in situ conservation of traditional rice varieties of uttara...
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In Situ Conservation of Traditional Rice Varieties of Uttara Kannada
Gayatri H. Naik, C. Balachandran,M.D. Subash Chandran and T.V. RamachandraEnergy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore – 560 012.
IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL VARIETIESINTRODUCTION
Rice is an economically important food crop. It feeds nearly half the world’s
population and accounts for more than 50% of their daily calorie intake (Maclean
et al. 2002).
The world is losing genetic diversity of rice
Major reason for this loss is the steady replacement of native varieties with
high-yielding new varieties in large scale.
India: Land of genetic diversity of rice (100,000 local varieties) and about 90%
are feared to be lost
IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL VARIETIES
High diversity at genetic level.
Diverse qualities for rice- height of plant, colour, size, aroma, maturity and
habitat.
More fodder (5-7 ft height unlike new dwarf varieties).
Disease, pest, drought and flood resistance more.
OBJECTIVES•To trace out traditional varieties remaining in Uttara Kannada•To find out their special characters•To estimate number of traditional varieties in the district using field surveyand regression analysis for prediction of expected number in the district
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Altogether, a total of 181 rice varieties were inventoried from 232 villages,
during this survey. Of these, 101 varieties were traditional ones; 80 were
new varieties, considered high yielding.
Taluk-wise numbers found and numbers expected are presented in the
table:1
HABITAT SPECIALIZATIONS
For flood tolerance Eg: Neermulka; Mysore mallige;
Salinity tolerance Eg: Bili-kagga; Kari-kagga.
Drought tolerance Eg:Jeddkempi; One-kaddi.
Variable maturity periods: Halga, Jeddubatha (90 -100 days); Dibnasaala,
Figure 1: Map of Uttara Kannada district with 11 taluks
TaluksVillage covered
Rice varietiesTotal varietiesencountered
Expected traditional varieties
Traditional
New varieties
Total 232 101 80 181 492
Ankola 17 18 14 32 81
Bhatkal 16 14 15 29 45
Haliyal 20 15 12 27 92
are feared to be lostand regression analysis for prediction of expected number in the district Variable maturity periods: Halga, Jeddubatha (90 -100 days); Dibnasaala,
Bantwala (100 -120 days); Hegge, Aloorusanna ( 120 -140 days)
Table 1: Traditional rice varieties with expected varieties in 11 taluks of Uttara KannadaFigure 2: Trends of diverse traditional rice varieties in
Uttara Kannada
y = 0.3586x + 26.968
R2 = 0.928660
80
100
120N
o. o
f tr
adit
ion
al v
arie
ty
Haliyal 20 15 12 27 92
Honnavar 21 25 15 40 93
Joida 2 1 10 11 -
Karwar 11 9 10 19 45
Kumta 42 39 17 56 112
Mundgod 10 8 10 18 68
Sirsi 45 35 28 63 155
Yellapur 11 20 13 34 218
Siddapura 36 33 34 67 165
Ankola
25
Tra
dit
ion
al r
ice
va
rieti
esHaliyal
20
Figure 3: Village-wise diversity sampling trends regarding traditional rice varieties in 10 taluks of Uttara Kannada (after rarefaction)
Some traditional rice varieties in Uttara Kannada
R2 = 0.9286
0
20
40
60
0 50 100 150 200 250Village covered
No.
of
trad
itio
nal
var
iety
Mundgod
y = 0.7175x + 1.1873
R2 = 0.9847
0
2
4
6
8
10
Tra
dit
ion
al ri
ce
va
rie
ty
y = 0.8806x + 4.3154
R2 = 0.95
0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20
Village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al r
ice
va
rieti
es
Kumta
y = 0.8772x + 8.0093
R2 = 0.9641
0
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Tra
dit
ion
al r
ice
vari
ety
Haliyal
y = 0.6487x + 3.1784
R2 = 0.9567
0
4
8
12
16
0 5 10 15 20 25village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al
ric
e v
ari
ety
CONCLUSIONS
High landscape heterogeneity and strong in agriculture traditions make Uttara Kannada a stronghold of
genetic diversity of rice and other crops
The genepool of rice was neglected all the while and even the agriculture department does not maintain
data on local varieties
Widespread introduction of dwarfish new varieties, considered high yielding, is a major threat to rice
gene-pool.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12village covered
Sirsi
y = 0.6695x + 6.7266
R2 = 0.9673
0
7
14
21
28
35
42
0 10 20 30 40 50village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al ri
ce
vari
ety
Siddapur
y = 0.7857x + 8.3717
R2 = 0.9181
14
21
28
35
42
Tra
dit
ion
al
ric
e v
ari
ety
Honavar
y = 0.988x + 0.936
R2 = 0.9977
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al
ric
e v
ari
ety
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Village covered
Bhatkal
y = 0.6862x + 2.3832
R2 = 0.9747
8
12
16
Tra
dit
ion
al r
ice
vari
etie
s
A widely adapted and high yielding local variety
gene-pool.
New varieties are susceptible to high disease and pest attacks and marginally high yield is often
eclipsed by these drawbacks
Introduction of new varieties has caused fodder crisis in the district which is adversely affecting milk
production and availability of cattle dung for manure
We have predicted using the sample survey method and regression analysis the talukwise numbers of
local varieties available in Uttara Kannada; with nearly 500 expected varieties
0
7
0 10 20 30 40
Village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al
ric
e v
ari
ety
Yellapur
y = 1.6745x + 2.5527
R2 = 0.9838
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12Village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al
ric
e v
ari
ety
0
4
0 5 10 15 20village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al r
ice
vari
etie
s
Karwar
y = 0.7875x + 1.6273
R2 = 0.9746
0
3
6
9
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12Village covered
Tra
dit
ion
al
ric
e v
arie
ty