InteractionInteraction

Jing LiJing Li

CPSC 533CCPSC 533C

March 3, 2003March 3, 2003

OverviewOverview

Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-Through Interface Through Interface (1993)(1993)

by by Eric A. Bier, Maureen C. Stone, Ken Eric A. Bier, Maureen C. Stone, Ken Pier, William Buxton, Tony D. DeRosePier, William Buxton, Tony D. DeRose

SDM: Selective Dynamic Manipulation of SDM: Selective Dynamic Manipulation of VisualizationsVisualizations (1995) (1995)

by by Mei C. Chuah, Steven F. Roth, Joe Mattis, John Kolojejchick

Toolglass and Magic LensesToolglass and Magic Lenses

The see-through interface that can appear The see-through interface that can appear as though on a transparent sheet of glass as though on a transparent sheet of glass between the application and the traditional between the application and the traditional cursor.cursor.

These tools create spatial modes that can These tools create spatial modes that can replace temporal modes in user interface replace temporal modes in user interface systems. systems.

IntroductionIntroductionToolglass widgetsToolglass widgets: semi-transparent interactive tools that : semi-transparent interactive tools that are used in an application work area, and appear on a are used in an application work area, and appear on a virtual sheet of transparent glass called a Toolglass virtual sheet of transparent glass called a Toolglass sheet.sheet.The user can line up a widget, a cursor and an The user can line up a widget, a cursor and an application object in a single two-handed gesture.application object in a single two-handed gesture.A widget that has been stretched across the entire work A widget that has been stretched across the entire work area creates a command mode.area creates a command mode.User can move sheet over application object or move the User can move sheet over application object or move the object to a widget (trackball can control both sheet and object to a widget (trackball can control both sheet and scrolling).scrolling).

Figure 1. Click-through buttons. (a) Six wedge objects. (b) Clicking through a green Figure 1. Click-through buttons. (a) Six wedge objects. (b) Clicking through a green fill-color button. (c) Clicking through a cyan outline-color button fill-color button. (c) Clicking through a cyan outline-color button

Introduction (Cont.)Introduction (Cont.)Many widgets can be placed on a single sheet Many widgets can be placed on a single sheet Widgets and lenses can be composed to create Widgets and lenses can be composed to create a number of specialized tools from a basic seta number of specialized tools from a basic set(e.g. an outline color palette over a magnifying (e.g. an outline color palette over a magnifying lens, to point to individual edges)lens, to point to individual edges)

Figure 2. A sheet of widgets. Clockwise from Figure 2. A sheet of widgets. Clockwise from upper left: color palette, shape palette, upper left: color palette, shape palette, clipboard, grid, delete button, and buttons clipboard, grid, delete button, and buttons that navigate to additional widgets that navigate to additional widgets

Figure 3. An outline color palette Figure 3. An outline color palette over a magnifying lens over a magnifying lens

Related WorkRelated WorkMulti-Handed InterfacesMulti-Handed Interfaces

Movable ToolsMovable Tools– Menus that pop up at the cursor positionMenus that pop up at the cursor position– Toolglass sheets can be moved without tying up the Toolglass sheets can be moved without tying up the

cursorcursor

Transparent ToolsTransparent Tools– Make menus over the work area transparentMake menus over the work area transparent

Viewing FiltersViewing Filters– Magic lenses are visual filters that may be used to Magic lenses are visual filters that may be used to

change type of views or reveal hidden information.change type of views or reveal hidden information.

ExamplesExamples

Shape and Property PalettesShape and Property Palettes

Figure 4. Shape palette. (a) Choosing a shape. (b) Placing the shape.

Figure 5. Font face palette. The word "directly" Figure 5. Font face palette. The word "directly" is being selected and changed to bold face. is being selected and changed to bold face.

Examples (Cont.)Examples (Cont.)

ClipboardsClipboards

Figure 6. Symmetry clipboard. Figure 6. Symmetry clipboard. (a) Picking up an object. (a) Picking up an object. (b) Rotated copies appear. (b) Rotated copies appear. (c) The copies are moved and pasted. (c) The copies are moved and pasted.

Figure 7. Fill-color rubbings.Figure 7. Fill-color rubbings. (a) Lifting a color. (a) Lifting a color. (b) Moving the clipboard. (b) Moving the clipboard. (c) Applying the color. (c) Applying the color.

Examples (Cont.)Examples (Cont.)

Previewing LensesPreviewing Lenses

Figure 8. An achromatic lens over a drop shadow lens over a Figure 8. An achromatic lens over a drop shadow lens over a knotwork. (Knotwork by Andrew Glassner) knotwork. (Knotwork by Andrew Glassner)

Examples (Cont.)Examples (Cont.)

Selection ToolsSelection Tools

Figure 9. Vertex selection widget. Figure 9. Vertex selection widget. (a) Shapes. (a) Shapes. (b) The widget is placed. (b) The widget is placed. (c) A selected vertex. (c) A selected vertex.

Figure 10. The local scaling lens that Figure 10. The local scaling lens that shrinks each object around its own shrinks each object around its own centroid (Tiling by Doug Wyatt) centroid (Tiling by Doug Wyatt)

Examples (Cont.)Examples (Cont.)

GridsGrids

Figure 11. Three grid tools Figure 11. Three grid tools

Examples (Cont.)Examples (Cont.)

VisualizationVisualization

Figure 12. Gaussian curvature pseudo-color lens with overlaid Figure 12. Gaussian curvature pseudo-color lens with overlaid tool to read the numeric value of the curvature. (Original tool to read the numeric value of the curvature. (Original images courtesy of Steve Mann) images courtesy of Steve Mann)

Implementation of Implementation of Toolglass SheetsToolglass Sheets

Multi-Device Input and Screen RefreshMulti-Device Input and Screen Refresh– Handles simultaneous input from two pointing devices Handles simultaneous input from two pointing devices

and updates the screen after multiple simultaneous and updates the screen after multiple simultaneous changeschanges

Filtering Input Through Lenses and WidgetsFiltering Input Through Lenses and Widgets– Modifies pointing events as they pass through widgetsModifies pointing events as they pass through widgets

Filtering Output Through Lenses and WidgetsFiltering Output Through Lenses and Widgets– Modifies graphical output as it passes up through Modifies graphical output as it passes up through

each widgeteach widget

Implementation of Implementation of Magic Lens FiltersMagic Lens Filters

Recursive AmbushRecursive Ambush– catch the low level drawing callscatch the low level drawing calls

typically a wrapper around the graphics contexttypically a wrapper around the graphics context

– and modify them, and then call the original and modify them, and then call the original graphics primitive graphics primitive

e.g. modify “DrawLine” to set the color to “red”e.g. modify “DrawLine” to set the color to “red”

– works transparently across all applicationsworks transparently across all applications– but complicated to make a new lens and but complicated to make a new lens and

debugdebug

Model-In Model-OutModel-In Model-Out– create new objects and transform themcreate new objects and transform them

can be saved and used by any lenses over itcan be saved and used by any lenses over it

– very powerful, butvery powerful, butmust allocate storagemust allocate storage

cross application is an issuecross application is an issue

Implementation of Implementation of Magic Lens Filters (Cont.)Magic Lens Filters (Cont.)

Implementation of Implementation of Magic Lens Filters (Cont.)Magic Lens Filters (Cont.)

Reparameterize & clipReparameterize & clip– Modify global parameters to drawingModify global parameters to drawing– Redraw the model, but clipped to the Redraw the model, but clipped to the

boundary shape of the lensboundary shape of the lens– Best example: scalingBest example: scaling

Implementation of Implementation of Magic Lens Filters (Cont.)Magic Lens Filters (Cont.)

Multiple model types need to be supported Multiple model types need to be supported for cross-application functionality. for cross-application functionality. Achieved by:Achieved by:– Type conversion: convert the model to be of Type conversion: convert the model to be of

the type requiredthe type required– Type tolerance: unchanged if does not Type tolerance: unchanged if does not

understand a modelunderstand a model

Toolglass & Magic Lens Toolglass & Magic Lens ConclusionsConclusions

See-through interface based on spatial modesSee-through interface based on spatial modes

Structured well for two-handed interactionStructured well for two-handed interaction

May be integrated into any screen-based May be integrated into any screen-based applications and toolsapplications and tools

SDM: Selective Dynamic Manipulation of Visualizations

SDM: Selective Dynamic Manipulation of Visualizations

Mei C. Chuah, Steven F. Roth,

Joe Mattis, John Kolojejchick

(Carnegie Mellon University)

Mei C. Chuah, Steven F. Roth,

Joe Mattis, John Kolojejchick

(Carnegie Mellon University)

MotivationMotivation

• Need new interactive techniques for 2D and 3D visualizations. We want:– Selective: a high degree of user control– Dynamic: interactions all occur in real time,

and interactive animation– Manipulation: Users can directly move and

transform objects to perform different tasks• This set of techniques is called SDM

Current Static VisualizationCurrent Static Visualization

• Users cannot focus on specific object sets in detail while keeping them in the larger context

• Clutter and occlusion (hidden data) in dense information space

• Difficult to give a sense of scale: some objects may be dwarfed in the scale used for the entire data set (green objects in [Figure 1])

• No tools provided to classify data sets and save those classifications

• Difficult to compare quantities when objects are not spatially contiguous (e.g. when objects are at different distances from the user)

SDM SampleSDM Sample• SDM deals with these issues• Selection and control methods rely on objects

rather than spaces.

Sample: Supply Distribution NetworkSample: Supply Distribution Network

• Cylinders (red) : supply centres • Rectangular bars (purple) : shelters • Lines (black) on the floor plane : major routes • Heights of cylinders and bars : quantities available at supply centres

and needed by shelters• Selected objects : green

SDM ComponentsSDM Components

• Object Centered Selection– Select objects by clicking or using sliders to

place data constraints– Object sets may be named, saved and used

later from a scrollable menu– Object sets need not be made up of

homogeneous types (e.g. a set may contain supply centers, shelters, and routes)

SDM Components (Cont.)SDM Components (Cont.)• Dynamic and

Flexible Operations– Directly manipulate

through object handles– Attach a handle to an

object, and push or pull on it: causes the object to expand, shrink or move continuously

– Objects change with motion of handles (A) controls the radius of cylinder object (B) controls object height(C) controls bar width

– Arrow handles: shift

SDM Components (Cont.)SDM Components (Cont.)

• Object Constraints

Context persistence– SDM maintains some relationship between the

focus objects set and its environment.

Set-wide operations– If you can move or scale one object in a focus

set, you can move or scale any other object in this set.

SDM Feedback MechanismsSDM Feedback Mechanisms• Clearly Identify the

Selected Set – The selected set is painted

differently (green)– A white grid may be drawn

beneath all selected objects to indicate positions and spread

• Maintain Scene Context – Used to maintain context

when objects are displaced– Object ‘body’ (green) and

object ‘shell’ (white)

Feedback Mechanisms (Cont.)Feedback Mechanisms (Cont.)

• Maintain Temporal Continuity– Use animation to help users to perceive

changes to the scene

• Maintain Relationships Between the Selected Set and the Environment– Keep a scale of the differences on screen, for

example, the ratio axes technique (next slide)

• Allow Objects to be Easily Returned to Their Home Positions

Ratio Axes TechniqueRatio Axes Technique

Scale of the environment (black) & the selected set (red)Scale of the environment (black) & the selected set (red)The left is 1:1; the right is 1:8The left is 1:1; the right is 1:8

SDM SolutionsSDM Solutions

• Focusing on a Select Set of Objects while Keeping Scene Context– Objects can be painted distinctly and the width can be increased– Users may shift all focus objects to the front of the scene

SDM Solutions (Cont.)SDM Solutions (Cont.)

• Viewing and Analyzing Occluded Objects– Selected object set is elevated to solve occlusion

problem

SDM Solutions (Cont.)SDM Solutions (Cont.)

– Reduce the heights of unconcerned objects to zero– Make all unconcerned objects very thin

SDM Solutions (Cont.)SDM Solutions (Cont.)• Viewing Different Sets of Elements Based on Different

Scales– Ratio axes technique (mentioned above)

• Interactively Augmenting the Visualization with New Classification Infomation– Add width and color, save as a set and apply them later (i.e.

identify important shelters)

SDM Solutions (Cont.)SDM Solutions (Cont.)

• Comparing the Patterns, Widths, and Heights of Objects– Draw a line of reference in the scene plane and move any set of

objects to the reference line– Compare data trends among multiple sets

SDM System Architecture SDM System Architecture

SDM ConclusionsSDM Conclusions

• Good interactive techniques deals with the issues from current static visualizations

• Visualization is clear, precise and easy to understand

• The goal of SDM is to provide users with enough tools and flexibility (multiple alternative solutions) that they can solve a wide spectrum of data analysis tasks.