Hi-tech Survey Operation using ModernTechnologies: Concept & Process Flow

Presented bySri Biswaranjan RathAsst. Director ,CLRBoard of Revenue,Odisha

Limitations of present system of surveying

Survey operations are not regular- gap betweenrecords and field realityAssociated with human errorsOut dated method- Low level of accuracyAreas above 10 degree slope can not be surveyedTime consuming- gap between measurement takenand final outputMaps in paper form- difficulty in updation

Need of Re-survey

Mis-match between the land records data andthe actual ground condition with efflux of time.Non-updation of cadastral maps reflecting thechanges in land use/rights.Geographical factors such as change incourse of rivers and streams andsubmergence/ resurgence of land.Loss of records due to negligence or naturalcauses.

Advantages of re-survey using moderntechnologies

Maximum use of machines-errors due tohuman factors in survey and map preparationare negatedAvailability of modern techniques which aremore accurate, less time consuming and costeffective.Coordinate based ground control points- nofear of misplacement.Final output in digital form- further updationwill be easier.

Methodologies

• Pure ground method using ETS & DGPS.• Hybrid method using Aerial Photography

and ground truthing by ETS & DGPS.• Hybrid method using High Resolution

Satellite Imagery and ground truthing byETS & DGPS.

Steps for undertakingHi-tech survey operation

using Hybrid methodology

Establishment of Ground Control PointNetwork Primary GCPs- 16 km x 16 km

Secondary GCPs- 4 km x 4 km

Tertiary GCPS- 1 km x 1 km

Primary and Secondary GCPs have permanent value and

hence need to be preserved.

Revenue field officers at Grass root level ( all RIs and all

Tahasildars) need to be familiarizes themselves with those

GCPs. The local people must be taken into confidence for their

proper preservation in future. In case of any dislocation of those GCPs, the same need to be

re-errected immediately.

Acquisition of Stereo Satellite Data/ AerialPhotographs

Satellite data need to be procured from National Remote

Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. In other case the aerial

photographs need to be taken by low flying aircrafts

loaded with GPS and high resolution camera.

Raw image need to be converted into Ortho-image.

Geo-referencing of mosaiced digitalcadastral sheets

Existing cadastral sheets need to be digitized andmosaiced.

The digitized cadastral map sheets need to be madeavailable to the vendor.

The vendor will use the digitized cadastral map fordelineation of village boundaries on ortho-image

SCANNED CDASTRAL SHEETS OF A VILLAGE

Mosaicing of digitized sheets

Delineation & Confirmation of VillageBoundary on Orthoimage

Digitization of existing cadastral maps i

Identification of Bijunction/Trijunction Points / prominentfeatures on the digitized cadastral maps

Collection of DGPS Based Point Coordinates & identificationof Permanent features on the Ortho-image

Superimposing digitized cadastral maps on the Ortho-imageand Geo-referencing

Transfer of Village Boundary to Orthoimage

Selection of Boundary Plots & Marking of Village boundary

Delineation of Village Boundary & adjustment if necessary

Confirmation of Village Boundary

Delineation & Confirmation ofVillage Boundary on Orthoimage

Identification of Bijunction & Trijunction points onground & image. Identification of boundary plots andselection of outer limits to generate village boundary

Comparison of village area of cadastral map,ortho-image and RoR data

Maximum tolerable limit – 2% between differentsources of village area

For the purpose, RoR data should be up to date In case of variation (above 2% tolerable limit) field

survey is necessary for boundary demarcation. Field survey is necessary if the village boundary

falls under obscure areas or incase large scalevariation in the village boundaries.

The area obtained from filed survey will be treatedas final

Digitization of parcels from ortho-imageand identification of obscure areas

The vendor shall undertake digitization of individualparcels and features on mirror principle as clearlyvisible in the ortho image.The parcels on records of the Governmentdepartments shall be delineated based on theexisting cadastral sheets and shall be frozen.The vendor shall identify plots under obscure areasand shall submit to ORSAC for authentication.The plot wise authenticated obscure areas of eachvillage shall be made available with DLR&S who willtransmit the same to district collector for onwardstransmission to the Tahasildar concerned

Plot Level Vectorisation and MapGeneration from Ortho Image

Vectorisation of plots byonscreen digitisation methodusing Autocad

Identification of obscured areas onthe orthoimage

PLOT VECTOR EXTRACTED FROM IMAGE

Obscuredareas

Obscuredareas

DIFFICULT/PROBLEM AREAS ENCOUNTEREDDURING PLOT LEVEL VECTORISATION FROM

ORTHO IMAGE

PLOT BOUNDARY UNDER GROOVES

AREAS ON URBAN FRINGE WTHPLOTTING

VILLAGE BOUNDARY OBSCURED CONSTRUCTION SITES

SETTELMENT/HABITATIONAREAS

CORNER VERTICES OBSCURED

Vegetated Area

Plot Vertices/Nodes Obscured by Tree

Plot Boundary not Clear

Plot Boundary not Clear in Habitation Areas

Validation of image derived parcelvectorsRandom selection of 5% of plots clearly visible in image anddigitized by the vendor.

Field measurement of dimensions of those plots andcomparison with corresponding image derived dimensions

Fresh look at digitization of all parcels if measurementvariation will be beyond 20 cm .

Repetition of the process till desired level of accuracy isachieved

Pre-Survey activities

Notification of villages to be covered under Hi-tech surveyoperation by Revenue & DM Department

Planning and execution of awareness meetings at villagelevel associating the vendor

Proclamation in Form No.1 by Tahasildar under Section-3 (2)of OSS&S Act, 2012

Soliciting self-declaration in Form-2 from the land ownersRule 6 (1) of OSS&S Rules, 2012 within 30 working days

from the date of notification

Verification of self-declaration by Tahasildar/ AdditionalTahasildar and preparation of verification certificate in Form-3

Survey Planning All Gharabari (Habitation) areas, obscured areas, inter-

state boundaries, village boundaries difficult to interpretfrom ortho-image and 5% randomly selected imagederived plot shall be put to DGPS/ETS survey.

Vendor must submit its manpower and equipmentresources for to District Administration for appropriateplanning

Detail Tahasil wise survey schedule in Form No. 1 (T)with approval of Collector for publication at District/Tahasil and village level.

Village wise survey schedule in Form No. 2 (T) must benotified in the concerned village at least 10 days beforecommencement of survey.

Involvement of local people and local officials of landowning departments must be there.

Execution of DGPS/ETS surveyEach survey team should comprise at least one surveyor and

one assistant surveyor.Survey team is to be assisted by one Amin/ARI of local

Tahasil and land owners of the programmed village duringsurvey.Local officials of other land owning departments may help the

survey agencies in identification of boundaries of landparcels owned by those departments.All survey should be done with reference to nearby GCP.

Auxillary point if necessary can be taken the co-ordinate ofwhich should be provided to DLR&S.Ghrabari areas must be surveyed section wise and in each

section survey should start and end in one control pointThe plot wise survey schedule has to be authenticated by the

concerned Tahasildar before integration of survey vectors tothe map.

Plot Level Map Generation afterIntegration of field survey data

VECTOR FROM IMAGE

VECTOR FROM FIELD

Linking of Existing RoR

&

Addition/Updation of RoR ThroughTenant Interaction/ Data

Collection from Tahasil Office

Plot Vector Extracted from Image with PlotNumber from RoR/cadastral maps

Comparison of Plot Area those of Image derivedand RoR

AREA OFPLOT

MAPPEDFROM IMAGE

AREA OFPLOT AS

RECORDED INROR

Preparation of preliminary RoR

Submission of map so prepared by the vendor toTahasildar for verification indicating plot numbers of

existing map/RoR and a comparative statement of imagederived parcel area with RoR area in Form 6-T

Constitution of team of persons by Sub-Collector forpreparation of Preliminary RoR headed by a Revenue

Supervisor

Preparation of abstract of RoR and plot register in Form-5 & 6

Re-verification of self-declarations with reference toabove abstract and plot register and available records

Physical verification of all plots and noting of all changesin respect of configuration, area, boundaries andownerships

Vendor personnel shall assist the team of persons indemarcation of plots during the process

Team of persons must ensure incorporation of all plots inexisting RoR and those obtained from self declarations inthe draft map so prepared

Sub-divided plots need to be marked in broken lines

Digital updation of village map upto a cut-off date i.e. tillpublication of draft RoR by Tahasildar

Preparation of land owner wise preliminary RoR in Form-7

Generation of LPM of hal plots and serving of same to landowners and officers of other Departments in Form-4(T)with display for public scrutiny for 15 days

Soliciting claims and objections within 15 days in Form-8

Disposal of all claims and objections by Tahasildar in asummary manner within a maximum period of 30 workingdays of receipt of the same ( Rule-10)

The vendor surveyor shall assist the Tahasildar fordisposal of objection cases which may require parcelmeasurement

A4 SIZE MAP GENERATION FORTENANT INTERACTION

Grievance Hearing by Tahasildar and RoR/Map Finalization

DEMARCATION OFGOVT. PROPERTY

ROR CORRECTION

BOUNDARY DISPUTECLEARANCE

SINGLE PLOTNOT TWO

SINGLE PLOTNOT TWO

NO SUBDIVISIONSINGLE OWNERSINGLE PLOT NOT TWO

ONE PART UNDERWATERING

BOUNDARY UNDERCANOPY COVER

Draft Record of Rights

Draft RoR shall be prepared in Form-12 stating the orderspassed in respect of claims and objections and shall be

published for a period of 30 days (Rule-12)

Issuance of public notice in Form-13 inviting claims andobjections within a period of 30 days

Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner byAddl. Sub-Collector on the basis of available records,documentary evidence and spot verification if neededwithin 60 days of filing of such claims/objections

RecessAddition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orders

passed by Addl. Sub-Collector

Addition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orderspassed by Addl. Sub-Collector

Checking and verification of area of each plot and area andboundaries of each revenue village to ensure its correctness

both in RoR and in maps.

Passing of new area by Tahasildar

Preparation of abstract of new RoR in Form-18 and new plotRegister in Form-19

Preparation of copies of RoR in quadruplicates for finalpublication

Final Record of RightsFinal RoR will be published in Form-20 under seal and

signature of Collector and shall be placed for public inspectionfor 30 days

Both soft & hard copies shall be prepared by the vendor fordistribution among land owner,RI, Tahasildar, Collector and

DLR&S

Any person can file claim/objection against the entries of finalRoR within 90 days of publication of final RoR before the ADM

Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner byADM on the basis of available records, documentary evidenceand spot verification if needed within 90 days of filing of suchclaims/objections

After geo-referencing of existing cadastral maps withimage for delineation of village boundary

After plot vector generation and prior to groundtruthing: geometry of parcels and village boundary

Before submission of draft map to Tahasildar forverification after ground truthing: village incompleteness correctness of matched/ mis-matchedplots as identified by the vendor after linkage of RoR

Before submission of final RoR after khanapurioperation,dispute resolution : vector database,mapcomposition and GIS database

Quality Checking by ORSAC

Challenges

• Involvement of private parties in surveyoperations.

• Different from traditional methods ofsurvey.

• Technologies are new to revenue fieldfunctionaries.

• Participation and acceptance of generalpublic is necessary.

Supports and assistanceOdisha Special Survey & Settlement Act, 2012and corresponding RulesTechnical Manual for cadastral survey usingmodern technologiesExecutive Instructions to be issued by Govt./DLR&S, OdishaManuals for manner of recording Govt. landand private land during survey operationsState level Technical Committee for advice anddoubt clearanceRevenue & DM Department for furtherclarification

Thank you