international journal of applied ayurved research issn: 2347- … · 2020-01-07 · international...

International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research ISSN: 2347- 6362

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTO-PHYSICOCHEMICAL

EVALUATION OF PEDALIUM MUREX LINN 1Bora Biswa Jyoti,

2Goswami Dipak Kumar

1Dept. of Dravyaguna, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Guwahati (Assam) – India

2Department of Prasuti Tantra and StreeRoga, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Guwahati-14,

Assam.

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants have been of age long remedies for human diseases because they contain

components of therapeutic value1. Plants are rich sources of ecologically developed secondary

metabolites, which are potential remedies for different ailments. Pedalium murex L. (Pedaliaceae) is a

diffuse, more or less succulent herb found near the sea coast of south India2. In and around

Visakhapatnam the plant is very prolific after summer rains. An infusion from leaves and stems was

reported to be used in the treatment of gonorrhea and dysuria. Leaves are used for ulcers. Fresh

leaves and young shoots dipped and kept for few minutes in boiling milk, such milk is used as an

aphrodisiac. A decoction of the fruits was mentioned to be effective as demulcent, diuretic,

antispasmodic and aphrodisiac.The decoction is useful in irritation of the urinary organs. Juice of the

fruit is an emmenagogue. It contains alkaloids, a greenish fatty oil, small amount of resin and ash.

Fruit contains a mucilagenous alkaloid, fat, resin, and gum. Caffeic acid, cumaric acid, daucosterol,

ferulic acid, hepatatriacontonic acid3, vanillic acid

4, ursolic acid and sitosterol were isolated from this

plant. Flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, lipids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, amino acids and

carbohydrates of Pedalium murex were reported5. The extensive literature survey revealed that

Pedalium murex is important medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological spectrum. The plant

shows the presence of many chemical constituents which are responsible for varied pharmacological

and medicinal property. Therefore, the present investigation was intended to evaluate the preliminary

phytochemical characters of this plant. Phytochemical studies facilitate new discovery for the

synthesis of more potent drugs.

Keywords: Pedalium murex L., ethnobotanical uses, pharmacognosy, pharmacological activities,

Phytochemical.

INTRODUCTION: India is a varietal

emporium of medicinal plants and is one

of the richest countries in the world in

terms of genetic resources of medicinal

plants. It exhibits a wide range in

topography and climate, which has a

bearing on its vegetation and floristic

composition. Moreover, the agro-climatic

conditions are conducive for introducing

and domesticating new exotic plant

varieties.Since time immemorial, the

traditional medicinal practices have been

known for the treatment of various

ailments in India. A vast knowledge about

the use of plants against different illnesses

may be expected to have accumulated in

areas where the use of plants is still a great

importance. The medicinal value of a plant

lies in some of its chemical substances

(phytochemicals) that produce a definite

physiological action on the human body.

The most important bioactive compounds

of plants are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins

and phenolic compounds.Rural

communities depend on plant resources

mainly for herbal medicines, food, forage,

construction of dwellings, making

household implements, sleeping mats, and

for fire and shade. The use of medicinal

plants as traditional medicines is well

known in rural areas of many developing

countries. In developing countries, low-

Bora Biswa Jyoti et al : Pharmacognostic and Phyto-Physicochemical Evaluation of Pedalium Murex Linn]

441 www.ijaar.in IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE V NOV - DEC 2019

income people such as farmers, people of

small isolated villages and native

communities use many native plants for

the treatment of common diseases. An

extensive survey and interaction with local

ethno-pharmacologists, herbal drug sellers

and rural native healers revealed that the

native plants P. murex plant parts are

routinely and widely used for the treatment

of various ailments of humans and live-

stock.Traditionally Ayurveda emphasises

its use to pacify vitiated vata, pitta, urinary

retention, kidney stone, seminal weakness,

amenorrhea, inflammation, flatulence and

fever.Naturally, it tempted us to verify the

traditional wisdom of local community in

using these plants as herbal drugs. Further

evaluations need to be carried out on

Pedalium murex in order to elucidate out

the appropriate uses and formulation of the

plant in their practical clinical applications,

which can be used for the welfare of the

mankind. In fact, there are not many

scientific studies that confirm the

biological properties of this plant. As the

phytochemical research based on the

ethno-pharmacological information is

generally considered an effective approach

for logical conclusions. Therefore, the

present investigation was intended to

evaluate the preliminary phytochemical

characters of this plant. Phytochemical

studies facilitate new discovery for the

synthesis of more potent drugs.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To elucidate out a comprehensive

review of the plant Pedalium murex

2. To carry out Phytochemical analysis to

screen, identify, extract and isolate the

phyto-constituents to evaluate the

therapeutic potential of Pedalium

murex.

3. To develop phytochemical standards of

Pedalium murex for standardization

and quality control purposes.

Drug Review:While taking the review of

the Vedic literature the reference regarding

“BrihatGokshura” (Pedalium murex L.)

was not found in Vedic kala or Sangraha

Kala. In Raja Nighantu9 description of

KshudraGokshura and its 16 names are

found along with its

qualities.Dravyagunaprakashika, the hindi

commentary written by

Dr.IndradevaTripathi details it as

BrihatGokshura. Direct references

regarding BrihatGokshura is not available

in Dhanvantharinighantu.Dr S.D Kamat

had mentioned Pedalium murex of

pedaliaceae family in his book “Studies on

medicinal Plants and Drugs”.In

Dhanwantari Nighantu10

, it is classified in

uttarardha under “Tilladivarga” with

gunas quoted from Sivadatta stating that it

can be used in

Sarkara,asmari,prameha,mutrakrcchra,pr

adara and as rasayana. He also upholds

Brihatgokshura as

sitavirya,snigdha,balya,mutrala,madhura

and vrishya. It is classified in

GuduchyadiVarga under the name of

kshudragokshura in

SaligramaNighantuBhushanam along with

a compilation of its gunas like

sakaguna,beejaguna, ksharaguna etc. In

this text details of definite qualities of

brihatgokshura is mentioned as

seethala,balya,madhura,brumhana,vastisu

dhikara,vrishya,

pustikara,rasayana,agnideepaka,mutrkrich

ara,asmarihara,daha,prameha,swasa,kasa

,hridroga,arsonasaka,vastivata,tridosha,ku

shta and soolahara was noted. In Nighantu

Adarsa11

, this plant has been included

under TiladiVarga. A detailed description

of BrihatGokshura was found in

Vanaoushadhi Nidarshika12

,regarding

types distribution, components,

morphology, dosage and indications of the



drug. The text also mentions of the use of

Brihatgokshura in Unani medicine in

which the drug is called as faridbhooti,

which is used as a strengthening drug. It

also describes the use of Brihatgokshura

instead of small gokshura was found in

Rajasthan and eastern parts of

India.Acharya Priyavrat Sharma on

describing gokshura had mentioned

Pedalium murex Linnas Brihatgokshura

from pedaliaceae family Tilakula.He also

ascribes that it grows near ocean and the

size of it is bigger than gokshura in

Dravyguna Vijnana13

.Indian Medicinal

Plants14

details description of pedaliaceae

family with explanations regarding

Brihatgokshura is given, it described in the

book that the properties and synonyms of

Brihatgokshura are same as that of

Tribulus terestris. It also states that the

fruit is considered as a demulcent and

diuretic, anti-spasmodic and aphrodisiac,

the decoction is useful in irritation of

urinary organs; it’s given as a remedy for

spermatorrhoea, incontinence of urine, and

impotence. In Indian Materia Medica15

,

BrihatGokshura is mentioned in this book

with detailed explanations of the

distribution names in different languages

and has explained different uses of parts

with reference to its medicinal value such

as burning micturition, urinary calculi,

gonorrhea,spermatorrhoea, impotence,and

incontinence of urine.Pharmacological

Investigations of Certain Medicinal Plants

And Compound Formulations Used In

Ayurveda And Siddha16

, quotes from

Bhavaprakasha guduchyadivarga about the

paryayaguna,karma and paryaya of

Brihatgokshura, it also states that

Brihatgokshura is pedalium murex Linn

with Paryayanamas as Trkantaka,

Palankasha

,SvaduKantaka.Pharmacological actions of

the drug was mentioned along with

information of acute toxicity study

performed on albino rats the LD 50 value

was 280 mg/kg i.p. Pharmacognosy Of

Ayurvedic Drugs17

, mentions

Brihatgokshura as an adulterant to

laghugokshura quoted under the title of

common substitutes and adulterants.Indian

Plants and Drugs with their Medicinal

Properties and Uses38

, text describes

Pedalium murex Linn with names used in

different languages of India,habitat,

properties and uses in detail.

Synonyms19

of BrihatGokshura

(Pedalium murex Linn): It has been

mentioned as, Ikshugandhika-Smell

resembles aroma with that of Ikshu,

Kantaphala-Fruits armed with spines,

Kshuraka– Long spines like that of

kshura, Gokantaka– Spine that injures

grazing cattle, Chanadruma– Plant has

leaves like that of Bengal gram,

Trikantaka– Fruits armed with three

spines, Palamkasha– Its thorn can even

remove one pala of mamsa when hit,

Bhakshakanta– Even if it has spine its

edible, Bhookshura– Pierces like Kshura,

Vanasrinkataka– Shape of the chestnut

found in forest, Swadamshtra– The thorns

resembles the teeth of the dog, Sadanga–

Six useable parts along with thorns,

Sthalasringataka– Fruits resembles that of

water chest nut, SwaduKantaka- Friuts are

edible and sweet.

Vernacular20

Names are as

follows,Sanskrit-BrihatGokshura, Tamil-

Anainerinji, perunerunji, Hindi-Bara

gokhru, Malayalam-Kathenerinmil,

Kakkamullu, ananerinnil, Kattunerinjal,

Telugu-Enugapallerumullu, Peddapaleru,

EnugapalleruMulla, yenugapalleru,

Kannada-Annegalugida,Aneneggilu,

Doddaneggilu, Marathi-Motto ghokru,

Mother ghokharu, Hatti charatte,



Karonathia, Gujarathi-Kadvaghokru,

Mothaghokru, Mothangokharu,

Mottoghokru, Ubbaghokru, Bengali-

Motto ghokru, Baraghokhu,

Motharghokru, Oriya-Gokshura, Gokara,

Punjabi-Gokrukalan, Konkani-Selusaran,

Arabic-Khasakekabir, Burmese-Sulegi,

Persian-Khasake Kalan.

Useful part21

of the plant BrihatGokshura

are Fruit and Panchanga (whole plant).

Dose22,23

of the drug in the form of

Choorna (powder) is ¼- ½ tola and

Kwatha (decoction) is mentioned as 2 pala

(96 ml).

Properties andActions24

as per Ayurvedic

classics are as follows, Rasa: Madhura,

Guna:Snigdha,shita, Virya: Shita,

Vipaka: Madhura, Karma: Vatahara,

Indication: Prameha, Swasa, Kasa, Arsas,

Hridroga,Mutrala, Vrushya,Balakrit.

Chemical Composition25

:

1. Fruit: Alkaloids 3.5%-5%, stable oil,

aromatic oil,

resins,glycosides,carbohydrates,

saponins,triterpenoids twoimportant

flavanoids like 2’ , 4 ’,5’trihydroxy - 5

, 7 dimethoxy flavones and

triacontanyldotriacontanoate.

2. Stem:Saponins,herman,phytosterols,

tannins and carbohydrates were

reported from stem.

3. Root: Reducing sugars Phenolic

compounds, saponins,xanthoproteins,

alkaloids, triterpenoids and flavonoids.

The root contains novel phenolic

compounds like phenol, 2 (5,6- di

methyl pyrazinyl) methyl.

4. Leaves: Flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids,

resins, saponins and proteins. It also

contains some important flavonoids

like dinatin and 7-glucoronide,

diosmetin and its 7-

glucaronide,pedalitin and pedalin

alkaloids, steroids,resins,saponins and

proteins.

5. Flower:Quercetin, dinatin, querimctrin

and an unidentified di glycoside of

quercetin were reported from the

flower.

Taxonomical Classification26

: Kingdom-

Plantae, Phylum/Division –

Magnoliophyta, Class-Magnoliopsida-

(Dicotyledonae), Subclass- Lamiidae,

Order –Caryophyllales, Family-

Pedaliaceae, Genus-Pedalium, Species-

Pedalium. murex Linn.

Modern Review of the Drug:Botanical

Name: Pedalium murex Linn.

Morphology of Pedaliaceae27

Family:

Herbs, rarely under shrub, Leaves: Leaves

opposite or upper

alternate,entire,toothed,incised or

pedatifid; stipules 0, Flowers: Flowers

irregular,hermaphrodite,solitary(rarely

fascicled or racemose), usually

axillary.Calyx-gamosepalous, usually

deeply 4-5 lobed. Corolla tubular-

ventricose;limb-5lobed,obscurely 2-lipped;

lobes imbricate, Stamen 4,

didynamous(rarely 2), Disk hypogynous,

fleshy, Ovary–2(rarely 1)celled;ovules

many or few superposed;style-filiform;

stigma shortly 2 lobed, Fruit-Fruit

hard,indehiscent,or a 2-(rarely 3-4) valved

capsule, Seeds in the Indian species

wingless; albumen 0 Genera 14 species 45.

Morphology28

of the Plant:Stems and

branches are slightly rough with scaly

glands, a much branched herb growing up

to 15-38 cm in height.Leaves are opposite

pale glaucous-green, fleshy, 2.5-5 by 2.3 -

8 cm, broadly ovate oblong truncate or

obtuse, coarsely crenate-serrate or

sublobate, glabrous above. Lowerside is

usually covered with scales, base acute;

petioles 6-20mm long.Flowers are

axillary,solitary; pedicles 4 mm long

Calyx small, scarcely 3mm,long minutely

scaled outside, divided half way down;



lobes 5,linear-triangular,acute, corolla2.5

cm, across at the mouth,bright yellow;

tubes 2 cm, long slender; lobes broad

rounded. Filaments glandular- hairy at the

base.Fruit 1.3 -2 cm long narrowed at the

base pyramidal-ovoid above the spines,

bluntly 4 –angled, with stout sharp conical

horizontal spines from the ankles.

Distribution and Habitat29

: In India it’s

found mainly in Kathiyawar,

Gujarat,Konkan,Deccan Peninsula along

western and coromandel coasts,it is found

in the countries of Ceylon-Tropical Africa.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A] Methods for Drug Collection and

Authentication:Brihatgokshura was

collected from the natural Habitat from

Coimbatore and the plant sample was

authenticated by the Department of Botany

of Gauhati University, Guwahati (Assam).

B] Methods for Drug Analysis:The

sample was subjected for Organoleptic,

Macroscopic and

MicroscopicExaminations as follows;

1. Organoleptic Evaluation30

: Qualitative

Evaluation based on the sensory profiles

refers to observation by colour, odour,

taste and touch.Here the sample was

subjected for the organoleptic evaluations.

2. Macroscopic Study: The macroscopic

study refers to the physical evaluation of

the drug in terms of size, shape, surface,

fracture, etc. The sample was subjected to

the macroscopic study with the help of

simple microscope and magnifying glass.

3. Method of Microscopic

Examination:Transverse or longitudinal

sections of seeds of Pedalium murex were

prepared. Sections were cut with razor,

moisten the surface of the seed with

glycerol solution, remove the section with

brush and place them on the slide. The

sections were treated with various reagents

before examining.

4. Methods for Powder Analysis: All the

seed samples were made in to a powder

using pulveriser to size of coarse powder

(Passing through 60 No mesh). Then all

the powder samples were subjected for

Macro and Microscopic examination. Then

powder of the sample was tested for

organoleptic characters like Colour,

Appearance, Taste, Odour and Fineness.

Examination for Lignin was done

bymoistening the powder with an alcoholic

solution of Phloroglucinol and allowed to

stand until nearly dry, added concentrated

Hydrochloricacid. Apply a cover glass and

examine. Note the presence or absence of

lignified vessels, fibers, parenchyma,

sclerieds or hairs.

5) Methods for Determination of

Foreign Matter30

: Weighed 100 gm of the

drug sample to be examined spread it out

in a thin layer. The foreign matters were

detected by inspection with the unaided

eye or by the use of lens 5x, separated,

weighed and calculated the percentage.

6) Methods for Ash Value

Estimation30

:Weighed accurately 2 grams

of the air dried drug in a tare platinum or

silica dish and incinerated at a temperature

not exceeding 450°c for 3 hours until free

from carbon, cool and weigh. Calculated

the percentage of ash with reference to air

dried drug.

7) Methods for Determination of

Sulphated Ash30

: Heated a silica crucible

to redness for 10 minutes; allowed cooling

in a desiccators and weighed. Then 2 g of

the substance was accurately weighed into

the crucible; ignited gently at first and then

until the substance was thoroughly

charred. Cooled,moistened the residue

with 1 ml of sulphuric acid, heated gently

until white fumes were no longer evolved

and ignited at 800 ± 250 until all black

particles disappeared. Ignition was



conducted in a place protected from air

currents. Allowed the crucible to cool,

added a few drops of sulphuric acid and

heated. Ignited as before, allowed cooling

and weighed. Repeated the operation until

two successive weighing did not differ by

more than 0.5mg.

8) Methods for Determination of Acid

Soluble and Insoluble Ash30

: The ash

obtained by the method mentioned above

was boiled. Added 25 ml of dilute

hydrochloric acid for 5 minutes. Collected

the acid insoluble ash in a pre-weighed

crucible along with the ash less filter paper

kept in muffle furnace for an hour at

around 450°c ± 5°c. Calculated the

percentage of acid insoluble ash with

reference to the air dried drug.

Acid insoluble ash = Weight of ash x 100

Original sample weight

9) Methods for determination of water

soluble and insoluble ash30

: Boiled the

ash for 5 minutes with 25 ml of water;

collected insoluble matter in an ash less

filter paper, washed with hot water, and

ignited for 15 minutes at a temperature and

calculated percentage of water soluble ash

with reference to the air dried drug.

10) Methods for Extractions31

: Powder

sample was subjected for Cold maceration

method for extraction.

a) Alcoholic Extraction:

Equipments - Conical Flask: 2-litre

Capacity.

- Measuring Cylinder: 25-ml. capacities.

- Silver Foil, Filter Paper

- Emulsion cloth.

Other materials: (a) Filter Paper (b) 500 ml

beaker (c) Glass funnel

Ingredients: Seed powder 5 gms and

100ml Ethanol

Procedure:Macerated 5 g of the air dried

drug, coarsely powdered, with 100 ml of

Ethanol in a closed flask for twenty-four

hours, shaking frequently during six hours

and allow to stand for eighteen hours.

Filtered rapidly, taking precautions against

loss of solvent, evaporated 25 ml of the

filtrate to dryness on water-bath in a tarred

flat bottomed shallow dish, and dry at

105º, then cooled it.

b) Aqueous extraction (water extract):

Equipments - Conical Flask: 2-litre

Capacity.

- Measuring Cylinder: 25-ml. capacities.

- Silver Foil, Filter Paper

- Emulsion cloth.

Solvent - Distilled Water

Ingredients – 5 gm seed powder and Water

(As required)

Procedure:Macerated 5 g of the air dried

drug, coarsely powdered with 100 ml of

Distilled Water in a closed flask for

twenty-four hours shaking frequently

during six hours and allowed to stand for

eighteen hours. Filtered rapidly, taking

precautions against loss of

solvent,evaporated 25 ml of the filtrate to

dryness on water-bath in a tare flat

bottomed shallow dish, and dried at 105º,

then cooled it.

11. Methods for preliminary

phytochemical screening32

: Both,

aqueous and alcohol extracts were

subjected for qualitative preliminary

phytochemical screening:

a) Test for Reducing Sugars (Benedict’s

test): Mixed equal volume of Benedict’s

reagent and test solution in the test tube

and heated on water bath for 5 minutes.

Solution appears green, yellow or red

depending on amount of reducing sugar

present in test solution.

b) Test for monosaccharides (Barfoed’s

test): Mixed equal volume of Barfoed’s

reagent and test solution. Heat for 1-2min.

on water bath and cool it. Red precipitate

is observed.



c) Test for pentose sugars (Bial’sOrcinol

test): To boiling Bial’s reagent added few

drops of test solution. Green or purple

coloration appears.

d) Test for hexo sugars (Selwinoff’s

test): Heated 3 ml Selwinoff’s reagent and

1ml. test solution on water bath for 1-2

min. Red colour is formed.

e) Test for proteins (Million’s test):

Heated 3 ml Million’s reagent 1ml. test

solution.

f) Tests for steroids (Salkowski

reaction): To 2 ml of extract, add 2 ml of

chloroform and 2 ml concentrated H2SO4

were added. Shaked well. Chloroform

layer appears. Red and acid layer shows

greenish yellow fluorescence.

g) Test for alkaloids (Wagner’s Test):

To 2-3 ml of filtrate with few drops of

Wagner’s Reagent shows reddish brown

ppt.

h) Tests for tannins and phenolic

compounds: To 2 – 3 ml of aqueous or

alcoholic extracts, add few drops of

following reagents: 5% FeCl3 solution

deep blue-black colour.

12. Test for Inorganic Elements:The ash

of drug was taken in a test tube and 50%

HCl v/v or 50% HNo3 v/v was added to.

Keep for 1 hr. filter and with filtrate

performed following tests.Test for

Sodium- To 10 ml filtrate add 2 ml of

potassium pyroantimonate gives white

precipitate.Test for Potassium-To 2-3 ml

test solution, add few drops of sodium

cobalt nitrite solution. Yellow precipitate

of potassium cobalt nitrite observed.Test

for Iron –To 5 ml test solution add few

drops of 5% ammonium thiocyanate

solution turns blood red.Test for

Calcium-Filtrate with solution of

ammonium carbonate gives white

precipitate which is insoluble in

ammonium chloride solution

Test for Chloride –To 3 ml test solution

prepared in HNO3 add few drops of

10%Ag No3 soln. White precipitate. Of

AgCl2 observes which is soluble in dilute

ammonia solution.Test for Sulphate – To

5ml filtrate, add few drops of 5% Bacl2

solution white crystalline BaSo4 ppt.

Appears that is insoluble in HCl.

RESULTS: Table 1.BrihatGokshura fruit powder microscopy:

Microscopic study

Sl. No. Character Recorded details

1. Trichome Uniseriate, sessile

2. Cork cells Stomata absent

3. Stone cells Horse shoe shaped

4. Crystals Prismatic

5. Vessels Pitted, spiral

6. Tracheids Present

Table .2 Physico chemical analysis:

Parameter Recorded Value Standard

Foreign matter 6.118% NA

Total Ash value 3.178% NA

Acid insoluble Ash 1.209% NA

Table .3 Extractive values of BrihatGokshura fruit:

Sl. No Solvent Extractive Value recorded API standard

01. Water 0.632% Not less than 7%



02. Ethanol 18.524% Not less than 4%

Table .4 Test for inorganic components:

Sl. no Test Result

1. Test for Iron:Test soln. + Ammonium thiocynate +

2. Test for Calcium

a)Solution + Ammonia+ Potassium ferrocynade

b)Ammonium carbonate solution + filtrate = insoluble in

Ammonium chloride solution

+

+

3. Test for Sodium:Test soln. + Potassium pyroantimonate +

4. Test for Chlorides:Test soln. + AgNO3 -

5. Test for Potassium: Test soln. + Sodium cobalt nitrate -

6. Test for Sulphates: Test soln. + 5% BaCl2 Solution -

Table .5 Preliminary phytochemical screening:

Sl.no Name of Test Alcoholic

Extract

Aqueous

Extract

1. Test for Carbohydrates:

a) BBenedict’s Test

b) FFehling’s Test

c) Molish Test

-

-

-

-

-

-

2. Test for pentose sugars

Soln + HCl+ Phloroglucenol

+

+

3. Test for Hexose sugars Selvinoff’s Test - -

4. Test for non-reducing Sugars

3ml soln. + few drops of Iodine

+

+

5. Test for Tannins & Phenolic compounds: - -

6. Test for Alkaloids:

Wagner’s reagent

- -

7. Test for Steroids: Salkowski reagent - -

8. Test for Proteins & amino acids:Million’s test - -

9. Test for Flavonoids With NaOH

With H2SO4 With Mg/HCl

-

-

-

-

-

-

Table .6 HPTLC ANALYSIS PROFILE:

Rf value @ 254 nm

Sl. No Sample Rf Values

01. BrihatGokshura 0.62

Table .7 Rf value in 366 nm after derivatization


01. BrihatGokshura 0.82

Table .8 Rf value in after spray


01. BrihatGokshura 0.17, 0.2, 0.29, 0.35, 0.50, 0.62, 0.73, 0.79



PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS :

Foreign matter Content was 6.118% in the

collected sample. The section cutting of

the fruit of Brihatgokshura was difficult so

powder microscopy was done. The

parameters like, total ash (3.178%),acid

insoluble ash (1.209%), water soluble

within standards shows standard quality of

the drug. The aqueous & alcohol extractive

values were 0.632%,18.524%,

respectively. It shows the amount of

ingredients extracted in the water

ascompared to alcohol, in alcohol extract

the amount of ingredients extracted was

more than the aqueous extract.Alcoholic

extractive methods as that of arishta and

asava may prove to be more effective than

that of kwatha or aqueous extract in case

of BrihatGokshura.

Preliminary Phyto-chemical tests show

presence of Steroids, alkaloids reducing

sugar present in both Alcoholic and

Aqueous extract but absence of proteins,

monosaccharides, pentose sugars in both

the extracts. Presence of hexose

sugars,Phenolic compounds and tannins

only in alcoholic extract but absent in

aqueous extract. The presence of hexose

sugar, reducing sugar shows sweet taste of

root. HPTLC of BrihatGokshura has

shown only one ingredient is separated at

same RF at 0.82 in both the

extracts.Otherwise all the ingredients

separated in aqueous as well as alcoholic

are at different rf. The active ingredient

separated in alcohol is more as compared

to aqueous because of high extractive

value in alcohol.

DISCUSSION

According to ancient research

methodology, prior to establishing any

theory, Upanaya (Discussion) is the step

preceding Nigamana (Conclusion).

Botanical identity of Pedalium Murex is

correlated with BrihatGokshura by almost

all the contemporary texts. There is a

controversy related to the authenticity of

BrihatGokshura (Pedalium murex Linn)

and Small variety Gokshura (Tribulus

terrestris Linn). This study was

undertaken assuming that Brihatgokshura

is Pedalium murex Linn. The fruit was

collected as told by acharyaCharaka, as

‘yathaRitu’ according to the season of

fruiting.

Conclusion:These studies revealed that P.

murex is a source of medicinally active

compounds and have various

pharmacological effects, hence, the plant

encourages finding its new therapeutic

uses. Dinatoin glycoside and diosmetin

glucuronides are isolated from the leaves

of P. murex6. Recently, two new

compounds are isolated from the fruits

Heptatriacontan-4-one, tetratriacontanyl

octacosanoate7. The decoction of root is

used as antibiliary. 2′,4′,5′-trihydroxy 5,7-

dimethoxy flavones and

triacotanyldotriacontanoate were isolated

from the fruits. It is also used in the

treatment of urogenital disorders8. The

extensive literature survey revealed that

Pedalium murex is important medicinal

plant with diverse pharmacological

spectrum. This study of the plant shows

the presence of many chemical

constituents which are responsible for

varied pharmacological and medicinal

property. This plant can be explored as

biopesticidal plant in the near future and

potent fertility enhancing drug. The article

will help the researchers of Ayurveda as

well as in other field of Bio-medical

sciences to explore more about the said

tree for the larger benefit of society.

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Corresponding Author: Dr. Biswa Jyoti Bora,

Educational Qualification: BAMS, MD

Address: Dept. of DG, Govt. Ayurvedic

College, Guwahati (Assam) – 781014, India

E-Mail: [email protected]

Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest:

None Declared

Cite this Article as :[ Bora Biswa Jyoti et al :

Pharmacognostic and Phyto-Physicochemical

Evaluation of Pedalium Murex Linn]

www.ijaar.in : IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE V

NOV –DEC 2019 Page No: 440-451



PHOTOGRAPHS

1.(a) Pedalium murex Plant 1.(b) Pedalium murex Raw Seeds 1.(c)Pedalium murex Dry

Seeds

Fig. 1:Pedalium murex Plant with seeds

1. (a) Stone Cells 2. (b) Sessile Trichome 2.(c)Multiserrate Trichomes

2.(d) Multiserrate Trichomes 2.(e)Reticulate Vessels 2.(f)Pitted Vessels

Fig. 2:Pedalium murex seeds powder microscopy

Image @254 nm Image @366 nm Image @white emission

Fig. 3: TLC of Pedalium murex

international journal of applied ayurved research issn: 2347- … · 2020-01-07 · international...

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