Intro to

Animals

AnimalsInvertebrates(animals without a backbone)• Porifera• Cnidaria• Worms• Mollusks• Echinoderms• Arthropods

Animals

Vertebrates-Animals with backbones:• Fish• Amphibians• Reptiles• Birds• Mammals

Characteristics of ALL Animals:

1. Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles

2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms

3. Are ____________________ made of many cells

4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs

EUKARYOTES

HETEROTROPHIC

MULTICELLULAR

SPECIALIZATION

Characteristics of ALL Animals: (cont)

5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger

6. Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code

7. ____________________ Make offspring

Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)

MOVE

REPRODUCE

DNA

The 10 Body Systems :

10 Body Systems : (cont)

1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING

(fur, skin, scales, feathers)

INTEGUMENTARY

Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss

10 Body Systems : (cont)

2. _________________Breaks down food to

obtain nutrients &

gets rid of undigested waste

DIGESTIVE

NO OPENINGS:Food enters through skin

Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif

Two openings: Most efficient

If food flows only in one direction, it allows for organ specialization.(Different parts can start to do different jobs)

10 Body Systems : (cont)

3. __________________Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cellsCarries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste

away from cells

Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________

loose inside body spaces = _______

CIRCULATORY

CLOSEDOPEN

10 Body Systems : (cont)

4. ___________________RESPIRATORY

Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif

Exchange gases with the environment

• take in oxygen •get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia)

10 Body Systems : (cont)

5. ___________________

• Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells • Help with HOMEOSTASIS (balance)

by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________)

EXCRETORY

OSMOREGULATION

10 Body Systems : (cont)

6. ___________________

Framework to support body/protection

Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________

SKELETAL

ENDOSKELETONEXOSKELETON

10 Body Systems : (cont)

7. _______________

Locomotion- move body itself

OR

move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)

MUSCULAR

10 Body Systems : (cont)

8. _____________________ -

Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________

REPRODUCTIVE

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________

Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________

Sperm and egg joininside female’s body = ____________________

External fertilization

Internal fertilization

9. ___________________

Receive sensory infoabout environment & send response signals

NERVOUS

10 Body Systems : (cont)

10. __________________Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals)

ENDOCRINE

10 Body Systems : (cont)

Kinds of SymmetryNo symmetry

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

___________________No symmetry

Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves.

ASYMMETRY

Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm

_______ Symmetry

Get more than 2 identical halves in several directions.

Radial

___________ SymmetryIf divide animal down

the middle you get 2 mirror images

BUT only divides equally in ONE direction

Bilateral

EMBRYOLOGY

Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Becomes digestive system

1. Where does the BLASTOPORE end up?

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

EMBRYOLOGY - cont

ANIMALS

Blastopore becomes MOUTH

Blastopore becomes ANUS

ALL INVERTEBRATESexcept ECHINODERMS

ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals)plus ECHINODERMS

PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES

EMBRYOLOGY - cont

EMBRYOLOGY ________________ are the “exception to the

rule”!

They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like _________________________

Echinoderms

DEUTEROSTOMES

EMBRYOLOGY - cont

All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their

embryos.

Endoderm: Digestive system,respiratory

Mesoderm: Muscle, excretory, bones,circulatory

Ectoderm: Outer skin, brain, nervoussystem

EMBRYOLOGY - cont

GERM LAYERS

Types of Coeloms (See-Lums)

No cavity (space) around organs

1. ACOELOM = “without space”

FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

Types of Coeloms (cont)

Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side

(lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)

Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm

2. PSEUDOCOELOM

ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm

Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm

3. EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

Types of Coeloms (cont)

EUCOELOMATESALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES

3 Types of Coeloms

ectodermmesodermendoderm

ACOELOMPSEUDOCOELOM

EUCOELOM

Advantages of having a COELOM (body space):

In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton

In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells

Provides space for internal organs

Which way is up?

ANTERIORhead end POSTERIOR

tail end

DORSAL (top)

VENTRAL(underneath)

CAUDAL (tail)

Aboral

PlantarAway from the mouth in

organisms with no distinct front or back sides.

________________

Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs

in anterior end of an organism (head area)

CEPHALIZATION