History and Colonial life in the Philippines during the

History and Colonial life in the Philippines during the AmericanAmerican colonial policyThey promised to train the Filipinos in democracy and self-government. They want the Philippines to stand on its own as a free and independent nation.They shared power with the Filipinos in the government. Human Rights were protected. They developed the economy, improved hygiene and sanitation, and introduced the public school system.American Colonial GovernmentMilitary Government(August 1898-July 1901)Gen. Wesley MerrittGen. Elwell OtisGen. Arthur MacArthurCivil Government (july 1901-August 1902)The Philippine CommisionThe american Gov. Gen. Together with the Philippine Assembly or the Philippine LegislatureThe commonwealth of the PhilippinesContributionsEconomic Progress:Population ExplotionNew Land PolicyFriars land were sold to Filipino farmersHomestead Act of 1924 allowed Filipinos to own up to 24 hectares of public landTorrens titles were given to land ownerFree trade AmericaImprovement of Transportation and CommunicationsEconomic ProblemsWe sold our raw materials cheap and bought expensive manufactured goods from america.Colonial mentalityAmerican capitalists and businessmen controlled the new companiesFrom Commonwealth to RepublicThe Commonwealth of the PhilippinesAfter the Filipinos lost the war to the Americans in 1901, they did not stop fighting for independenceThe Filipinos carried on the fight in three ways:Theater and LiteraturePeasants revolts and communist party of the PhilippinesPeaceful pressure by the Filipino politicians ending the establishment of the commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. (Political Campaign for independence)Freedom Theater and LiteratureTagalog zaruelas became popular(1902-1905)Banned by the americans.Tagalog writers wrote about the sufferings of the peopleLope K. Santos wrote Bannag at Sikat in 1935Amado V. Hernandez was both writer and labor leaderPeasant Revolts and Communist PartyPeasant Revolts in Surigao, Nueva Ecija, Iloilo, Negros Occidental, Pangasinan, Laguna and BulacanSakdalitas: peasant revolt that took place in 1935Benigno Ramos: a popular writer and orator who founded the newspaper and a political party named SakdalThe Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)Founded in Manila by Cristano Evangelista on August 1930In 1931, they organized labor strikes throughout the countryPolitical Campaign for IndependenceAfter World War I, Filipino politicians united to campaign for intermediate Philippine IndependenceSend independent missions in the US from 1919-1935 in the hope of urging the American Congress to grant independence to the PhilippinesIn 1932, the US Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law. It was the first Philippine Indipendence law passed by the US.Political Campaign for IndependenceBut the HHC law did not push through. Osmea & Quezon quarreled over it in the Philippine Legislature.Political debate took place between the group of senate president Manuel Quezon who were in favor of the HHC Law against the Anti- HHC Law headed by Osmea & Roxas. This marked the split of the Nacionalista PartyThe HHC Law was rejected by the Philippine Legislature in October 17, 1933Political Campaign for IndependenceIn 1934, US Congress passed the Tydings- Mcduffie LawA transition government run by Filipinos would be established. This was the commonwealth of the Philippines.1935 Philippine ConstitutionJuly 10, 1934. 202 delegates were elected to a constitutional conventionThe delegates met for the first time on July 30, 1934Claro M. Recto was elected as convention presidentOn February 08, 1935, the new constitution was approved by the majority of the delegatesMarch 23, 1935 Pres. Franklin Roosevelt signed the constitutionThe 1935 Constitution was ratified by the Filipino people in a plebiscite on May 04, 1935This constitution serve as the commonwealth of the Philippines (Third Republic)Commonwealth of the PhilippinesSeptember 17, 1935: the first national election was heldManuel Quezon won as president and Sergio Osmea as Vice presidentNovember 15, 1935, the commonwealth was inaugurated in LunetaManuel Quezon was re-elected for another term on November 1941Commonwealth of the PhilippinesThe commonwealth of the Philippines existed from 1935-1946. It was semi independent government of the Filipinos under the American colony.