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Bones of Bones of The LimbsThe Limbsdr. Dea Amandadr. Dea Amanda

The Axial & Appendicular The Axial & Appendicular SkeletonSkeleton

Slide 5.20b

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 5.6

Bones of the Upper Bones of the Upper LimbsLimbs

Tdd:• Gelang bahu:

clavicula, scapulafs: melekatkan tlg lengan ke rangka axial

• Bones of free upper limb– Humerus

(brachialis)– Radius & ulna (ante

brachii) – Carpal,

metacarpals, & phalanges (manus)

brachialis

antebrachium

Cingulum

pectorale

manus

Clavicula.Clavicula.

. .

= collar bone• “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward &

lateral 1/3 convex backward• Batas:

– Medial: sternum– Lateral: acromion

Tampak atas

Clavicula (D)

Corpus claviculae

Facies articularis sternalis

Facies articularis acromialis

Scapula.Scapula...

= tulang belikatBorders (3)• Margo Superior:

mengarah ke ujung bahu– Prosesus

coracoideus: tonjolan brbtk kait, fs: tempat prlekatan otot ddg dada & lengan

• Margo Lateralis mengarah ke lengan

• Margo Medialis paralel dg columna vertebralis

Margo superio

r

Proc. coracoide

us

Margo medialis

Margo laterali

s

Surfaces (2)• Facies Anterior

(a) (=costalis)

• Facies Posterior (b):– spina scapulae (c)

awal di margo vert, melebar saat dkt bahu, mjd:

– acromion (d) artikulasi dg clavicula

b

a

c

d

HumerusHumerus

....Anterior:• Upper end:

– caput humeri (a)msk ke dlm fossa glenoidalis skapula,

– collum anatomicum (b),

– collum chirurgicum (c) – tuberculum majus &

minus

Humerus (D) Tampak anterior

d

c

b

a

HumerusHumerus

....Anterior:• Corpus humeri:

– tuberositas deltoidea (d) perlekatan otot deltoid

• Lower end: – epicondylus lateralis

(e) & medialis (f) – fossa coronoidea (g), – fossa radialis (h)– Condylus humeri (i)

Humerus (D) Tampak anterior

d

c

b

a

e f

i

Humerus..Humerus..Posterior• Upper end: idem• Lower end:

epicondylus lateralis & medialis, fossa olecrani (*)

f e

*

Radius.Radius...

• Upper end: – caput radii, – collum radii, – tuberositas radii perlekatan otot

bisep

• Lower end: – processus styloideus (lateral), – facies articularis carpalis (inferior)

Fracture of the distal end Fracture of the distal end of the radius..of the radius..

Ulna.Ulna...• Upper end:

– olecranon (a)– Processus

coronoideus (b)– Incisura radialis (c)

• Lower end – Processus styloideus

ulnae (d)– caput ulnae (e)

a

cb

e

d

Carpal bones (8)• Proximal: (lateral medial) scaphoid,

lunate, triquetral & pisiform• Distal row : (lateral medial)

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

Metacarpal bones (5)• Numbered one to five from thumb to

little finger• Structure of each―base (proximally),

shaft, and head (distally)

Phalanges of fingers (14)• Consist of 14 ―two for first digit

(thumb) and three for each of other four digits

• Structure of each ―base (proximally), shaft, and trochlea of phalanx (distally), tuberosity of distal phalanx

Bones of the Lower Bones of the Lower LimbsLimbs

Composition: • Gelang panggul

(=cingulum pelvicum): os coxae• Bones of free lower

limb:– Femur in thigh – Patella (genu)– Tibia & fibula (cruris)– Tarsals, metatarsals,

phalanges (pedis)

Hip BoneHip Bone (=cingulum (=cingulum

pelvis)pelvis) = os coxae• Tdd 3 tulang (fused):

– os ilium, os ischium, os pubis

• Fungsi:– Transmisi BB ke tungkai

bwh– Melindungi organ2 pelvis &

abdomen

• Artikulasi:– Anterior: simfisis pubis– Posterior: dg sakrum

HIP BONE HIP BONE • Ilium

– Membentuk 2/5 bag. Acetabulum (a)

– Lempeng tulang lebar– Batas atas: crista iliaca– Ujung ant.krista: spina

iliaka anterior superior (SIAS) b

– Ujung post.krista: spina iliaka posterior superior c

a

c

b

Os ilium

• Ischium– Membentuk 2/5 bag. acetabulum

(posterior & inferior)– Menyangga saat duduk

– Ramus of ischium(a), ischial tuberosity(b)

• Pubis– Membentuk 1/5 bag. acetabulum

(anterior & inferior) – Menyatu dg pasangannya di

simfisis pubisTdd:– Ramus superior & inferior

mbentuk foramen obturatorium (#)

Os pubi

s

Os ischiu

m

#

a

b

Femur..Femur..=tulang pahaTerpanjangTerkuatTerberat

Femur (D) Tampak anterior

Femur (D) Tampak

posterior

Femur.. Femur.. (2)(2)

• Ujung proximal:– Caput femoris (a) – collum femoris (b)– trochanter mayor

(c)– trochanter minor

(d)

• Corpus femoris:– Linea aspera (e)

(post)

Femur (D) Tampak anterior

Femur (D) Tampak

posterior

a

b

c c

d

e

Femur.. Femur.. (3)(3)

• Ujung distal:– Condylus

medialis (a) & lateralis (b),

– facies patellaris (c) (anterior),

– fossa intercondylaris (d) (post)

– facies poplitea (e)

Femur (D) Tampak anterior

Femur (D) Tampak

posterior

b

e

cd

a

Fracture of the femoral Fracture of the femoral neck..neck..

Patella.Patella.

..

= tempurung lutut• triangular• Bagian:

– Basis patella– Apex patella– Facies anterior– Facies articularis

Tungkai Tungkai Bawah..Bawah..

Tdd:• Tibia

– Medial – > besar– Menyangga berat

badan

• Fibula – Lateral– ≠ Ikut menopang

berat badan– Fs: menambah area u/

perlekatan otot

Tibia

Fibula

Tibia..Tibia..• Proximal:

– Kondilus medialis (a)– Kondilus lateralis (b)– Tuberositas tibia (c)

(anterior) u/ perlekatan lig. patella

• Corpus tibia:– Krista tibia (d) (ant)

• Distal:– Malleolus medialis (e)

pergelangan kaki medial

Tibia (D) tampak anterior

Tibia (D) tampak posterior

b a

c

d

e

Fibula.Fibula.

..

• Proximal: – caput fibula (a)– collum fibula (b)

• Corpus fibula:– margo interosseus (c)

• Distal: – malleolus lateralis

(d) (dpt diraba di ankle)

Fibula (D) tampak lateral

a

b

c

d

Tarsal.Tarsal...

Tdd 7 tulang pendek, tersusun dlm 3 baris:

• Posteriortalus, calcaneus

• Intermediate navicular bone

• Anterioros cuneiforme mediale, intermedium, & laterale; os cuboideum

Metatarsal.Metatarsal.

. . • Tdd 5 tlg, numbered one to

five medial to lateral• Struktur: base (proximal),

shaft, & head (distal) in each

Phalanges of toes• Tdd 14―two for first toe

(hallux) and three for each of other four toes

TTHHAANNKK

YYOOUU!!!!