industrialization spreads ch 9.3. california standards 10.3.2- examine how scientific and...
TRANSCRIPT
California Standards
10.3.2- Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).
10.3.3- Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and the growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution.
10.3.5- Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.
10.4.1- Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism.
Warm-Up Industrialization Today
Name countries that are industrialized and developing.
Create a T-Chart like the example shown
Hint: industrialized countries have strong economies, while developing nations have weak economies
Industrialized Countries
United States Any European nation (Britain, France, Italy,
etc.) Australia Japan
Why do you think these countries industrialized?
Developing Countries
Most African nations Most Asian nations Many South American nations
Why do you think these nations have problems industrializing?
Industrialization Spreads
The industrialization that began in Great Britain spread to other parts of the world.
The Industrial Revolution (I.R.) in Great Britain set the stage for the growth of modern cities in other countries and encouraged a “global economy”
How?...The I.R. spread to countries that had conditions similar to those in Great Britain.
Why?...Eventually the I. R. spread to the U.S. and to continental Europe because other countries want to adopt the profitable new methods of manufactured goods.
Industrialization Spreads
Industrialization is going to spread to……– United States– Belgium– Germany– Other places in Europe based on region not
country Spain’s Catalonia Northern Italy Moscow, Russia
United States
The United States possessed the same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize
Rivers Rich deposits of coal and iron ore Supply of laborers
– Farm workers– Immigrants
United States Textile Industries
Industrialization began in the textile industry. Britain tried to keep the secrets of
industrialization to themselves However, Samuel Slater, a British mill
worker, emigrated to the U.S. and built a spinning machine
Moses Brown opened first factory in the U.S. housing Slater’s machines
United States Textile Industries
As inventions led to more innovations, Francis Cabot Lowell of Boston and a few others revolutionized the American textile industry.
They mechanized every stage in the manufacturing of cloth.
By late 1820s, Lowell, Massachusetts, had become a booming manufacturing center and model for other towns.
United States Textile Industries
Thousands of single young women flocked from their rural homes to work as mill girls in factory towns.
Now they made higher wages and had some independence
Worked more than 12 hours a day, 6 days a week, for decent wages
United States Industrial Expansion
Post Civil War technological boom– Wealth of natural resources
Oil, coal, iron
– Burst of inventions Light bulb and telephone
– Growing urban population Large market to consume goods
United States Industrial Expansion
Railroads p. 296– Allowed cities to expand rapidly– Cities were able to sell their products to the rest of
the country– Railroads became a profitable business and set
the standards for business in the U.S.
United States Industrial Expansion
Rise of Corporations– Building large businesses like the railroads required a lot of money.– Entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (shares of the business
ownership) to gain funding (capital)– The people who bought up the stock became part owners of these
businesses, called corporations (a business owned by stockholders who share in the profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.).
– Corporation were then able to gather large amounts of capital to invest in industrial equipment.
– In the late 1800s, companies like Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel Company sprang up and tried to control every aspect of their own industries in order to earn great profits.
Continental Europe Industrializes
European countries wanted to adopt the British profitable new ways of making manufactured goods.
Troubles sparked by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars delayed industrialization.
– Halted trade– Interrupted communication– Caused inflation in some parts of the continent
Belgium
Belgium led Europe in adopting Britain’s new technology
It had rich deposits of iron ore and coal
Waterways for transportation British carpenter, William
Cockerill, illegally made his way to Belgium with secret plans for building spinning machinery
His son built an enormous industrial enterprise in eastern Belgium.
Produced mechanical equipment, steam engines,
and railway locomotives.
Germany
Delayed Industrialization– Politically divided in the
early 1800s– Economic isolation– Scattered resources
Pockets of industrialization appeared
– Ruhr Valley of west central Germany
Around 1835, Germany began to borrow from the British.
– Imported equipment and engineers
Built railroads that linked its manufacturing cities with its natural resources
Economic strength led to military strength as Germany became a industrial and military giant
France
Sustained growth occurred after 1830 More measured and controlled than in other
countries because their agricultural economy remained strong.
Therefore, they avoided the great social and economic problems caused by industrialization.
Railroad construction after 1850 created a thriving national market for products.
Pockets of Industrialization
Bohemia (Czech Republic) developed a spinning industry
Spain’s Catalonia processed more cotton than Belgium
Northern Italy mechanized its textile production
Moscow (Russia) ran factories with serf labor
Obstacles to Industrial Growth
French Revolution and wars– Halted trade– Interrupted communication– Caused inflation in some parts of the continent
Political disunity– German Confederation
Social structure
Geographic problems– Austria-Hungary’s mountains halted railroads– Spain lacked both good roads and waterways for canals
The Impact of Industrialization
It increased competition between industrialized nations and poverty in less-developed
To keep factories running and workers fed, industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed lands.
Poor countries were viewed as markets for industrialized products
This led to many industrialized nations extending their rule over many less developed nations, a concept called Imperialism