamia & made a covenant1. promised a new land 2. promised descendents would be a mighty nation

B. Settled in Canaan1. Famine2. Moved to Egypt3. Pharaoh made Hebrews slaves

3R

II. Moses

A. 1200 B.C.

B. God told Moses to lead Hebrews out of Egypt

1. Demanded the Hebrews be freed from slavery

2. Plagues or disasters struck Egypt

3. Led Hebrews out of Egypt – the Exodus

Theme: PoliticsC. Mt. Sinai

1. God gave Moses two stone tablets2. Ten Commandments - moral laws

D. Return to Canaan1. wandered for 40 years2. conquered Canaan and settled down3. became Israelites4. no central government

III. Kings Unite the IsraelitesA. Saul – first king of Israel (mid 1000’s B.C.)B. David – established capital of Israel in JerusalemC. Solomon – built a great temple to God in Jerusalem (965 B.C.)

IV. Scattering the JewsA. Chaldeans captured Jerusalem – Babylonian Captivity!B. Destroyed Solomon’s temple – 586 B.C.C. Diaspora

3R

Theme PoliticsV. Women in Hebrew Society

A. Obey father & husbandB. Husband chosen by fatherC. Queen Esther & Judge Deborah – political & military

leadersD. Ruth – model of devotion to one’s family

VI. Jewish RevoltA. Foreign rule was a threat - RomeB. Zealots – rebellious Jews who refused to obey Romans & wanted to overthrow Roman ruleC. First Revolt – A.D. 66-70

1. Romans ruined Jerusalem, burned the Second Temple, & ended revolt

2. some Zealots locked themselves in Masada, captured in A.D. 73

3. Jews taken as slaves, thousands left JerusalemD. Second Revolt – 60 years after Masada

1. Roman Army defeated Jews2. Jews punished – killed 3. Romans took over Jerusalem – banned Jews4. Jewish migration throughout Mediterranean region

3R

Two Perspectives on the Ten Commandments

Creative Writing – Politics Left Side

Perspective #1: Imagine being an Ancient Hebrew in the crowd at the end of The Prince of Egypt movie. Using first-person perspective, describe how you would have felt towards the Ten Commandments. (Think: Ancient Hebrews were just freed from slavery in Egypt by the leadership of Moses and his faith in God.)

5+ sentences

Perspective #2: Imagine that Moses could visit modern civilization. Using first-person perspective, describe how Moses would feel about modern civilizations and how the Ten Commandments are or are not being followed.

5+ sentences

Theme: ReligionI. Judaism

A. Belief in justice and obedienceB. Monotheism (belief in 1 god)C. Education

II. The TorahA. Five booksB. Most sacred text of JudaismC. History of JewsD. Every synagogue (house of worship) has a TorahE. One of 3 parts of the Hebrew Bible (Tanach)

1. messages from prophets

2. poetry, songs, stories, lessons, & history

4R

Theme: ReligionIII. The Talmud

A. book of commentaries about the Torah and Hebrew Bible B. Contains stories, folklore, and discussions – explains history & laws

IV. Dead Sea ScrollsA. Found in 1947B. Writings by Jews between 100 B.C. – 50 A.D.C. Tells historians about daily life around 2,000 years ago

Judaism Influenced Western Culture Judaism Shaped Christianity and influenced Islam

Ten Commandments are a guide for livingWestern Cultures honor the Sabbath

People give to charities to help poor and needy

V. RabbiA. Religious leader, teacher, interprets TorahB. Yohanan ben Zaccai – started tradition

4R

Theme: Society & Culture

I. HebrewsA. 2000 and 1500 BCB. Southwest AsiaC. Simple herdersD. History from Bible (Hebrew Bible, Christian Old & New Testament)

II. Lasting Cultural TraditionsA. Ashkenazim 1. Jewish culture in France, Germany, eastern Europe

2. developed customs & Yiddish language B. Sephardim

1. Jewish culture in Spain & Portugal2. developed Ladino language3. mixed Jewish & non-Jewish traditions4. Golden age of Jewish culture in AD 1000’s and

1100’s (poetry, math, science)

5R

Theme: Society & CultureC. Hanukkah

1. holiday honoring rededication of Second Temple

2. during December

D. Passover1. Jews remember the Exodus

E. High Holy Days1. Rosh Hashanah

a. celebrate Jewish New Year2. Yom Kippura. holiest day of entire yearb. ask God to remove sins

5R

Society & Culture Left Side

Describe the pattern that is repeated throughout the Hebrew’s history. (Hint: Re-read your Politics notes.) Is the impact of the Diaspora overall positive or negative for the Hebrews and the Jewish religion? Explain your reasoning.

5+ sentences