I. Wilson's "New Freedom"A. Wilson won the Election of 1912

1. Beat Wm. Howard Taft and Theodore Roosevelt2. born in VA 3. wanted to expand powers of Pres. even more; wanted gov't. to have even more control over businesses and corporations

a. was/is this a good idea?B. Wilson regulates the economy:

1. wanted to attack "triple wall of privilege"a. tariffs, banks, trustsb. felt each was bad for small businesses, consumers

2. Congress lowers tariffs and raises taxesa. tariffs - protect big Am. businesses by raising prices on

imported goodsb. Underwood Tariff Act (1913) - lowered tariffs

* Wilson felt that now consumers could buy foreign goods if prices from Am. companies were too high* also created income tax - 16th Amend. gave Congress power to do this

C. Federal Reserve Act - 19131. created central authority to supervise banks in U.S.2. set up system of regional banks to hold and regulate reserves from commercial banks3. also regulates interest rates banks can charge

D. Wilson adds to antitrust regulation1. Created Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

a. monitor business practices that could lead to monopolyb. watch out for false advertising and dishonestyc. today, regulates buying and selling on internet

2. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)a. strengthened earlier antitrust laws

E. Protecting Workers' Rights1. Clayton Antitrust Act also said that labor unions could not be attacked as trusts

a. allowed workers to organize more freely2. Workingman's Compensation Act (1916)

a. gave wages to temporarily disabled civil service employees

3. Adamson Act (1916)a. limited railroad employees workdays to 8 hours

4. but, Wilson did not always support labor...a. 1914 - sent fed. troops to Colorado to break up a coal

miners strike

F. Progressivism's Legacy1. Did help to clean up some problems in America in early 20th century

a. corruption; consumers being treated unfairly; workers being treated poorly; discrimination; etc...b. idea still exists that gov't. can step in to help fix probs.

2. But...also gave gov't. much more control over people's livesa. gov't started making decisions usually made by private individualsb. how much government control is a good thing?

II. Wilson's "Moral Diplomacy"A. Wilson brought more anti-imperialist ideas to the White House

1. appointed anti-imperialist Wm. Jennings Bryan as Sec. of State

B. "Moral Diplomacy"1. U.S. will "never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest"2. seek understanding of other countries3. promote "human rights, national integrity, opportunity"

C. New way to deal w/ Lat. Am.1. understand what they want; even if it doesn't match w/what U.S. wants2. understanding would be key to developing friendship and spreading "constitutional liberty"

3. but, still used military to guide Lat. Am. in "proper direction"

a. sent marines to Haiti in 1915b. convinced gov't of Haiti to sign agreement which gave U.S. control of financial and foreign affairsc. marines did not leave Haiti until 1934d. U.S. soldiers also intervened in Dom. Rep. and Mex.

D. Revolution in Mexico1. for many years - dictator Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico

a. large pop. of farmers struggled2. 1911 - Francisco Madero led revolution that brought down Diaz

a. Madero was a weak leader3. 1913 - General Victoriano Huerta seized power & executed Madero4. Wilson refused to recognize Huerta as leader

a. "gov't of butchers"b. preferred Venustiano Carranza - a reformer who organized forces against Huerta

E. Wilson sends troops to Mexico1. 1914 - Mex. arrested U.S. sailors

a. Wilson sent marines to occupy Mex. port of Veracruzb. Huerta's gov't collapsed; Carranza became pres. of Mex.

2. Carranza's gov't. was slow to bring about reformsa. rebels rose again - led by Francisco "Pancho" Villa

3. Villa crossed into New Mexico in 1916a. raided town of Columbus and killed 18 Americansb. Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and 10,000 troops into Mex. to hunt down Villa

4. Pershing chased Villa for 11 monthsa. went 400 miles into Mex.b. clashed w/ Mexican armyc. first time - U.S. ground troops were supported by planesd. never caught Villa because...

5. 1917 - Wilson withdrew U.S. troops from Mexicoa. World War I was raging in Europeb. U.S. about to become involvedc. would be a big test of U.S. strength