Identifying political and military Identifying political and military turning points of the Civil War and turning points of the Civil War and

assess their significance to the assess their significance to the

outcome of the conflictoutcome of the conflict

NCSCOS 3.03NCSCOS 3.03

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

Choice AssignmentChoice Assignment [Select one of [Select one of the following/One page minimum]the following/One page minimum]

[1] Write a [1] Write a 10 step10 step battle battle plan to defeat the North plan to defeat the North oror South in the Civil War.South in the Civil War.

[2] Write a one page letter [2] Write a one page letter home as a Union or home as a Union or Confederate soldier [or a Confederate soldier [or a battlefield nurse] battlefield nurse] explaining your explaining your experiences.experiences.

[3] Write a response to the [3] Write a response to the Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation as a slave or Southerner as a slave or Southerner [happy or angry]. Be [happy or angry]. Be descriptive.descriptive.

[4] Write an apology to [4] Write an apology to president Davis or Lincoln president Davis or Lincoln for your failure as a for your failure as a General [Lee, Grant, General [Lee, Grant, Jackson, McClellan, etc.].Jackson, McClellan, etc.].

[5] Describe your [5] Describe your assassination plan and assassination plan and escape as John Wilkes escape as John Wilkes Booth [describe your Booth [describe your motivation for doing what motivation for doing what you will do].you will do].

[6] Witness at Appomattox [6] Witness at Appomattox courthouse [describe what courthouse [describe what you heard and saw].you heard and saw].

Macro ConceptsMacro Concepts

ConflictConflict- Issues, - Issues, problems that can problems that can lead to fighting lead to fighting without compromise.without compromise.

RevolutionRevolution-A dramatic -A dramatic change in the way change in the way something is done.something is done.

LeadershipLeadership-The act of -The act of setting an example for setting an example for people to follow.people to follow.

Micro ConceptsMicro Concepts

Resistance to warResistance to war-Not -Not wanting to fight or wanting to fight or avoiding a military avoiding a military conflict.conflict.

Turning PointTurning Point-An event -An event that alters and changes that alters and changes the course of history.the course of history.

StrategyStrategy-a tactic or -a tactic or technique used to try technique used to try to win.to win.

The Union’s BlockadeThe Union’s Blockade To trap and apply pressure to the Confederacy President Lincoln To trap and apply pressure to the Confederacy President Lincoln

applied a applied a blockadeblockade of all major Southern ports: of all major Southern ports: WilmingtonWilmington, , CharlestonCharleston and and VicksburgVicksburg. .

The blockade strategy was designed to restrict supplies to the South.The blockade strategy was designed to restrict supplies to the South.

Small boats [blockade runners] were able to outrun large Union ships Small boats [blockade runners] were able to outrun large Union ships to provide supplies but much fewer supplies reached Southern ports.to provide supplies but much fewer supplies reached Southern ports.

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run In order to seize a key In order to seize a key railroad centerrailroad center in Manassas, Virginia President in Manassas, Virginia President

Lincoln ordered a full scale attack to capture the rail line along the Lincoln ordered a full scale attack to capture the rail line along the Bull Run Bull Run RiverRiver..

The early attack by Union troops was pushed back by Confederate troops led The early attack by Union troops was pushed back by Confederate troops led by by General Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonGeneral Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson..

Confederate troops were able to gain the advantage because of Confederate troops were able to gain the advantage because of reinforcements from Virginia. This was the first of a few key battles the reinforcements from Virginia. This was the first of a few key battles the Confederate army won.Confederate army won.

Lincoln’s internal problems and Lincoln’s internal problems and conflictsconflicts

CopperheadsCopperheads-Like the -Like the poisonous snake of the same poisonous snake of the same name this group of democrats name this group of democrats wanted to negotiate with the wanted to negotiate with the South instead of fighting.South instead of fighting.

ConscriptionConscription-Because of a lack -Because of a lack of willing troops both the North of willing troops both the North and South were forced to draft and South were forced to draft soldiers. If a person had $300 soldiers. If a person had $300 cash or had a willing substitute cash or had a willing substitute he could avoid conscription.he could avoid conscription.

Suspension of HabeasSuspension of Habeas CorpusCorpus--Lincoln held people in jail Lincoln held people in jail without trial for indefinite time without trial for indefinite time periods until they complied periods until they complied with laws.with laws.

Martial LawMartial Law-Lincoln sent soldiers to -Lincoln sent soldiers to enforce order where rioting or enforce order where rioting or disorder took place and suspend disorder took place and suspend civil rights such as legal counsel civil rights such as legal counsel and court appearances.and court appearances.

New Military TechnologiesNew Military TechnologiesReconnaissance balloonsReconnaissance balloons-These devices were -These devices were

used to track opposing armies from high used to track opposing armies from high above the battlefields.above the battlefields.

Conoidal bulletsConoidal bullets-Also known as the -Also known as the mini-ballmini-ball these devices improved the ability of soldiers these devices improved the ability of soldiers to hit enemies more accurately and from to hit enemies more accurately and from longer distances.longer distances.

IroncladsIronclads-Improved the ability of navies to -Improved the ability of navies to attack enemies and defend themselves from attack enemies and defend themselves from attack because of protective steel armor. attack because of protective steel armor.

TelegraphTelegraph-Allowed long distance communication -Allowed long distance communication between armies and commanders.between armies and commanders.

AntietamAntietam The The bloodiest bloodiest one dayone day battle battle of the Civil War. of the Civil War. General Lee’s confederate forces attacked the North in Maryland.General Lee’s confederate forces attacked the North in Maryland. Over 6,000 men were killed and over were 16,000 wounded.Over 6,000 men were killed and over were 16,000 wounded. This battle was This battle was devastating for the Southdevastating for the South and and invigorating for invigorating for

the Norththe North. .

VicksburgVicksburg The battle of Vicksburg was a key victory for the Union because it The battle of Vicksburg was a key victory for the Union because it

captured control of the Mississippi Rivercaptured control of the Mississippi River.. Southern tradeSouthern trade and and supply was chokedsupply was choked and almost completely and almost completely

cut off.cut off. General Grant laid General Grant laid siegesiege to the Confederate troops who were “dug to the Confederate troops who were “dug

in” by constant artillery bombing.in” by constant artillery bombing. After 6 weeks the Confederate soldiers who were still fighting After 6 weeks the Confederate soldiers who were still fighting

surrendered Vicksburg to General Grant. surrendered Vicksburg to General Grant.

GettysburgGettysburg The “The “last strawlast straw” or ” or last major standlast major stand for the Confederates who were for the Confederates who were

led by General Lee was attacking the Union army at Gettysburg, led by General Lee was attacking the Union army at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.

The result was a disaster for the Confederacy.The result was a disaster for the Confederacy. Altogether over Altogether over 51,000 men51,000 men were were killed killed or or woundedwounded [28,000 were [28,000 were

Confederates].Confederates]. The Union was motivated by an earlier battle loss at Chickamauga, The Union was motivated by an earlier battle loss at Chickamauga,

Georgia.Georgia. The Confederacy never recovered from the loss at Gettysburg.The Confederacy never recovered from the loss at Gettysburg.

Lincoln’s Gettysburg AddressLincoln’s Gettysburg AddressThis speech was delivered by President Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863 to This speech was delivered by President Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863 to

honor and declare the battle field as a national monument honor and declare the battle field as a national monument Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new

nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.shall not perish from the earth.

Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March

Union General Union General William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman was ordered to was ordered to finish off the Confederacyfinish off the Confederacy..

To end the war Sherman marched his army from Atlanta to To end the war Sherman marched his army from Atlanta to Savannah in Georgia then to Raleigh, N.C.Savannah in Georgia then to Raleigh, N.C.

He He destroyed rail linesdestroyed rail lines, , burnedburned buildings, homes and buildings, homes and arsenals.arsenals.

The remaining Confederacy was destroyed after The remaining Confederacy was destroyed after Sherman’s Sherman’s MarchMarch was done. was done.

General Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was, by the end of Grant was, by the end of the Civil War, the the Civil War, the lead lead general of the Uniongeneral of the Union..

He had been determined to He had been determined to destroy the Southern destroy the Southern rebellion at the orders of rebellion at the orders of President Lincoln.President Lincoln.

He became so popular for He became so popular for his military successes that his military successes that he was later elected he was later elected President of the United President of the United States.States.

General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. Lee Before the Civil War began he was so Before the Civil War began he was so

respected within the U.S. army he respected within the U.S. army he was asked to led the Union army.was asked to led the Union army.

He refused the offer because he was He refused the offer because he was a Virginian and was named leader of a Virginian and was named leader of the Confederate Military forces.the Confederate Military forces.

He took many bold risks and lost the He took many bold risks and lost the Civil War largely due to Northern Civil War largely due to Northern industrial and population strength.industrial and population strength.

He was He was forced to surrender to the forced to surrender to the UnionUnion at Appomattox Court at Appomattox Court House House in Virginia.in Virginia.

Union GeneralsUnion Generals Several union generals played important roles in the Union’s battles.Several union generals played important roles in the Union’s battles. President Lincoln had to fire several of them for lack of success in battles.President Lincoln had to fire several of them for lack of success in battles. McClellanMcClellan, , BurnsidBurnsidee and and HookerHooker were were all firedall fired by Lincoln for losing too by Lincoln for losing too

many men or making bad decisions.many men or making bad decisions. General Sherman was most well known for being aggressive and General Sherman was most well known for being aggressive and burning burning

Southern townsSouthern towns as revenge for seceding from the Union. as revenge for seceding from the Union.

General McClellan

General Burnside

General Hooker

General Meade

General Sherman

Appomattox Court houseAppomattox Court house

After General Lee realized his Confederate forces could not defeat superior After General Lee realized his Confederate forces could not defeat superior Union forces he decided surrender was necessary to avoid further Union forces he decided surrender was necessary to avoid further slaughter.slaughter.

Grant allowed Lee to Grant allowed Lee to surrendersurrender and and not be prosecuted for treasonnot be prosecuted for treason..

Confederate soldiers wereConfederate soldiers were allowed to return homeallowed to return home with their horses. with their horses.

Election of 1864Election of 1864 Because of the success of the Union during the Because of the success of the Union during the

end of the Civil War Lincoln was re-elected.end of the Civil War Lincoln was re-elected.

Lincoln was also able to push through the Lincoln was also able to push through the 1313thth AmendmentAmendment which officially ended slavery for all which officially ended slavery for all remaining slaves in the United States.remaining slaves in the United States.

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth John Wilkes a very popular actor from a prominent family who was John Wilkes a very popular actor from a prominent family who was

outraged by the defeat of his beloved South.outraged by the defeat of his beloved South. He along with several accomplices developed a plan to He along with several accomplices developed a plan to kill kill

LincolnLincoln and his cabinet. and his cabinet. Booth snuck up behind Lincoln during a play in Washington, D.C. Booth snuck up behind Lincoln during a play in Washington, D.C.

and shot him in the back of the head on April 14, 1865. and shot him in the back of the head on April 14, 1865. Lincoln diedLincoln died of the gunshot wound the next morning. of the gunshot wound the next morning.

Assassination of President Lincoln 4-14-1865

Choice AssignmentChoice Assignment [Select [Select twotwo of the following/One of the following/One page minimum]page minimum]

[1] Write an apology to General Lee or Grant apologizing for your failure as a soldier in a specific battle [be specific].

[2] Write an apology to President Davis or President Lincoln apologizing for your failure as a general in a specific battle [be specific].

[3] Draw a battle scene describing the use of telegraph, reconnaissance balloons, conoidal bullets or ironclad ships.

[4] Write a 6-panel cartoon strip describing the surrender agreement at Appomattox.

[5] Write a newspaper article describing the assassination of President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.

[6] Draw a detailed picture of a battle field at Vicksburg, Gettysburg or Antietam [be detailed].

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