evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life. ncscos 5.01 ap ush...

Evaluate the influence of Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid immigration and rapid

industrialization on urban life.industrialization on urban life.

NCSCOS 5.01NCSCOS 5.01AP USH Unit 16AP USH Unit 16

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

Macro Concepts Micro ConceptsMacro Concepts Micro ConceptsConflictConflict-problem or issue that is -problem or issue that is

controversial and can cause controversial and can cause problems without compromise. problems without compromise.

ChangeChange-the transformation of a -the transformation of a person, place or thing.person, place or thing.

InnovationInnovation-improvement and -improvement and advancement in the way advancement in the way something is done.something is done.

ReformReform-The method of fixing, -The method of fixing, improving and correcting improving and correcting [change for the better].[change for the better].

IndustrializationIndustrialization-the process of people -the process of people producing things using mass producing things using mass production and machinery.production and machinery.

ImmigrationImmigration-the process of mass entrance -the process of mass entrance into a new country to live permanently.into a new country to live permanently.

UrbanizationUrbanization-the process of living in high -the process of living in high population, high density cities. population, high density cities.

NativismNativism-political movement led by native -political movement led by native born white citizens who were born white citizens who were unfriendly to non-English speaking unfriendly to non-English speaking immigrants.immigrants.

Cultural pluralismCultural pluralism-concept that multiple -concept that multiple culture co-exist [live peacefully near culture co-exist [live peacefully near each other] in the same country.each other] in the same country.

Melting potMelting pot-the blending and mixing of -the blending and mixing of foreign cultures in order into one foreign cultures in order into one common culture.common culture.

Culture shockCulture shock-the feeling of surprise and -the feeling of surprise and awe connected to living in a new and awe connected to living in a new and strange place that is different from strange place that is different from where you came from.where you came from.

Coming to AmericaComing to America Millions of newcomers to the United states left Millions of newcomers to the United states left

their countries of birth for better lives.their countries of birth for better lives.

From the 1880s to the 1920s immigrants from From the 1880s to the 1920s immigrants from Western and Eastern Europe came in huge Western and Eastern Europe came in huge numbers to the U.S. through the numbers to the U.S. through the Ellis IslandEllis Island immigrant transfer station in New York immigrant transfer station in New York Harbor.Harbor.

Asian immigrants arrived through the Asian immigrants arrived through the Angel Angel IslandIsland in in San Francisco Bay, CaliforniaSan Francisco Bay, California..

Immigrants’ criminal and health records were Immigrants’ criminal and health records were checked in reference to their countries of checked in reference to their countries of origin.origin.

Immigrants deemed too sick or had deadly Immigrants deemed too sick or had deadly diseases were sent back to their home diseases were sent back to their home countries or countries or quarantinedquarantined [isolated] until [isolated] until they were well enough to join the rest of the they were well enough to join the rest of the population. population.


Immigrant Labor and WorkImmigrant Labor and Work Many of the new immigrants from Western and Eastern Europe were from the Many of the new immigrants from Western and Eastern Europe were from the

peasant classes [uneducated, unskilled] and often encountered discrimination and peasant classes [uneducated, unskilled] and often encountered discrimination and a language barrier.a language barrier.

Immigrant children often assimilated quickly but often spoke broken English.Immigrant children often assimilated quickly but often spoke broken English. Public school helped immigrant children with adjustment and assimilation.Public school helped immigrant children with adjustment and assimilation. Laborers often did Laborers often did piece workpiece work for local businesses manufacturing textiles sewing for local businesses manufacturing textiles sewing

[most often women and children]. Each item or “piece” was paid a price.[most often women and children]. Each item or “piece” was paid a price. Women also worked outside the home in Women also worked outside the home in sweatshopssweatshops in unsafe conditions for very in unsafe conditions for very

long hours at low wages.long hours at low wages.


Populations of major U.S. cities such as New York, Chicago and Philadelphia doubled Populations of major U.S. cities such as New York, Chicago and Philadelphia doubled from about 40 million in 1870 to about 80 million by 1900. Big cities were often very from about 40 million in 1870 to about 80 million by 1900. Big cities were often very crowded [densely populated].crowded [densely populated].

Streets were filled with vendors and domestic animals [chickens, horses, pigs] Streets were filled with vendors and domestic animals [chickens, horses, pigs] causing causing filthyfilthy and and unsanitaryunsanitary conditions. conditions. High crimeHigh crime was rampant. was rampant.

UrbanizationUrbanization of the United States concentrated large populations of people into of the United States concentrated large populations of people into citiescities. .

New immigrants such as Western Europeans [Italians and Jews] were drawn by the New immigrants such as Western Europeans [Italians and Jews] were drawn by the lure of industrial type jobs in factories.lure of industrial type jobs in factories.

Urbanization and City life


New Immigrants vs. Old New Immigrants vs. Old ImmigrantsImmigrants Old immigrantsOld immigrants-From the 1600s to early 1800s most of the people who -From the 1600s to early 1800s most of the people who

arrived as immigrants to the United States were from English speaking arrived as immigrants to the United States were from English speaking countries such as England, Scotland and Ireland. Many Germans and countries such as England, Scotland and Ireland. Many Germans and French came to the U.S. as well. The dominant religion was French came to the U.S. as well. The dominant religion was Protestantism.Protestantism.

New immigrantsNew immigrants from the mid-1800s to early 1900s did not speak English from the mid-1800s to early 1900s did not speak English and were mostly Catholic and Jewish.and were mostly Catholic and Jewish.

The differences between the two groups caused resentment and conflict.The differences between the two groups caused resentment and conflict. The Old immigrants wanted to preserve their language and culture and The Old immigrants wanted to preserve their language and culture and

preached preached nativismnativism [favoring and maintaining original America]. [favoring and maintaining original America].


Jane Addams and Settlement Jane Addams and Settlement HousesHouses Hull House was a community center in Chicago that was created to Hull House was a community center in Chicago that was created to

help newly arrived immigrants, especially women, transition to the help newly arrived immigrants, especially women, transition to the New World.New World.

Helped new comers cope with big city life and to learn English.Helped new comers cope with big city life and to learn English.

Provided cultural activities such as block parties, rent parties and Provided cultural activities such as block parties, rent parties and street festivals to raise money for the center and needy families.street festivals to raise money for the center and needy families.

Jane AddamsJane Addams provided free simple health care and job training for provided free simple health care and job training for women. Addams also advocated women. Addams also advocated against child laboragainst child labor and and sweat shopssweat shops..


Living conditions of city dwellersLiving conditions of city dwellers Cramped living conditionsCramped living conditions and and poor sanitation facilitiespoor sanitation facilities were common. were common. Dumbbell tenementsDumbbell tenements were designed to maximize space by using a vertical design were designed to maximize space by using a vertical design

[multiple floors] with long, narrow construction.[multiple floors] with long, narrow construction. Communal bathrooms often used by multiple families increased the chance of Communal bathrooms often used by multiple families increased the chance of

disease transfer and also created a lack of privacy for residents.disease transfer and also created a lack of privacy for residents. Early tenements also had Early tenements also had poor ventilationpoor ventilation [causing respiratory ailments] and poor [causing respiratory ailments] and poor

natural lighting due to a natural lighting due to a lack of windowslack of windows throughout [one room had window] the throughout [one room had window] the apartments. apartments.

Prior to introduction of Prior to introduction of fire escapesfire escapes deaths due to fire were common. deaths due to fire were common.


TransportationTransportation Electric trolleys were used to transport people through city streets on top of metal Electric trolleys were used to transport people through city streets on top of metal

tracks similar to those used by railroads.tracks similar to those used by railroads. Mass transit lines were expanded in major cities such as Chicago and New York Mass transit lines were expanded in major cities such as Chicago and New York

[powered by overhead electric power lines].[powered by overhead electric power lines]. Electric trolleys were eventually replaced by underground subways at the turn of the Electric trolleys were eventually replaced by underground subways at the turn of the

2020thth century. century. Public transportation allowed easy and cheapPublic transportation allowed easy and cheap transportation to work for poor citizens.transportation to work for poor citizens.


Inventions and Inventions and InnovationsInnovations

ElevatorsElevators-created to -created to transport people transport people vertically within multi-vertically within multi-story buildings in major story buildings in major cities such as Chicago cities such as Chicago and New York.and New York.

TelephonesTelephones-patented by -patented by Alexander Graham Bell it Alexander Graham Bell it gave people the ability to gave people the ability to communicate communicate inexpensively over long inexpensively over long distances.distances.

TypewritersTypewriters-gave -gave people ability to write people ability to write text in a faster and more text in a faster and more efficient manner. efficient manner. Newspaper and magazine Newspaper and magazine writers, as well as book writers, as well as book authors, used these authors, used these machines to share the machines to share the written word.written word.


Thomas EdisonThomas Edison The most influential and The most influential and

famous of all American famous of all American inventors.inventors.

He patented hundreds of He patented hundreds of inventions so he could inventions so he could receive payments.receive payments.

His most famous inventions His most famous inventions were the were the light bulblight bulb, , phonographphonograph and and movie movie recorderrecorder..

His inventions [especially His inventions [especially the light bulb] improved the the light bulb] improved the quality of life for Americans.quality of life for Americans.


Jacob RiisJacob Riis and and How the Other Half How the Other Half LivesLives Jacob RiisJacob Riis was an immigrant from Denmark. was an immigrant from Denmark.

He was a photo-journalist [photographer who He was a photo-journalist [photographer who told stories with photos] for New York City told stories with photos] for New York City newspapers.newspapers.

He published thousands of photos showing He published thousands of photos showing how immigrants lived in how immigrants lived in squalorsqualor [horrible [horrible poverty], unsafe and unsanitary conditions.poverty], unsafe and unsanitary conditions.

In 1890 he published a collection of his photos In 1890 he published a collection of his photos titled titled How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives showing how showing how the poorest of the urban poor lived.the poorest of the urban poor lived.


Spectator sportsSpectator sports Bare-knuckled Irish-American brawlers such as John L. Sullivan and Bare-knuckled Irish-American brawlers such as John L. Sullivan and

“Gentleman Jim” Corbett fought as prize fighters during the mid-late 1800s.“Gentleman Jim” Corbett fought as prize fighters during the mid-late 1800s. In 1892 the two pugilists [boxers] fought before more than 10,000 spectators In 1892 the two pugilists [boxers] fought before more than 10,000 spectators

in New Orleans.in New Orleans. Corbett defeated Sullivan handing the legendary Irish boxer his first and only Corbett defeated Sullivan handing the legendary Irish boxer his first and only

loss.loss. Championship Championship boxing matchesboxing matches were enormously popular in the early 1900s. were enormously popular in the early 1900s.


Spectator sportsSpectator sports Team sports became wildly popular with the advent of “Team sports became wildly popular with the advent of “basket ballbasket ball” ”

by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts and by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts and baseballbaseball by Alexander Cartwright in 1845 at Hoboken, New Jersey. by Alexander Cartwright in 1845 at Hoboken, New Jersey.

The popularity of the two sports sprang from the expansion of leisure The popularity of the two sports sprang from the expansion of leisure time among young American men. The desire to be competitive and time among young American men. The desire to be competitive and physically fit yet group oriented greatly enhanced the appeal of these physically fit yet group oriented greatly enhanced the appeal of these sports. The two “games” remain highly regarded to this day.sports. The two “games” remain highly regarded to this day.


Because Chinese workers were willing to work for extremely low wages [lower than other immigrants] lots of resentment was directed towards them.

Violent attacks on Chinese workers by white immigrants and poor whites took place in San Francisco and other cities

The U.S. Federal Government passed a law called the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 that banned Chinese immigration.


Amusement ParksAmusement Parks Entrepreneurs [business owners] created parks with exciting attractions Entrepreneurs [business owners] created parks with exciting attractions

such as rides and strange acts to attract people to pay admission fees.such as rides and strange acts to attract people to pay admission fees.

The most famous early American amusement park was Coney Island in The most famous early American amusement park was Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York. City residents could escape from city life for a time.Brooklyn, New York. City residents could escape from city life for a time.

The park contained rides, restaurants, hotels, circus acts, freak shows, The park contained rides, restaurants, hotels, circus acts, freak shows, beach and boardwalk [wooden road overlooking the seashore].beach and boardwalk [wooden road overlooking the seashore].


Frederick Law OlmsteadFrederick Law Olmstead City life wasCity life was stressfulstressful because of overcrowding, filth and crime. because of overcrowding, filth and crime.

Landscape architect Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmstead Frederick Law Olmstead was hired to design was hired to design public parks in large cities such as New York, Detroit and Chicago.public parks in large cities such as New York, Detroit and Chicago.

The purpose of public parks was to provide open spaces for recreation, The purpose of public parks was to provide open spaces for recreation, exercise and escape from the stress of city life.exercise and escape from the stress of city life.

New York City’s Central Park and Prospect Park were designed by New York City’s Central Park and Prospect Park were designed by Olmstead.Olmstead.


Image sourcesImage sources http://www.hauntedamericatours.com/toptenhaunted/toptenhauntedhouses/images/Th

omas_A._Edison.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_72HXHkZzbsg/TIkUs79-hbI/AAAAAAAAEOg/GR19TgMXxwU/s1

600/pff910Sweatshop-1890.jpg http://atp.cx/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Statue-of-Liberty.jpg http://chestofbooks.com/reference/Wonder-Book-Of-Knowledge/images/The-Story-In-Elevators-And-Es

calators-274.jpg http://www.controlcomm.com/assets/old-telephone.jpg http://shenews.projo.com/09/granville.jpg http://www.mediabistro.com/unbeige/files/original/Jacob%20Riis.jpg http://www.schrag.info/graphics/riis.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J-2UnBibq6Y/TJ37qa3rHUI/AAAAAAAAAMA/kkXQ4a1bUa8/s1600/Jacob+Riis

+court.jpg http://ksgaccman.harvard.edu/hotc/images/cache/olmsted_portrait.gif http://connectere.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/jane-addams.jpghttp://connectere.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/jane-addams.jpg http://www.hauntedhamilton.com/gotw_hullhouse2.jpghttp://www.hauntedhamilton.com/gotw_hullhouse2.jpg http://hhsapush.wikispaces.com/file/view/hull2.jpg/110589965/hull2.jpghttp://hhsapush.wikispaces.com/file/view/hull2.jpg/110589965/hull2.jpg http://www.ideachampions.com/weblogs/thomas-edison-birthday.jpghttp://www.ideachampions.com/weblogs/thomas-edison-birthday.jpg http://www.orangejuiceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Chinese-Exclusion-http://www.orangejuiceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Chinese-Exclusion-

Act.jpgAct.jpg http://www.starrtours.com/image_data/4703.jpghttp://www.starrtours.com/image_data/4703.jpg http://www.pmcaregivers.com/images/ConeyIsland1903.jpghttp://www.pmcaregivers.com/images/ConeyIsland1903.jpg http://www.dailyinfo.co.uk/boxads/gangsny.jpghttp://www.dailyinfo.co.uk/boxads/gangsny.jpg http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEjourney.JPGhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEjourney.JPG

evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life. ncscos 5.01 ap ush...

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