INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

AND PHYSIOLOGY

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Introduction Your responsibility is to assist an injured or sick

person A basic understanding of human anatomy and

physiology is essential It is important to know the terminology used to

describe aspects of the human body Age groupings are based on commonly used

medical literature vs the age groupings of BLS

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Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy is the study of the body’s structure Physiology is the study of how the body's

systems function and their relationship to the whole Cells Systems Bones Joints Muscles

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Terminology Midline Lateral Medial Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Proximal Distal Prone Semi Prone Supine

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The Cell

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Cells Use oxygen and glucose to produce energy Glucose penetrates the cell mambrane with the

help of insulin Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas Without sufficient insulin, cells cannot function

as they should Brain cells are an exception: glucose can

penetrate without insulin

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Systems of the Body

Musculoskeletal Respiratory Circulatory Nervous Digestive Urinary Endocrine and Reproductive

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Musculoskeletal System

Bones Muscles Joints Connective tissues (Ligaments & Tendons)

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Respiratory System

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Respiratory System

We Inhale We Exhale

78% Nitrogen 78% Nitrogen

21% Oxygen 16% Oxygen

0.03% Carbon Dioxide 4.03% Carbon Dioxide

Trace Water Vapour Trace Water Vapour

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Circulatory System

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Nervous System

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Digestive System

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Urinary System Filters and excretes wastes from the blood Helps maintain the balance between water and

various chemicals The urinary system consists of

two kidneys two ureters one urinary bladder one urethra

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The Endocrine and Reproductive System Group of glands which secrete hormones into the blood Hormones regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction

and other body functions The endocrine system includes

pituitary gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands adrenal glands ovaries testes pancreas