history of the americas - harrellshistory.us

History of the AmericasCh. 2

Nations and nation-building in the Americas, 1787-1867

02-1-Independence Achieved

Liberal vs. ConservativeModern Ideas

Latin American Ideas of the 18th & 19th Century

Interpret the graphicClaim: Although…because…therefore…

What is the difference between evolutionary and revolutionary change?

In you view which is preferable and why?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

02-2 The Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution

Balance of PowerAn important question facing the men drafting the US Constitution was creating a satisfactory balance of powers between the federal government and the states.Do you think the Constitution of 1787 achieved the right balance of powers?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Debate: Washington vs. JeffersonWashington believed Shay’s Rebellion showed conclusively that the Articles of Confederation were weak and needed revision. Jefferson disagreed and said the seriousness of the rebellion was being used as justification for giving more power to the federal government.Who do you support and why? Which level of government should have the most power?Claim: Although…because…therefore…


Bill of RightsWith reference to the US Revolution and philosophy of the Enlightenment period, why di you think Thomas Jefferson believed it essential that the constitution include a Bill of Rights? Do you agree with Jefferson?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Roger ShermanSherman was overshadowed by men like Washington, Hamilton, and Madison. Dose he deserve more credit?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

SlaveryWhat does the three-fifths compromise tell us about the slavery question in the US in 1780?

To what extent does the 3/5 compromise foreshadow the slavery debate and other slavery compromises such as the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act?Claim: Although…because…therefore…


Research EnlightenmentChoose one of these writers and analyze the contribution of their enlightened ideas to the Constitution of the US.Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, Bentham, SmithClaim: Although…because…therefore…

TerminologyExplain the following terms as they apply to a federal government:• Legislative• Executive• Judiciary• Separation of Powers• Checks and Balances• Separation of Church and

State• Bill of Rights


Sources:Source BWhat is Jefferson referring to with “I like the negative given the executive by a third of either house.”Document says…document shows…

What does Jefferson dislike about the new constitution?Document says…document shows…

Compare and contrast Source D and E in their view on taxation.Document says…document shows…

Evaluate Source A and D as justification for the Federalist positions.Document says…document shows…

Explain why and for what reasons these authors differed on the role and powers of the federal government.Claim: Although…because…therefore…

02-2 The Articles of Confederation and the US ConstitutionSources:Compare and contrast Source D and E in their view on taxation.Document says…document shows…



02-2 The Articles of Confederation and the US ConstitutionSources:



02-3 The rise and rule of the caudillos in Latin America

The Caudillo PhenomenonIn what ways and to what extent was the rule of Spain and, to a lesser degree, Portugal responsible for the political, economic, and social upheaval in Latin America during the 19th century that led to the emergence of caudillos?Listing

In what ways were local and regional issues, as well as geography, foreign intervention and centralism contributing factors?Claim: Although…because…therefore


Sources:1. What preconditions allowed

the caudillos to emerge?2. What were the dominate

characteristics of a caudillo?3. Speculate on why caudillos

did not become a permanent fixture in Latin America.

4. Why were caudillos most popular with the “folk”?

5. Why did South Americans support the caudillos initially?

Using the opinions of all three historians and the Latin American sources mentioned in the text, develop a profile of the caudillo.Claim: Although…because…therefore…


The caudillo and the ArtistExamine the two paintings of Paez and answer the questions.

What is the painter of the presidential portrait attempting to convey about Jose Antonio Paez?

Why do you think the lancers obey Paez and turn to face the hard charging Spanish cavalry despite being outnumbered almost ten to one? How do the painting support your claim?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Why was it important in wars of independence to portray leaders as heroes?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

02-4 The War of 1812

Research one of these two battles. New Orleans, Queenston Heights

1. Why did the respective sides win?

2. What was the actual contribution to the battle’s outcome of Jackson’s frontiersmen and Brock’s York volunteers?

Compare and contrast the myths, that is, what are the similarities and differences.

Speculate as to why these myths are important to the US and Canada?

Why are national myths important to building a nation’s identity?

What are the dangers inherent in such myths?

02-4 The War of 1812

The Use of EvidenceWhy do accounts of the same historical event differ?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Whose history do we study?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

History is not to make the present generation feel good but to remind us that human affairs are complicated.---Margaret MacMillan

The War of 1812 was the Second War for Independence.---Thomas Baily & David Kennedy

Men make their own history.---Karl Marx

Rebellions and RevolutionsContrast:Claim: Although…because…therefore

List the demands of the rebels and revolutionaries in the following insurrections. • Canadian Rebellions of 1837• Hidalgo Revolt, Mexico, 1810• Bahia Slave Rebellion, Brazil, 1835• Nat Turner Rebellion, US, 1831

02-5 Canada and the road to confederation, 1837-1867

Durham ReportBy advocating responsible government, was Durham agreeing with the demands of the rebels? Consider why he might have done so?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Do your agree with Durham’s assessment that the fundamental cause of the Rebellions was the racial divide between English and French Canadians?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Durham believed that it was “idle” to try and resolve the crisis until the deadly animosity between the English and French was terminated. How do you thing Durham proposed to do this? (Evidence in the Act of Union, 1840.)

Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Speculate as to why Canadian historians still consider Durham’s report controversial? (Focus on the

perspective of the French Canadians)

Claim: Although…because…therefore…

02-5 Canada and the road to confederation, 1837-1867

St. Patrick’s BattalionDavid Rovics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aKh160rzvQLyrics: https://genius.com/David-rovics-saint-patrick-battalion-lyrics

Why did new immigrants from Ireland join the US Army?

Where were the new Irish immigrants not taken in by Manifest Destiny?

Roundtable: Road to war or conflict resolutionWhy was the territorial dispute between the US and Britain over the Oregon Territory resolved peacefully?

Why did the disputer between the US and Mexico over Texas lead to war?

Discussion: What impact did the Mexican War have on the ethnic populations of the territories acquired?

How is their ethnic mix defined today?

02-6 The US-Mexican War of 1846-1848

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aKh160rzvQ

https://genius.com/David-rovics-saint-patrick-battalion-lyrics

Practical ImperialismLists for these conflicts• US expansion vs. Mexico, Canada/Nicaragua

• Argentina vs. Brazil War

• Chile vs. Bolivia/Peru

• Haiti vs. Santo Domingo

02-6 The US-Mexican War of 1846-1848

Sources……Document says… therefore document show… 02-6 The US-Mexican War of 1846-1848

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Discussion pointShould the US Government have stopped the Fenian’s from raiding Canada?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

Should the British have stopped Confederate soldiers from raiding St. Albans (Maine) via New Brunswick during the US civil war?Claim: Although…because…therefore…

02-7 Canada becomes a nation

We are the Fenian Brotherhood,Skilled in the arts of war,And we’re going to fight for Ireland,The land we adore.Many battles we have won,Along with the boys in blue,And we’ll go and capture Canada,For we’ve nothing else to do.

---Fenian soldier’s song.

Source ADocument says… therefore document show…

• Who does Mrs. Britannia represent and why and from what is she protecting Miss Canada?

• What response is the Cartoonist attempting to evoke from readers in his portrayal of the characters. In you answer reference the characterization of Cousin Johnathan, Mrs. Britannia, and Miss Canada.


Source BDocument says… therefore document show…

• Why does the cartoonist fear the “American Eagle?”

• What recent events could have fueled the fears of annexation?

• What is the origins, purpose and value of the source? What are its limitations?


Source CDocument says… therefore document show…

• Who to the haughty Children represent and why are they naughty?

• Cousin Jonathan and Brother Jonathan were the forerunners of Uncle Same. Why did British North America depict, characterize and caricature the US this way?


And Some naughty Children attempted to pawn their Mother’s Pocket-Handkerchief but are Arrested by Policeman Who was stationed around the corner.

Compare outcomes• Canada’s Metis peoples• Peru’s mestizos• Guatemala's ladinos• Venezuela's llaneros• Brazil’s mesticos• Brazil’s mulattos

Removals• Cherokees• Acadians (1755)• Argentine Indians 1833-1834• Scottish clearances (late 1700s)• Armenian 1916

02-8 The plight of Native Americans

Discussion Points

What advantages in access to resources did intermarriage offer for white trappers?

What challenges might acceptance of Christian marriages have had for native women?

What status was accorded to Metis or “half-breed” children?

02-8 The plight of Native Americans

French and Anglo Canadians lived mostly in the East. First Nations, or aboriginal Canadians, lived in Native Reserves, especially after Confederation in 1867. The spaces were mostly kept separate. As the fur trade caused more white male migration to the prairies and the Canadian West, intermarriage between white men and Indian women became more prevalent. Postcolonial scholarship has explored the mingling of spaces and peoples, particularly J.R. Miller in what has been called “native-newcomer relations.”

Sources……Document says… therefore document show… 02-8 The plight of Native Americans

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